Added Whitespace and Docstring (TheAlgorithms#924)

* Added Whitespace and Docstring

I modified the file to make Pylint happier and make the code more readable.

* Beautified Code and Added Docstring

I modified the file to make Pylint happier and make the code more readable.

* Added DOCSTRINGS, Wikipedia link, and whitespace

I added DOCSTRINGS and whitespace to make the code more readable and understandable.

* Improved Formatting

* Wrapped comments
* Fixed spelling error for `movement` variable
* Added DOCSTRINGs

* Improved Formatting

* Corrected whitespace to improve readability.
* Added docstrings.
* Made comments fit inside an 80 column layout.

Author: PatOnTheBack

arithmetic_analysis/lu_decomposition.py

@@ -1,32 +1,36 @@
+"""Lower-Upper (LU) Decomposition."""
+
 # lower–upper (LU) decomposition - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition
 import numpy
 
-def LUDecompose (table):
+
+def LUDecompose(table):
     # Table that contains our data
     # Table has to be a square array so we need to check first
-    rows,columns=numpy.shape(table)
-    L=numpy.zeros((rows,columns))
-    U=numpy.zeros((rows,columns))
-    if rows!=columns:
+    rows, columns = numpy.shape(table)
+    L = numpy.zeros((rows, columns))
+    U = numpy.zeros((rows, columns))
+    if rows != columns:
         return []
-    for i in range (columns):
-        for j in range(i-1):
-            sum=0
-            for k in range (j-1):
-                sum+=L[i][k]*U[k][j]
-            L[i][j]=(table[i][j]-sum)/U[j][j]
-        L[i][i]=1
-        for j in range(i-1,columns):
-            sum1=0
-            for k in range(i-1):
-                sum1+=L[i][k]*U[k][j]
-            U[i][j]=table[i][j]-sum1
-    return L,U
+    for i in range(columns):
+        for j in range(i - 1):
+            sum = 0
+            for k in range(j - 1):
+                sum += L[i][k] * U[k][j]
+            L[i][j] = (table[i][j] - sum) / U[j][j]
+        L[i][i] = 1
+        for j in range(i - 1, columns):
+            sum1 = 0
+            for k in range(i - 1):
+                sum1 += L[i][k] * U[k][j]
+            U[i][j] = table[i][j] - sum1
+    return L, U
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    matrix =numpy.array([[2,-2,1],
-                         [0,1,2],
-                         [5,3,1]])
-    L,U = LUDecompose(matrix)
+    matrix = numpy.array([[2, -2, 1],
+                          [0, 1, 2],
+                          [5, 3, 1]])
+    L, U = LUDecompose(matrix)
     print(L)
     print(U)

arithmetic_analysis/newton_method.py

@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
+"""Newton's Method."""
+
 # Newton's Method - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method
 
-def newton(function,function1,startingInt): #function is the f(x) and function1 is the f'(x)
-  x_n=startingInt
-  while True:
-      x_n1=x_n-function(x_n)/function1(x_n)
-      if abs(x_n-x_n1) < 10**-5:
-          return x_n1
-      x_n=x_n1
-      
+
+# function is the f(x) and function1 is the f'(x)
+def newton(function, function1, startingInt):
+    x_n = startingInt
+    while True:
+        x_n1 = x_n - function(x_n) / function1(x_n)
+        if abs(x_n - x_n1) < 10**-5:
+            return x_n1
+        x_n = x_n1
+
+
 def f(x):
-    return (x**3) - (2 * x) -5
+    return (x**3) - (2 * x) - 5
+
 
 def f1(x):
-    return 3 * (x**2) -2
+    return 3 * (x**2) - 2
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print(newton(f,f1,3))
+    print(newton(f, f1, 3))

maths/Hanoi.py

@@ -1,24 +1,29 @@
+"""Tower of Hanoi."""
+
 # @author willx75
-# Tower of Hanoi recursion game algorithm is a game, it consists of three rods and a number of disks of different sizes, which can slide onto any rod
+# Tower of Hanoi recursion game algorithm is a game, it consists of three rods
+# and a number of disks of different sizes, which can slide onto any rod
 
 import logging
 
 log = logging.getLogger()
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
 
 
-def Tower_Of_Hanoi(n, source, dest, by, mouvement):
+def Tower_Of_Hanoi(n, source, dest, by, movement):
+    """Tower of Hanoi - Move plates to different rods."""
     if n == 0:
         return n
     elif n == 1:
-        mouvement += 1
-        # no print statement (you could make it an optional flag for printing logs)
+        movement += 1
+        # no print statement
+        # (you could make it an optional flag for printing logs)
         logging.debug('Move the plate from', source, 'to', dest)
-        return mouvement
+        return movement
     else:
 
