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## 因式分解.md

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因式分解

因式分解就是「乘法展开的逆运算」

1. 提公因式法 ( Factor out )

$27a^2b - 9ab^2 \Rightarrow 9ab(3a-b)$

2. 分组分解法 ( Grouping )

$$ \begin{aligned} &ax + ay + bx + by\hspace{100cm}\\ =\quad& (ax + ay) + (bx + by)\\ =\quad& a(x + y) + b(x + y)\\ =\quad& (x + y)(a + b) \end{aligned} $$

3. 十字相乘法 ( Cross-Method )

适用于二次三项:$ax^2 + bx + c$

$2x^2 + 5x - 3 \Rightarrow (2x-1)(x+3)$

4. 公式法 ( By Identities )

  • 平方差:$a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b)$
  • 完全平方:$(a\pm b)^2 = a^2 \pm 2ab + b^2$
  • 完全立方:$(a\pm b)^3 = a^3 \pm 3a^b + 3ab^2 \pm b^3$
  • 立方和:$a^3+b^3 = (a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)$
  • 立方差:$a^3-b^3 = (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)$

5. 拆项法 ( Splitting terms )

例如: $$ \begin{aligned} &x^3 - 7x + 6\hspace{100cm}\ =\quad& x^3 - x - 6x + 6\ =\quad& (x^3-x)-(6x-6)\ =\quad& x(x^2-1)-6(x-1)\ =\quad& x(x+1)(x-1)-6(x-1)\ =\quad& (x-1)(x^2+x-6)\ =\quad& (x-1)(x-2)(x+3) \end{aligned} $$

6. 添项法 ( Adding & Subtracting terms )

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7. 双十字相乘法 ( Cross-Method )

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8. 代换法 ( By substitution )

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9. 猜数字 ( Guess & Check )

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10. 待定系数法 ( Undetermined Coefficients )

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