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====
News
====
..
2015-03-01 Version 1.0.0 released
=================================
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- Parameter names are finally properly ``gensym``'ed. This can break
templates though that used to rely on the fact that they are not. However
we found none such beast in the wild. (Bug #1915.)
- Tuple field names are not ignored anymore, this caused too many problems
in practice so now the behaviour as it was for version 0.9.6: If field
names exist for the tuple type, they are checked.
- ``logging.level`` and ``logging.handlers`` are no longer exported.
``addHandler``, ``getHandlers``, ``setLogFilter`` and ``getLogFilter``
should be used instead.
- ``nim idetools`` has been replaced by a separate tool `nimsuggest`_.
Language Additions
------------------
- For empty ``case object`` branches ``discard`` can finally be used instead
of ``nil``.
- Automatic dereferencing is now done for the first argument of a routine
call if overloading resolution produces no match otherwise. This feature
has to be enabled with the `experimental`_ pragma.
2014-12-29 Version 0.10.2 released
==================================
This release marks the completion of a very important change to the project:
the official renaming from Nimrod to Nim. Version 0.10.2 contains many language
changes, some of which may break your existing code. For your convenience, we
added a new tool called `nimfix <nimfix.html>`_ that will help you convert your
existing projects so that it works with the latest version of the compiler.
Progress towards version 1.0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although Nim is still pre-1.0, we were able to keep the number of breaking
changes to a minimum so far. Starting with version 1.0, we will not introduce
any breaking changes between major release versions.
One of Nim's goals is to ensure that the compiler is as efficient as possible.
Take a look at the
`latest benchmarks <https://github.com/logicchains/LPATHBench/blob/master/writeup.md>`_,
which show that Nim is consistently near
the top and already nearly as fast as C and C++. Recent developments, such as
the new ``asyncdispatch`` module will allow you to write efficient web server
applications using non-blocking code. Nim now also has a built-in thread pool
for lightweight threading through the use of ``spawn``.
The unpopular "T" and "P" prefixes on types have been deprecated. Nim also
became more expressive by weakening the distinction between statements and
expressions. We also added a new and searchable forum, a new website, and our
documentation generator ``docgen`` has seen major improvements. Many thanks to
Nick Greenfield for the much more beautiful documentation!
What's left to be done
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The 1.0 release is actually very close. Apart from bug fixes, there are
two major features missing or incomplete:
* ``static[T]`` needs to be defined precisely and the bugs in the
implementation need to be fixed.
* Overloading of the assignment operator is required for some generic
containers and needs to be implemented.
This means that fancy matrix libraries will finally start to work, which used
to be a major point of pain in the language.
Nimble and other Nim tools
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Outside of the language and the compiler itself many Nim tools have seen
considerable improvements.
Babel the Nim package manager has been renamed to Nimble. Nimble's purpose
is the installation of packages containing libraries and/or applications
written in Nim.
Even though Nimble is still very young it already is very
functional. It can install packages by name, it does so by accessing a
packages repository which is hosted on a Github repo. Packages can also be
installed via a Git repo URL or Mercurial repo URL. The package repository
is searchable through Nimble. Anyone is free to add their own packages to
the package repository by forking the
`nim-lang/packages <https://github.com/nim-lang/packages>`_ repo and creating
a pull request. Nimble is fully cross-platform and should be fully functional
on all major operating systems.
It is of course completely written in Nim.
Changelog
~~~~~~~~~
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- **The language has been renamed from Nimrod to Nim.** The name of the
compiler changed from ``nimrod`` to ``nim`` too.
- ``system.fileHandle`` has been renamed to ``system.getFileHandle`` to
prevent name conflicts with the new type ``FileHandle``.
- Comments are now not part of the AST anymore, as such you cannot use them
in place of ``discard``.
- Large parts of the stdlib got rid of the T/P type prefixes. Instead most
types now simply start with an uppercased letter. The
so called "partial case sensitivity" rule is now active allowing for code
like ``var foo: Foo`` in more contexts.
- String case (or any non-ordinal case) statements
without 'else' are deprecated.
- Recursive tuple types are not allowed anymore. Use ``object`` instead.
- The PEGS module returns ``nil`` instead of ``""`` when an optional capture
fails to match.
- The re module returns ``nil`` instead of ``""`` when an optional capture
fails to match.
- The "symmetric set difference" operator (``-+-``) never worked and has been
removed.
- ``defer`` is a keyword now.
- ``func`` is a keyword now.
- The ``using`` language feature now needs to be activated via the new
``{.experimental.}`` pragma that enables experimental language features.
- Destructors are now officially *experimental*.
- Standalone ``except`` and ``finally`` statements are deprecated now.
The standalone ``finally`` can be replaced with ``defer``,
standalone ``except`` requires an explicit ``try``.
- Operators ending in ``>`` are considered as "arrow like" and have their
own priority level and are right associative. This means that
the ``=>`` and ``->`` operators from the `future <future.html>`_ module
work better.
