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<p><em>AndroidStudio3.0刚刚发布两天,便迫不及待的升级了,升级前也明白这次的版本跨度较大,老项目可能存在很多的问题,没成想还是从中午折腾到了晚上十点.不过结果还不错,成功的跑起来了项目. 列出踩过的坑,希望后面要升级的小伙伴遇到类似的问题可以做个参考;</em></p>
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<h5 id="1-升级安装"><a href="#1-升级安装" class="headerlink" title="1.升级安装"></a>1.升级安装</h5><p>两种升级方法:</p>
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<li><p>直接用自带的更新工具<br> 操作步骤: >菜单栏>Help>Check for Updates..(前提网络要绝对的畅通,你懂的)<br> <img src="images/pasted-AS手动检查更新版本.png" alt="如图"></p>
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<li><p>手动的下载新的版本<br>下载地址<a href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/archive.html#android-studio-3-0?utm_source=androiddevtools.cn&utm_medium=website" target="_blank" rel="external">https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/archive.html#android-studio-3-0?utm_source=androiddevtools.cn&utm_medium=website</a></p>
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<h6 id="1-不使用字符串依赖-而是直接使用开源项目源码"><a href="#1-不使用字符串依赖-而是直接使用开源项目源码" class="headerlink" title="1.不使用字符串依赖,而是直接使用开源项目源码"></a>1.不使用字符串依赖,而是直接使用开源项目源码</h6><h6 id="2-使用aar库"><a href="#2-使用aar库" class="headerlink" title="2.使用aar库"></a>2.使用aar库</h6><h6 id="3-apk体积精简"><a href="#3-apk体积精简" class="headerlink" title="3.apk体积精简"></a>3.apk体积精简</h6><h6 id="4-结合git实现自动版本号"><a href="#4-结合git实现自动版本号" class="headerlink" title="4.结合git实现自动版本号"></a>4.结合git实现自动版本号</h6><h6 id="5-统一依赖库中的版本号"><a href="#5-统一依赖库中的版本号" class="headerlink" title="5.统一依赖库中的版本号"></a>5.统一依赖库中的版本号</h6><h6 id="6-依赖库BuildConfig中Debug字段失效问题处理"><a href="#6-依赖库BuildConfig中Debug字段失效问题处理" class="headerlink" title="6.依赖库BuildConfig中Debug字段失效问题处理"></a>6.依赖库BuildConfig中Debug字段失效问题处理</h6><h6 id="7-生成release或debug的apk文件追加信息"><a href="#7-生成release或debug的apk文件追加信息" class="headerlink" title="7.生成release或debug的apk文件追加信息"></a>7.生成release或debug的apk文件追加信息</h6><h6 id="8-生成多渠道包"><a href="#8-生成多渠道包" class="headerlink" title="8.生成多渠道包"></a>8.生成多渠道包</h6>
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<a class="article-title" href="/Blog/2017/09/07/Studio2-2中基本配置和使用/">JNI在Android Studio2.2中基本配置和使用</a>
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<h3 id="1-是什么"><a href="#1-是什么" class="headerlink" title="1.是什么?"></a>1.是什么?</h3><p>1.JNI (Java Native Interface) 它允许Java代码和其他语言写的代码进行交互。JNI 是本地编程接口，它使得在 Java 虚拟机 (VM) 内部运行的 Java 代码能够与用其它编程语言(如 C、C++ 和汇编语言)编写的应用程序和库进行交互操作。<br>由于Android的应用层的类都是以Java写的，这些Java类编译为Dex型式的Bytecode之后，必须靠Dalvik虚拟机(VM: Virtual Machine)来执行。</p>
<p> 2.NDK<br>Native Develop Kit(本地开发工具包),类似于JDK;只是一套工具，它可以帮助开发者在android开发中，它使用的是JNI机制.</p>
<p> 3.两者的区别<br>JNI Java Native Interface <strong>java调用本地接口 的技术名词</strong><br>NDK Native Developer Kit <strong>谷歌给开发人员的工具包</strong></p>
<p><br></p>
<h3 id="2-使用ndkBuilder进行项目的构建"><a href="#2-使用ndkBuilder进行项目的构建" class="headerlink" title="2.使用ndkBuilder进行项目的构建"></a>2.使用ndkBuilder进行项目的构建</h3><ul>
<li><strong>1. 下载ndk(已装,略过)</strong><br><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1868359-9a1c080319c82bb9.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/520" alt="ndk下载.png"><br><strong>进入项目设置界面</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1868359-488651ab5b6c22fe.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/520" alt="20160531123154969.png"><br><strong>没有安装的话,直接Download即可,PS.在最终安装的时候会卡很长时间,耐心等待安装完成</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>2. 