-        mouvement = mouvement + Tower_Of_Hanoi(n-1, source, by, dest, 0)
+        movement = movement + Tower_Of_Hanoi(n - 1, source, by, dest, 0)
         logging.debug('Move the plate from', source, 'to', dest)
 
-        mouvement = mouvement + 1 + Tower_Of_Hanoi(n-1, by, dest, source, 0)
-        return mouvement
+        movement = movement + 1 + Tower_Of_Hanoi(n - 1, by, dest, source, 0)
+        return movement

maths/abs.py

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+"""Absolute Value."""
+
+
 def absVal(num):
     """
-    Function to fins absolute value of numbers.
+    Find the absolute value of a number.
+
     >>absVal(-5)
     5
     >>absVal(0)
@@ -11,8 +15,11 @@ def absVal(num):
     else:
         return num
 
+
 def main():
-    print(absVal(-34)) # = 34
+    """Print absolute value of -34."""
+    print(absVal(-34))  # = 34
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()

maths/average.py

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
+"""Find mean of a list of numbers."""
+
+
 def average(nums):
+    """Find mean of a list of numbers."""
     sum = 0
     for x in nums:
-      sum += x
+        sum += x
     avg = sum / len(nums)
     print(avg)
     return avg
 
+
 def main():
-  average([2, 4, 6, 8, 20, 50, 70])
+    """Call average module to find mean of a specific list of numbers."""
+    average([2, 4, 6, 8, 20, 50, 70])
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-  main()
+    main()

maths/find_lcm.py

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
+"""Find Least Common Multiple."""
+
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_common_multiple
+
+
 def find_lcm(num_1, num_2):
+    """Find the LCM of two numbers."""
     max = num_1 if num_1 > num_2 else num_2
     lcm = max
     while (True):
@@ -9,6 +15,7 @@ def find_lcm(num_1, num_2):
 
 
 def main():
+    """Use test numbers to run the find_lcm algorithm."""
     num_1 = 12
     num_2 = 76
     print(find_lcm(num_1, num_2))

sorts/bucket_sort.py

@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Illustrate how to implement bucket sort algorithm."""
+
 # Author: OMKAR PATHAK
 # This program will illustrate how to implement bucket sort algorithm
 
-# Wikipedia says: Bucket sort, or bin sort, is a sorting algorithm that works by distributing the
-# elements of an array into a number of buckets. Each bucket is then sorted individually, either using
-# a different sorting algorithm, or by recursively applying the bucket sorting algorithm. It is a
-# distribution sort, and is a cousin of radix sort in the most to least significant digit flavour.
-# Bucket sort is a generalization of pigeonhole sort. Bucket sort can be implemented with comparisons
-# and therefore can also be considered a comparison sort algorithm. The computational complexity estimates
-# involve the number of buckets.
+# Wikipedia says: Bucket sort, or bin sort, is a sorting algorithm that works
+# by distributing the elements of an array into a number of buckets.
+# Each bucket is then sorted individually, either using a different sorting
+# algorithm, or by recursively applying the bucket sorting algorithm. It is a
+# distribution sort, and is a cousin of radix sort in the most to least
+# significant digit flavour.
+# Bucket sort is a generalization of pigeonhole sort. Bucket sort can be
+# implemented with comparisons and therefore can also be considered a
+# comparison sort algorithm. The computational complexity estimates involve the
+# number of buckets.
 
 #  Time Complexity of Solution:
 #  Best Case O(n); Average Case O(n); Worst Case O(n)
 
-DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE=5
+DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE = 5
+
 
 def bucket_sort(my_list, bucket_size=DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE):
     if len(my_list) == 0:
@@ -24,12 +31,14 @@ def bucket_sort(my_list, bucket_size=DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE):
     buckets = [[] for _ in range(int(bucket_count))]
 
     for i in range(len(my_list)):
-        buckets[int((my_list[i] - min_value) // bucket_size)].append(my_list[i])
+        buckets[int((my_list[i] - min_value) // bucket_size)
+                ].append(my_list[i])
 
     return sorted([buckets[i][j] for i in range(len(buckets))
-                                 for j in range(len(buckets[i]))])
+                   for j in range(len(buckets[i]))])
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     user_input = input('Enter numbers separated by a comma:').strip()
     unsorted = [float(n) for n in user_input.split(',') if len(user_input) > 0]
-    print(bucket_sort(unsorted))
+    print(bucket_sort(unsorted))

sorts/gnome_sort.py

@@ -1,29 +1,31 @@
+"""Gnome Sort Algorithm."""
+
 from __future__ import print_function
 