- Field names in tuples are now ignored for type comparisons. This allows
for greater interoperability between different modules.
- Statement lists are not converted to an implicit ``do`` block anymore. This
means the confusing ``nnkDo`` nodes when working with macros are gone for
good.
Language Additions
------------------
- The new concurrency model has been implemented including ``locks`` sections,
lock levels and object field ``guards``.
- The ``parallel`` statement has been implemented.
- ``deepCopy`` has been added to the language.
- The builtin ``procCall`` can be used to get ``super``-like functionality
for multi methods.
- There is a new pragma ``{.experimental.}`` that enables experimental
language features per module, or you can enable these features on a global
level with the ``--experimental`` command line option.
Compiler Additions
------------------
- The compiler now supports *mixed* Objective C / C++ / C code generation:
The modules that use ``importCpp`` or ``importObjc`` are compiled to C++
or Objective C code, any other module is compiled to C code. This
improves interoperability.
- There is a new ``parallel`` statement for safe fork&join parallel computing.
- ``guard`` and ``lock`` pragmas have been implemented to support safer
concurrent programming.
- The following procs are now available at compile-time::
math.sqrt, math.ln, math.log10, math.log2, math.exp, math.round,
math.arccos, math.arcsin, math.arctan, math.arctan2, math.cos,
math.cosh, math.hypot, math.sinh, math.sin, math.tan, math.tanh,
math.pow, math.trunc, math.floor, math.ceil, math.fmod,
os.getEnv, os.existsEnv, os.dirExists, os.fileExists,
system.writeFile
- Two backticks now produce a single backtick within an ``emit`` or ``asm``
statement.
- There is a new tool, `nimfix <nimfix.html>`_ to help you in updating your
code from Nimrod to Nim.
- The compiler's output has been prettified.
Library Additions
-----------------
- Added module ``fenv`` to control the handling of floating-point rounding and
exceptions (overflow, division by zero, etc.).
- ``system.setupForeignThreadGc`` can be used for better interaction with
foreign libraries that create threads and run a Nim callback from these
foreign threads.
- List comprehensions have been implemented as a macro in the ``future``
module.
- The new Async module (``asyncnet``) now supports SSL.
- The ``smtp`` module now has an async implementation.
- Added module ``asyncfile`` which implements asynchronous file reading
and writing.
- ``osproc.kill`` has been added.
- ``asyncnet`` and ``asynchttpserver`` now support ``SO_REUSEADDR``.
Bugfixes
--------
- ``nil`` and ``NULL`` are now preserved between Nim and databases in the
``db_*`` modules.
- Fixed issue with OS module in non-unicode mode on Windows.
- Fixed issue with ``x.low``
(`#1366 <https://github.com/Araq/Nim/issues/1366>`_).
- Fixed tuple unpacking issue inside closure iterators
(`#1067 <https://github.com/Araq/Nim/issues/1067>`_).
- Fixed ENDB compilation issues.
- Many ``asynchttpserver`` fixes.
- Macros can now keep global state across macro calls
(`#903 <https://github.com/Araq/Nim/issues/903>`_).
- ``osproc`` fixes on Windows.
- ``osproc.terminate`` fixed.
- Improvements to exception handling in async procedures.
(`#1487 <https://github.com/Araq/Nim/issues/1487>`_).
- ``try`` now works at compile-time.
- Fixes ``T = ref T`` to be an illegal recursive type.
- Self imports are now disallowed.
- Improved effect inference.
- Fixes for the ``math`` module on Windows.
- User defined pragmas will now work for generics that have
been instantiated in different modules.
- Fixed queue exhaustion bug.
- Many, many more.
2014-12-09 New website design!
==============================
A brand new website including an improved forum is now live.
All thanks go to Philip Witte and
Dominik Picheta, Philip Witte for the design of the website (together with
the logo) as well as the HTML and CSS code for his template, and Dominik Picheta
for integrating Philip's design with Nim's forum. We're sure you will
agree that Philip's design is beautiful.
2014-10-19 Version 0.9.6 released
=================================
**Note: 0.9.6 is the last release of Nimrod. The language is being renamed to
Nim. Nim slightly breaks compatibility.**
This is a maintenance release. The upcoming 0.10.0 release has
the new features and exciting developments.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- ``spawn`` now uses an elaborate self-adapting thread pool and as such
has been moved into its own module. So to use it, you now have to import
``threadpool``.
- The symbol binding rules in generics changed: ``bar`` in ``foo.bar`` is
now considered for implicit early binding.
- ``c2nim`` moved into its own repository and is now a Babel package.
- ``pas2nim`` moved into its own repository and is now a Babel package.
- ``system.$`` for floating point types now produces a human friendly string
representation.
- ``uri.TUrl`` as well as the ``parseurl`` module are now deprecated in favour
of the new ``TUri`` type in the ``uri`` module.