配置app,build.gradle文件</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>在app的build.gradle中,也就是要运行的项目中的build.gradle文件中的defaultConfig节点中增加<figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ndk {</div><div class="line"> moduleName <span class="string">"NdkJniDemo"</span> <span class="comment">//生成的so名字</span></div><div class="line"> ldLibs <span class="string">"log"</span>, <span class="string">"z"</span>, <span class="string">"m"</span> <span class="comment">//添加依赖库文件，因为有log打印等//非必填加项</span></div><div class="line"> abiFilters <span class="string">"armeabi"</span>, <span class="string">"armeabi-v7a"</span>, <span class="string">"x86"</span> <span class="comment">//输出指定三种abi体系结构下的so库，目前可有可无。//不填写则生成所有</span></div><div class="line"> }</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p><strong>3. 创建本地需要创建调用C的代码,这里使用一个获取字符串的方法为例</strong><br>新建一个工具类JniUtils,使用C获取一个字符串,然后展示到一个</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JniUtils</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> String <span class="title">getStringFormC</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</div><div class="line"> ...可以有很多的<span class="keyword">native</span>代码</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong> 使用native关键字,表示调用本地的方法,该方法可以使用C/C++语言来实现</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>4. 生成.h,C/C++的头文件(熟悉C的知道,可以没有头文件,头文件只是定义类中所有方法(C中没有类的概念))</strong><ol>
<li>build或rebuild或clear一下程序之后,会在build/intermediates/classes/debug目录中生成项目中的所有的class文件,<br><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1868359-d206b645febdea15.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="class文件路径.png"></li>
<li>命令行进入debug目录cd <路径></li>
<li>编译指令<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">javah -jni com.wobiancao.ndkjnidemo.ndk.JniUtils</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>注意 这里javah -jni后面跟的是JniUtils类的全路径，如果javah报不存在之 类的，是你的java环境没有配置好。</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>5. 编译过后会在debug目录下生成一个.h的文件,它的命名方式会很长,基本 是全路径的命名方式</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">jonathanhsia_com_ndktest_utils_JniUtils.h</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>6. 拷贝文件到项目中的main/jni目录下,如果没有直接创建即可</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>7. 编写C的方法实现</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>在jni目录下新建C/C++文件,引用头文件,复写其中的java要调用的C/C++方法,返回一个字符串,</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><strong>8. 在JniUtils中静态导入C/C++所生成的so包</strong><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> {</div><div class="line"> System.loadLibrary(<span class="string">"NdkJniDemo"</span>);<span class="comment">//之前在build.gradle里面设置的so名字，必须一致</span></div><div class="line"> }</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>此时run之后java代码即可以调用到用C/C++实现的代码了</strong></p>
<p>“PS. 在run之后,会在build/intermediates/ndk/debug/lib目录下会出现在build.gradle中配置的三种cpu架构的so包,此时删除jni目录中的源码,将这些so包直接的拷入到项目中就可以直接的使用了”</p>
<p><strong>遇到的坑</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>C/C++不能格式化代码,否则会出现,编译通过(可能编译出错,但是没有阻止运行),运行不了,报出找不到so包的异常</li>
<li><p>首次run的时候可能报出 </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Error: NDK integration is d eprecated in the current plugin. Consider trying the new experimental plugin. For details, see http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/gradle-experimental. Set "android.useDeprecatedNdk=true" in gradle.properties to continue using the current NDK integration.</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样的错误,按照里面的提示在gradle.properties文件中增加android.useDeprecatedNdk=true字段即可</p>
</li>
<li><strong>不支持intant run</strong></li>
<li>两个c同时实现h中的方法,会报错,不允许,逻辑上也是不允许;</li>
<li>JniUtils的位置不能够随便已经,因为和C/C++文件中是一一对应的引用关系</li>
</ol>
<p><br></p>
<h3 id="3-使用cmake进行项目的构建"><a href="#3-使用cmake进行项目的构建" class="headerlink" title="3.使用cmake进行项目的构建"></a>3.使用cmake进行项目的构建</h3><ul>