+
 def gnome_sort(unsorted):
-    """
-    Pure implementation of the gnome sort algorithm in Python.
-    """
+    """Pure implementation of the gnome sort algorithm in Python."""
     if len(unsorted) <= 1:
         return unsorted
-        
+
     i = 1
-    
+
     while i < len(unsorted):
-        if unsorted[i-1] <= unsorted[i]:
+        if unsorted[i - 1] <= unsorted[i]:
             i += 1
         else:
-            unsorted[i-1], unsorted[i] = unsorted[i], unsorted[i-1]
+            unsorted[i - 1], unsorted[i] = unsorted[i], unsorted[i - 1]
             i -= 1
             if (i == 0):
                 i = 1
-                
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     try:
         raw_input          # Python 2
     except NameError:
         raw_input = input  # Python 3
-    
+
     user_input = raw_input('Enter numbers separated by a comma:\n').strip()
     unsorted = [int(item) for item in user_input.split(',')]
     gnome_sort(unsorted)

sorts/tests.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Test Sort Algorithms for Errors."""
+
 from bogo_sort import bogo_sort
 from bubble_sort import bubble_sort
 from bucket_sort import bucket_sort
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@
     TODO:
     - Fix some broken tests in particular cases (as [] for example),
     - Unify the input format: should always be function(input_collection) (no additional args)
-    - Unify the output format: should always be a collection instead of updating input elements
-      and returning None
+    - Unify the output format: should always be a collection instead of
+    updating input elements and returning None
     - Rewrite some algorithms in function format (in case there is no function definition)
 '''
 
@@ -71,4 +73,4 @@
 for function in TEST_FUNCTIONS:
     for case in TEST_CASES:
         result = function(case['input'])
-        assert result  == case['expected'], 'Executed function: {}, {} != {}'.format(function.__name__, result, case['expected'])
+        assert result == case['expected'], 'Executed function: {}, {} != {}'.format(function.__name__, result, case['expected'])

sorts/topological_sort.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Topological Sort."""
+
 from __future__ import print_function
 #     a
 #    / \
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ def topological_sort(start, visited, sort):
     # return sort
     return sort
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     sort = topological_sort('a', [], [])
     print(sort)

sorts/tree_sort.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-# Tree_sort algorithm
-# Build a BST and in order traverse.
+"""
+Tree_sort algorithm.
+
+Build a BST and in order traverse.
+"""
+
 
 class node():
     # BST data structure
     def __init__(self, val):
         self.val = val
-        self.left = None 
-        self.right = None 
-    
-    def insert(self,val):
+        self.left = None
+        self.right = None
+
+    def insert(self, val):
         if self.val:
             if val < self.val:
                 if self.left is None:
@@ -23,24 +27,27 @@ def insert(self,val):
         else:
             self.val = val
 
+
 def inorder(root, res):
-    # Recursive travesal 
+    # Recursive travesal
     if root:
-        inorder(root.left,res)
+        inorder(root.left, res)
         res.append(root.val)
-        inorder(root.right,res)
+        inorder(root.right, res)
+
 
 def tree_sort(arr):
     # Build BST
     if len(arr) == 0:
         return arr
     root = node(arr[0])
-    for i in range(1,len(arr)):
+    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
         root.insert(arr[i])
-    # Traverse BST in order. 
+    # Traverse BST in order.
     res = []
-    inorder(root,res)
+    inorder(root, res)
     return res
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print(tree_sort([10,1,3,2,9,14,13]))
+    print(tree_sort([10, 1, 3, 2, 9, 14, 13]))

sorts/wiggle_sort.py

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 """
-Given an unsorted array nums, reorder it such that nums[0] < nums[1] > nums[2] < nums[3]....  
+Wiggle Sort.
+
+Given an unsorted array nums, reorder it such
+that nums[0] < nums[1] > nums[2] < nums[3]....
 For example:
-if input numbers = [3, 5, 2, 1, 6, 4] 
+if input numbers = [3, 5, 2, 1, 6, 4]
 one possible Wiggle Sorted answer is [3, 5, 1, 6, 2, 4].
 """
+
+
 def wiggle_sort(nums):
+    """Perform Wiggle Sort."""
     for i in range(len(nums)):
-        if (i % 2 == 1) == (nums[i-1] > nums[i]):
-            nums[i-1], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[i-1]
+        if (i % 2 == 1) == (nums[i - 1] > nums[i]):
+            nums[i - 1], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[i - 1]
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     print("Enter the array elements:\n")
-    array=list(map(int,input().split()))
+    array = list(map(int, input().split()))
     print("The unsorted array is:\n")
     print(array)
     wiggle_sort(array)