- The ``destructor`` pragma has been deprecated. Use the ``override`` pragma
instead. The destructor's name has to be ``destroy`` now.
- ``lambda`` is not a keyword anymore.
- **system.defined has been split into system.defined and system.declared**.
You have to use ``--symbol`` to declare new conditional symbols that can be
set via ``--define``.
- ``--threadanalysis:on`` is now the default. To make your program compile
you can disable it but this is only a temporary solution as this option
will disappear soon!
Compiler improvements
---------------------
- Multi method dispatching performance has been improved by a factor of 10x for
pathological cases.
Language Additions
------------------
- This version introduces the ``deprecated`` pragma statement that is used
to handle the upcoming massive amount of symbol renames.
- ``spawn`` can now wrap proc that has a return value. It then returns a data
flow variable of the wrapped return type.
Library Additions
-----------------
- Added module ``cpuinfo``.
- Added module ``threadpool``.
- ``sequtils.distnct`` has been renamed to ``sequtils.deduplicate``.
- Added ``algorithm.reversed``
- Added ``uri.combine`` and ``uri.parseUri``.
- Some sockets procedures now support a ``SafeDisconn`` flag which causes
them to handle disconnection errors and not raise them.
2014-04-21 Version 0.9.4 released
=================================
The Nimrod development community is proud to announce the release of version
0.9.4 of the Nimrod compiler and tools. **Note: This release has to be
considered beta quality! Lots of new features have been implemented but
unfortunately some do not fullfill our quality standards yet.**
Prebuilt binaries and instructions for building from source are available
on the `download page <download.html>`_.
This release includes about
`1400 changes <https://github.com/Araq/Nimrod/compare/v0.9.2...v0.9.4>`_
in total including various bug
fixes, new languages features and standard library additions and improvements.
This release brings with it support for user-defined type classes, a brand
new VM for executing Nimrod code at compile-time and new symbol binding
rules for clean templates.
It also introduces support for the brand new
`Babel package manager <https://github.com/nimrod-code/babel>`_ which
has itself seen its first release recently. Many of the wrappers that were
present in the standard library have been moved to separate repositories
and should now be installed using Babel.
Apart from that a new **experimental** Asynchronous IO API has been added via
the ``asyncdispatch`` and ``asyncnet`` modules. The ``net`` and ``rawsockets``
modules have also been added and they will likely replace the sockets
module in the next release. The Asynchronous IO API has been designed to
take advantage of Linux's epoll and Windows' IOCP APIs, support for BSD's
kqueue has not been implemented yet but will be in the future.
The Asynchronous IO API provides both
a callback interface and an interface which allows you to write code as you
would if you were writing synchronous code. The latter is done through
the use of an ``await`` macro which behaves similar to C#'s await. The
following is a very simple chat server demonstrating Nimrod's new async
capabilities.
.. code-block::nim
import asyncnet, asyncdispatch
var clients: seq[PAsyncSocket] = @[]
proc processClient(client: PAsyncSocket) {.async.} =
while true:
let line = await client.recvLine()
for c in clients:
await c.send(line & "\c\L")
proc serve() {.async.} =
var server = newAsyncSocket()
server.bindAddr(TPort(12345))
server.listen()
while true:
let client = await server.accept()
clients.add client
processClient(client)
serve()
runForever()
Note that this feature has been implemented with Nimrod's macro system and so
``await`` and ``async`` are no keywords.
Syntactic sugar for anonymous procedures has also been introduced. It too has
been implemented as a macro. The following shows some simple usage of the new
syntax:
.. code-block::nim
import future
var s = @[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
echo(s.map((x: int) => x * 5))
A list of changes follows, for a comprehensive list of changes take a look
`here <https://github.com/Araq/Nimrod/compare/v0.9.2...v0.9.4>`_.
Library Additions
-----------------
- Added ``macros.genSym`` builtin for AST generation.
- Added ``macros.newLit`` procs for easier AST generation.
- Added module ``logging``.
- Added module ``asyncdispatch``.
- Added module ``asyncnet``.
- Added module ``net``.
- Added module ``rawsockets``.
- Added module ``selectors``.
- Added module ``asynchttpserver``.
- Added support for the new asynchronous IO in the ``httpclient`` module.
- Added a Python-inspired ``future`` module that features upcoming additions
to the ``system`` module.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- The scoping rules for the ``if`` statement changed for better interaction
with the new syntactic construct ``(;)``.
- ``OSError`` family of procedures has been deprecated. Procedures with the same
name but which take different parameters have been introduced. These procs now
require an error code to be passed to them. This error code can be retrieved
using the new ``OSLastError`` proc.
- ``os.parentDir`` now returns "" if there is no parent dir.
- In CGI scripts stacktraces are shown to the user only
if ``cgi.setStackTraceStdout`` is used.
- The symbol binding rules for clean templates changed: ``bind`` for any
symbol that's not a parameter is now the default. ``mixin`` can be used
to require instantiation scope for a symbol.