<li><strong> 1. cmake编辑功能是android studio 2.2才支持的新功能;目的是简化jni的开发过程,使用studio2.2新建项目的话,会有相应的让你勾选使用cmake </strong></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1868359-1a7efb11460f8b8e.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/520" alt="1474439172560.png"></p>
<p><img src="http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/1868359-8fc9b325d79ba95f.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/520" alt="1474439229866.png"></p>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>2.当勾选了include C++ Support时,在创建项目的时候,会多出如上界面,选择C/C++的标准,此处的设置在app的build.gradle中的defaultConfig会增加设置</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"> externalNativeBuild {</div><div class="line"> cmake {</div><div class="line"> cppFlags <span class="string">"-frtti -fexceptions"</span><span class="comment">//这个标记是第一个选项,如果使用C++11的标准,则使用</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//cppFlags "-std=c++11"</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>3.在build.gradle中的android节点下面会增加配置,指定生成so文件配置文件的路径</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">externalNativeBuild {</div><div class="line"> cmake {</div><div class="line"> path <span class="string">"CMakeLists.txt"</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>4.创建需要调用C/C++代码的java代码,和ndkBuilder相同</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JniUtils</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> String <span class="title">getStrFromC2</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>5.在项目中src/main/中创建cpp目录,里面可以直接的创建cpp源代码,和ndkBuild一样,用C/C++所写的源代码中的方法名称必须是全路径的方法名,然后以Java开头,分割使用下划线.</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><jni.h></span></span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span> <span class="meta-string"><string></span></span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="string">"C"</span></div><div class="line">jstring</div><div class="line">Java_com_ndkcmaketestapp_utils_JniUtils_getStrFromC2(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">std</span>::<span class="built_in">string</span> hello = <span class="string">"Hello from C++ Two!"</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>6.CMakeLists.txt文件中的具体配置</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">cmake_minimum_required(VERSION <span class="number">3.4</span>.<span class="number">1</span>) #指定cmake版本</div><div class="line">add_library(form SHARED src<span class="regexp">/main/</span>cpp<span class="regexp">/form.cpp) #hello是生成的so文件的名称,要和cpp文件的名称相同</span></div><div class="line"><span class="regexp">target_link_libraries(hello log android) # 此处增加了,日志的链接库</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>7.在java代码中增加引用so库的代码,使代码生效</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JniUtils</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> {</div><div class="line"> System.loadLibrary(<span class="string">"form"</span>);<span class="comment">//此处的form库的名称需要和CMakeLists.txt中配置的相同</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> String <span class="title">getStrFromC2</span><span class="params">()</span></span>;</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>8.在run成功之后,会在build目录的上方增加.externalNativeBuild目录,其中.externalNativeBuild/cmake/debug/obj包含所有生成的so包,同样的拷贝到项目中的jniLibs就可以直接的使用</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>CMake的优势</p>
<ul>
<li>1.可以直接的在C/C++代码中加入断点,进行调试</li>
<li>2.java引用的C/C++中的方法,可以直接<code>ctrl+左键</code>进入</li>
<li>3.对于include的头文件,或者库,也可以直接的进入</li>
<li>4.不需要配置命令行操作,手动的生成头文件,不需要配置<code>android.useDeprecatedNdk=true</code>属性</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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