- ``quoteIfContainsWhite`` now escapes argument in such way that it can be safely
passed to shell, instead of just adding double quotes.
- ``macros.dumpTree`` and ``macros.dumpLisp`` have been made ``immediate``,
``dumpTreeImm`` and ``dumpLispImm`` are now deprecated.
- The ``nil`` statement has been deprecated, use an empty ``discard`` instead.
- ``sockets.select`` now prunes sockets that are **not** ready from the list
of sockets given to it.
- The ``noStackFrame`` pragma has been renamed to ``asmNoStackFrame`` to
ensure you only use it when you know what you're doing.
- Many of the wrappers that were present in the standard library have been
moved to separate repositories and should now be installed using Babel.
Compiler Additions
------------------
- The compiler can now warn about "uninitialized" variables. (There are no
real uninitialized variables in Nimrod as they are initialized to binary
zero). Activate via ``{.warning[Uninit]:on.}``.
- The compiler now enforces the ``not nil`` constraint.
- The compiler now supports a ``codegenDecl`` pragma for even more control
over the generated code.
- The compiler now supports a ``computedGoto`` pragma to support very fast
dispatching for interpreters and the like.
- The old evaluation engine has been replaced by a proper register based
virtual machine. This fixes numerous bugs for ``nimrod i`` and for macro
evaluation.
- ``--gc:none`` produces warnings when code uses the GC.
- A ``union`` pragma for better C interoperability is now supported.
- A ``packed`` pragma to control the memory packing/alignment of fields in
an object.
- Arrays can be annotated to be ``unchecked`` for easier low level
manipulations of memory.
- Support for the new Babel package manager.
Language Additions
------------------
- Arrays can now be declared with a single integer literal ``N`` instead of a
range; the range is then ``0..N-1``.
- Added ``requiresInit`` pragma to enforce explicit initialization.
- Exported templates are allowed to access hidden fields.
- The ``using statement`` enables you to more easily author domain-specific
languages and libraries providing OOP-like syntactic sugar.
- Added the possibility to override various dot operators in order to handle
calls to missing procs and reads from undeclared fields at compile-time.
- The overload resolution now supports ``static[T]`` params that must be
evaluable at compile-time.
- Support for user-defined type classes has been added.
- The *command syntax* is supported in a lot more contexts.
- Anonymous iterators are now supported and iterators can capture variables
of an outer proc.
- The experimental ``strongSpaces`` parsing mode has been implemented.
- You can annotate pointer types with regions for increased type safety.
- Added support for the builtin ``spawn`` for easy thread pool usage.
Tools improvements
------------------
- c2nim can deal with a subset of C++. Use the ``--cpp`` command line option
to activate.
2014-02-11 Nimrod Featured in Dr. Dobb's Journal
================================================
Nimrod has been `featured<http://www.drdobbs.com/open-source/nimrod-a-new-systems-programming-languag/240165321>`_
as the cover story in the February 2014 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal.
2014-01-15 Andreas Rumpf's talk on Nimrod at Strange Loop 2013 is now online
============================================================================
Andreas Rumpf presented *Nimrod: A New Approach to Metaprogramming* at
`Strange Loop 2013<https://thestrangeloop.com/sessions/nimrod-a-new-approach-to-meta-programming>`_.
The `video and slides<http://www.infoq.com/presentations/nimrod>`_
of the talk are now available.
2013-05-20 New website design!
==============================
A brand new website is now live. All thanks go to Philip Witte and
Dominik Picheta, Philip Witte for the design of the website (together with
the logo) as well as the HTML and CSS code for his template, and Dominik Picheta
for integrating Philip's design with the ``nimweb`` utility. We're sure you will
agree that Philip's design is beautiful.
2013-05-20 Version 0.9.2 released
=================================
We are pleased to announce that version 0.9.2 of the Nimrod compiler has been
released. This release has attracted by far the most contributions in comparison
to any other release.
This release brings with it many new features and bug fixes, a list of which
can be seen later. One of the major new features is the effect system together
with exception tracking which allows for checked exceptions and more,
for further details check out the `manual <manual.html#effect-system>`_.
Another major new feature is the introduction of statement list expressions,
more details on these can be found `here <manual.html#statement-list-expression>`_.
The ability to exclude symbols from modules has also been
implemented, this feature can be used like so: ``import module except symbol``.
Thanks to all `contributors <https://github.com/Araq/Nimrod/contributors>`_!
Bugfixes
--------
- The old GC never collected cycles correctly. Fixed but it can cause
performance regressions. However you can deactivate the cycle collector
with ``GC_disableMarkAndSweep`` and run it explicitly at an appropriate time
or not at all. There is also a new GC you can activate
with ``--gc:markAndSweep`` which does not have this problem but is slower in
general and has no realtime guarantees.
- ``cast`` for floating point types now does the bitcast as specified in the
manual. This breaks code that erroneously uses ``cast`` to convert different
floating point values.
- SCGI module's performance has been improved greatly, it will no longer block
on many concurrent requests.
- In total fixed over 70 github issues and merged over 60 pull requests.
Library Additions
-----------------
- There is a new experimental mark&sweep GC which can be faster (or much
slower) than the default GC. Enable with ``--gc:markAndSweep``.
- Added ``system.onRaise`` to support a condition system.
- Added ``system.locals`` that provides access to a proc's locals.
- Added ``macros.quote`` for AST quasi-quoting.
- Added ``system.unsafeNew`` to support hacky variable length objects.
- ``system.fields`` and ``system.fieldPairs`` support ``object`` too; they
used to only support tuples.
- Added ``system.CurrentSourcePath`` returning the full file-system path of
the current source file.
- The ``macros`` module now contains lots of useful helpers for building up
abstract syntax trees.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- ``shared`` is a keyword now.
- Deprecated ``sockets.recvLine`` and ``asyncio.recvLine``, added
``readLine`` instead.
- The way indentation is handled in the parser changed significantly. However,
this affects very little (if any) real world code.
- The expression/statement unification has been implemented. Again this
only affects edge cases and no known real world code.
- Changed the async interface of the ``scgi`` module.
- WideStrings are now garbage collected like other string types.
Compiler Additions
------------------
- The ``doc2`` command does not generate output for the whole project anymore.
Use the new ``--project`` switch to enable this behaviour.
- The compiler can now warn about shadowed local variables. However, this needs
to be turned on explicitly via ``--warning[ShadowIdent]:on``.
- The compiler now supports almost every pragma in a ``push`` pragma.
- Generic converters have been implemented.
- Added a **highly experimental** ``noforward`` pragma enabling a special
compilation mode that largely eliminates the need for forward declarations.
Language Additions
------------------
- ``case expressions`` are now supported.
- Table constructors now mimic more closely the syntax of the ``case``
statement.
- Nimrod can now infer the return type of a proc from its body.
- Added a ``mixin`` declaration to affect symbol binding rules in generics.
- Exception tracking has been added and the ``doc2`` command annotates possible
exceptions for you.
- User defined effects ("tags") tracking has been added and the ``doc2``
command annotates possible tags for you.
- Types can be annotated with the new syntax ``not nil`` to explicitly state
that ``nil`` is not allowed. However currently the compiler performs no
advanced static checking for this; for now it's merely for documentation
purposes.
- An ``export`` statement has been added to the language: It can be used for
symbol forwarding so client modules don't have to import a module's
dependencies explicitly.
- Overloading based on ASTs has been implemented.
- Generics are now supported for multi methods.
- Objects can be initialized via an *object constructor expression*.
- There is a new syntactic construct ``(;)`` unifying expressions and
statements.
- You can now use ``from module import nil`` if you want to import the module
but want to enforce fully qualified access to every symbol in ``module``.
Notes for the future
--------------------
- The scope rules of ``if`` statements will change in 0.9.4. This affects the
``=~`` pegs/re templates.
- The ``sockets`` module will become a low-level wrapper of OS-specific socket
functions. All the high-level features of the current ``sockets`` module
will be moved to a ``network`` module.
2012-09-23 Version 0.9.0 released
=================================
Summary
-------
* Unsigned integers have been added.
* The integer type promotion rules changed.
* The template and macro system evolved.
* Closures have been implemented.
* Term rewriting macros have been implemented.
* First steps to unify expressions and statements have been taken.
* Symbol lookup rules in generics have become stricter to catch more errors.
Bugfixes
--------
- Fixed a bug where the compiler would "optimize away" valid constant parts of
a string concatenation.
- Fixed a bug concerning implicit type conversions in ``case`` statements.
- Fixed a serious code generation bug that caused ``algorithm.sort`` to
produce segmentation faults.
- Fixed ambiguity in recvLine which meant that receiving ``\r\L`` was
indistinguishable from disconnections.
- Many more bugfixes, too many to list them all.
Library Additions
-----------------
- Added the (already existing) module ``htmlgen`` to the documentation.
- Added the (already existing) module ``cookies`` to the documentation.
- Added ``system.shallow`` that can be used to speed up string and sequence
assignments.
- Added ``system.eval`` that can execute an anonymous block of code at
compile time as if was a macro.
- Added ``system.staticExec`` and ``system.gorge`` for compile-time execution
of external programs.
- Added ``system.staticRead`` as a synonym for ``system.slurp``.
- Added ``macros.emit`` that can emit an arbitrary computed string as nimrod
code during compilation.
- Added ``strutils.parseEnum``.
- Added ``json.%`` constructor operator.
- The stdlib can now be avoided to a point where C code generation for 16bit
micro controllers is feasible.
- Added module ``oids``.
- Added module ``endians``.
- Added a new OpenGL wrapper that supports OpenGL up to version 4.2.
- Added a wrapper for ``libsvm``.
- Added a wrapper for ``mongodb``.
- Added ``terminal.isatty``.
- Added an overload for ``system.items`` that can be used to iterate over the
values of an enum.
- Added ``system.TInteger`` and ``system.TNumber`` type classes matching
any of the corresponding types available in Nimrod.
- Added ``system.clamp`` to limit a value within an interval ``[a, b]``.
- Added ``strutils.continuesWith``.
- Added ``system.getStackTrace``.
- Added ``system.||`` for parallel ``for`` loop support.
- The GC supports (soft) realtime systems via ``GC_setMaxPause``
and ``GC_step`` procs.
- The sockets module now supports ssl through the OpenSSL library, ``recvLine``
is now much more efficient thanks to the newly implemented sockets buffering.
- The httpclient module now supports ssl/tls.
- Added ``times.format`` as well as many other utility functions
for managing time.
- Added ``system.@`` for converting an ``openarray`` to a ``seq`` (it used to
only support fixed length arrays).
- Added ``system.compiles`` which can be used to check whether a type supports
some operation.
- Added ``strutils.format``, ``subexes.format`` which use the
new ``varargs`` type.
- Added module ``fsmonitor``.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- On Windows filenames and paths are supposed to be in UTF-8.
The ``system``, ``os``, ``osproc`` and ``memfiles`` modules use the wide
string versions of the WinAPI. Use the ``-d:useWinAnsi`` switch to revert
back to the old behaviour which uses the Ansi string versions.
- ``static``, ``do``, ``interface`` and ``mixin`` are now keywords.
- Templates now participate in overloading resolution which can break code that
uses templates in subtle ways. Use the new ``immediate`` pragma for templates
to get a template of old behaviour.
- There is now a proper distinction in the type system between ``expr`` and
``PNimrodNode`` which unfortunately breaks the old macro system.
- ``pegs.@`` has been renamed to ``pegs.!*`` and ``pegs.@@`` has been renamed
to ``pegs.!*\`` as ``@`` operators now have different precedence.
- The type ``proc`` (without any params or return type) is now considered a
type class matching all proc types. Use ``proc ()`` to get the old meaning
denoting a proc expecing no arguments and returing no value.
- Deprecated ``system.GC_setStrategy``.
- ``re.findAll`` and ``pegs.findAll`` don't return *captures* anymore but
matching *substrings*.
- RTTI and thus the ``marshall`` module don't contain the proper field names
of tuples anymore. This had to be changed as the old behaviour never
produced consistent results.
- Deprecated the ``ssl`` module.
- Deprecated ``nimrod pretty`` as it never worked good enough and has some
inherent problems.
- The integer promotion rules changed; the compiler is now less picky in some
situations and more picky in other situations: In particular implicit
conversions from ``int`` to ``int32`` are now forbidden.
- ``system.byte`` is now an alias for ``uint8``; it used to be an alias
to ``int8``.
- ``bind`` expressions in templates are not properly supported anymore. Use
the declarative ``bind`` statement instead.
- The default calling convention for a procedural **type** is now ``closure``,
for procs it remains ``nimcall`` (which is compatible to ``closure``).
Activate the warning ``ImplicitClosure`` to make the compiler list the
occurances of proc types which are affected.
- The Nimrod type system now distinguishes ``openarray`` from ``varargs``.
- Templates are now ``hygienic``. Use the ``dirty`` pragma to get the old
behaviour.
- Objects that have no ancestor are now implicitly ``final``. Use
the ``inheritable`` pragma to introduce new object roots apart
from ``TObject``.
- Macros now receive parameters like templates do; use the ``callsite`` builtin
to gain access to the invocation AST.
- Symbol lookup rules in generics have become stricter to catch more errors.
Compiler Additions
------------------
- Win64 is now an officially supported target.
- The Nimrod compiler works on BSD again, but has some issues
as ``os.getAppFilename`` and ``os.getAppDir`` cannot work reliably on BSD.
- The compiler can detect and evaluate calls that can be evaluated at compile
time for optimization purposes with the ``--implicitStatic`` command line
option or pragma.
- The compiler now generates marker procs that the GC can use instead of RTTI.
This speeds up the GC quite a bit.
- The compiler now includes a new advanced documentation generator
via the ``doc2`` command. This new generator uses all of the semantic passes
of the compiler and can thus generate documentation for symbols hiding in
macros.
- The compiler now supports the ``dynlib`` pragma for variables.
- The compiler now supports ``bycopy`` and ``byref`` pragmas that affect how
objects/tuples are passed.
- The embedded profiler became a stack trace profiler and has been documented.
Language Additions
------------------
- Added explicit ``static`` sections for enforced compile time evaluation.
- Added an alternative notation for lambdas with ``do``.
- ``addr`` is now treated like a prefix operator syntactically.
- Added ``global`` pragma that can be used to introduce new global variables
from within procs.
- ``when`` expressions are now allowed just like ``if`` expressions.
- The precedence for operators starting with ``@`` is different now
allowing for *sigil-like* operators.
- Stand-alone ``finally`` and ``except`` blocks are now supported.
- Macros and templates can now be invoked as pragmas.
- The apostrophe in type suffixes for numerical literals is now optional.
- Unsigned integer types have been added.
- The integer promotion rules changed.
- Nimrod now tracks proper intervals for ``range`` over some built-in operators.
- In parameter lists a semicolon instead of a comma can be used to improve
readability: ``proc divmod(a, b: int; resA, resB: var int)``.
- A semicolon can now be used to have multiple simple statements on a single
line: ``inc i; inc j``.
- ``bind`` supports overloaded symbols and operators.
- A ``distinct`` type can now borrow from generic procs.
- Added the pragmas ``gensym``, ``inject`` and ``dirty`` for hygiene
in templates.
- Comments can be continued with a backslash continuation character so that
comment pieces don't have to align on the same column.
- Enums can be annotated with ``pure`` so that their field names do not pollute
the current scope.
- A proc body can consist of an expression that has a type. This is rewritten
to ``result = expression`` then.
- Term rewriting macros (see `trmacros <http://nimrod-code.org/trmacros.html>`_)
have been implemented but are still in alpha.
2012-02-09 Version 0.8.14 released
==================================
Version 0.8.14 has been released!
Bugfixes
--------
- Fixed a serious memory corruption concerning message passing.
- Fixed a serious bug concerning different instantiations of a generic proc.
- Fixed a newly introduced bug where a wrong ``EIO`` exception was raised for
the end of file for text files that do not end with a newline.
- Bugfix c2nim, c2pas: the ``--out`` option has never worked properly.
- Bugfix: forwarding of generic procs never worked.
- Some more bugfixes for macros and compile-time evaluation.
- The GC now takes into account interior pointers on the stack which may be
introduced by aggressive C optimizers.
- Nimrod's native allocator/GC now works on PowerPC.
- Lots of other bugfixes: Too many to list them all.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- Removed deprecated ``os.AppendFileExt``, ``os.executeShellCommand``,
``os.iterOverEnvironment``, ``os.pcDirectory``, ``os.pcLinkToDirectory``,
``os.SplitPath``, ``os.extractDir``, ``os.SplitFilename``,
``os.extractFileTrunk``, ``os.extractFileExt``, ``osproc.executeProcess``,
``osproc.executeCommand``.
- Removed deprecated ``parseopt.init``, ``parseopt.getRestOfCommandLine``.
- Moved ``strutils.validEmailAddress`` to ``matchers.validEmailAddress``.
- The pointer dereference operator ``^`` has been removed, so that ``^``
can now be a user-defined operator.
- ``implies`` is no keyword anymore.
- The ``is`` operator is now the ``of`` operator.
- The ``is`` operator is now used to check type equivalence in generic code.
- The ``pure`` pragma for procs has been renamed to ``noStackFrame``.
- The threading API has been completely redesigned.
- The ``unidecode`` module is now thread-safe and its interface has changed.
- The ``bind`` expression is deprecated, use a ``bind`` declaration instead.
- ``system.raiseHook`` is now split into ``system.localRaiseHook`` and
``system.globalRaiseHook`` to distinguish between thread local and global
raise hooks.
- Changed exception handling/error reporting for ``os.removeFile`` and
``os.removeDir``.
- The algorithm for searching and loading configuration files has been changed.
- Operators now have diffent precedence rules: Assignment-like operators
(like ``*=``) are now special-cased.
- The fields in ``TStream`` have been renamed to have an ``Impl`` suffix
because they should not be used directly anymore.
Wrapper procs have been created that should be used instead.
- ``export`` is now a keyword.
- ``assert`` is now implemented in pure Nimrod as a template; it's easy
to implement your own assertion templates with ``system.astToStr``.
Language Additions
------------------
- Added new ``is`` and ``of`` operators.
- The built-in type ``void`` can be used to denote the absense of any type.
This is useful in generic code.
- Return types may be of the type ``var T`` to return an l-value.
- The error pragma can now be used to mark symbols whose *usage* should trigger
a compile-time error.
- There is a new ``discardable`` pragma that can be used to mark a routine
so that its result can be discarded implicitly.
- Added a new ``noinit`` pragma to prevent automatic initialization to zero
of variables.
- Constants can now have the type ``seq``.
- There is a new user-definable syntactic construct ``a{i, ...}``
that has no semantics yet for built-in types and so can be overloaded to your
heart's content.
- ``bind`` (used for symbol binding in templates and generics) is now a
declarative statement.
- Nimrod now supports single assignment variables via the ``let`` statement.
- Iterators named ``items`` and ``pairs`` are implicitly invoked when
an explicit iterator is missing.
- The slice assignment ``a[i..j] = b`` where ``a`` is a sequence or string
now supports *splicing*.
Compiler Additions
------------------
- The compiler can generate C++ code for easier interfacing with C++.
- The compiler can generate Objective C code for easier interfacing with
Objective C.
- The new pragmas ``importcpp`` and ``importobjc`` make interfacing with C++
and Objective C somewhat easier.
- Added a new pragma ``incompleteStruct`` to deal with incomplete C struct
definitions.
- Added a ``--nimcache:PATH`` configuration option for control over the output
directory for generated code.
- The ``--genScript`` option now produces different compilation scripts
which do not contain absolute paths.
- Added ``--cincludes:dir``, ``--clibdir:lib`` configuration options for
modifying the C compiler's header/library search path in cross-platform way.
- Added ``--clib:lib`` configuration option for specifying additional
C libraries to be linked.
- Added ``--mainmodule:file`` configuration options for specifying the main
project file. This is intended to be used in project configuration files to
allow commands like ``nimrod c`` or ``nimrod check`` to be executed anywhere
within the project's directory structure.
- Added a ``--app:staticlib`` option for creating static libraries.
- Added a ``--tlsEmulation:on|off`` switch for control over thread local
storage emulation.
- The compiler and standard library now support a *taint mode*. Input strings
are declared with the ``TaintedString`` string type. If the taint
mode is turned on it is a distinct string type which helps to detect input
validation errors.
- The compiler now supports the compilation cache via ``--symbolFiles:on``.
This potentially speeds up compilations by an order of magnitude, but is
still highly experimental!
- Added ``--import:file`` and ``--include:file`` configuration options
for specifying modules that will be automatically imported/incluced.
- ``nimrod i`` can now optionally be given a module to execute.
- The compiler now performs a simple alias analysis to generate better code.
- The compiler and ENDB now support *watchpoints*.
- The compiler now supports proper compile time expressions of type ``bool``
for ``on|off`` switches in pragmas. In order to not break existing code,
``on`` and ``off`` are now aliases for ``true`` and ``false`` and declared
in the system module.
- The compiler finally supports **closures**. This is a preliminary
implementation, which does not yet support nestings deeper than 1 level
and still has many known bugs.
Library Additions
-----------------
- Added ``system.allocShared``, ``system.allocShared0``,
``system.deallocShared``, ``system.reallocShared``.
- Slicing as implemented by the system module now supports *splicing*.
- Added explicit channels for thread communication.
- Added ``matchers`` module for email address etc. matching.
- Added ``strutils.unindent``, ``strutils.countLines``,
``strutils.replaceWord``.
- Added ``system.slurp`` for easy resource embedding.
- Added ``system.running`` for threads.
- Added ``system.programResult``.
- Added ``xmltree.innerText``.
- Added ``os.isAbsolute``, ``os.dynLibFormat``, ``os.isRootDir``,
``os.parentDirs``.
- Added ``parseutils.interpolatedFragments``.
- Added ``macros.treeRepr``, ``macros.lispRepr``, ``macros.dumpTree``,
``macros.dumpLisp``, ``macros.parseExpr``, ``macros.parseStmt``,
``macros.getAst``.
- Added ``locks`` core module for more flexible locking support.
- Added ``irc`` module.
- Added ``ftpclient`` module.
- Added ``memfiles`` module.
- Added ``subexes`` module.
- Added ``critbits`` module.
- Added ``asyncio`` module.
- Added ``actors`` module.
- Added ``algorithm`` module for generic ``sort``, ``reverse`` etc. operations.
- Added ``osproc.startCmd``, ``osproc.execCmdEx``.
- The ``osproc`` module now uses ``posix_spawn`` instead of ``fork``
and ``exec`` on Posix systems. Define the symbol ``useFork`` to revert to
the old implementation.
- Added ``intsets.assign``.
- Added ``system.astToStr`` and ``system.rand``, ``system.doAssert``.
- Added ``system.pairs`` for built-in types like arrays and strings.
2011-07-10 Version 0.8.12 released
==================================
Bugfixes
--------
- Bugfix: ``httpclient`` correct passes the path starting with ``/``.
- Bugfixes for the ``htmlparser`` module.
- Bugfix: ``pegs.find`` did not respect ``start`` parameter.
- Bugfix: ``dialogs.ChooseFilesToOpen`` did not work if only one file is
selected.
- Bugfix: niminst: ``nimrod`` is not default dir for *every* project.
- Bugfix: Multiple yield statements in iterators did not cause local vars to be
copied.
- Bugfix: The compiler does not emit very inaccurate floating point literals
anymore.
- Bugfix: Subclasses are taken into account for ``try except`` matching.
- Bugfix: Generics and macros are more stable. There are still known bugs left
though.
- Bugfix: Generated type information for tuples was sometimes wrong, causing
random crashes.
- Lots of other bugfixes: Too many to list them all.
Changes affecting backwards compatibility
-----------------------------------------
- Operators starting with ``^`` are now right-associative and have the highest
priority.
- Deprecated ``os.getApplicationFilename``: Use ``os.getAppFilename`` instead.
- Deprecated ``os.getApplicationDir``: Use ``os.getAppDir`` instead.