Sometimes you might like to add additional urls or "routes" to your project. For instance you could make a password protected dashboard to visualize your data as it comes in, add additional functionality to your psiturk experiment, or add more complex server-side computations (e.g., fitting a computational model to the subject in real time and using that to adapt the stimuli people view).
This can be achieved by using Flask Blueprints.
psiTurk will look for a file called custom.py in the project directory, and
import any blueprint from that module named custom_code. See below for examples.
It is hard to use the main task to directly modify the database. However, you may use custom.py file with a function called compute_bonus to put the correct amount of bonus in the database. You could do this in Javascript perhaps but the problem is that participants can modify the javascript in their browser and increase their bonus. Instead it is better if bonuses are computed on the server side. The custom.py script may look like the following:
from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, jsonify, abort, current_app
# dealing with error
from psiturk.experiment_errors import ExperimentError
# Database setup
from psiturk.db import db_session, init_db
from psiturk.models import Participant
# dealing with json like reading from database
from json import dumps, loads
# explore the Blueprint
custom_code = Blueprint('custom_code', __name__, template_folder='templates', static_folder='static')
#----------------------------------------------
# example computing bonus
#----------------------------------------------
@custom_code.route('/compute_bonus', methods=['GET'])
def compute_bonus():
# check that user provided the correct keys
# errors will not be that gracefull here if being
# accessed by the Javascrip client
if not 'uniqueId' in request.args:
# i don't like returning HTML to JSON requests... maybe should change this
raise ExperimentError('improper_inputs')
uniqueId = request.args['uniqueId']
try:
# lookup user in database
user = Participant.query.\
filter(Participant.uniqueid == uniqueId).\
one()
user_data = loads(user.datastring) # load datastring from JSON
bonus = 0
for record in user_data['data']: # for line in data file
trial = record['trialdata']
if trial['phase'] == 'TEST':
if trial['hit'] == True:
bonus += 0.02
user.bonus = bonus
db_session.add(user)
db_session.commit()
resp = {"bonusComputed": "success"}
return jsonify(**resp)
except:
abort(404) # again, bad to display HTML, but...Accordingly, in the main task file task.js, you would call this function with the computeBonus function. Add a piece of the code at the end of your experiment:
psiTurk.computeBonus("compute_bonus", function () {
psiTurk.completeHIT(); // when finished saving compute bonus, the quit
});Now let's walk through some key points of this process.
from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template, jsonify, abort, current_appThe key player in customizing is the flask package. It helps you run a webserver (HTTP server) .
custom_code = Blueprint('custom_code', __name__, template_folder='templates', static_folder='static')Here we create a Blueprint object. Blueprint is an organizing tool. Here what's important for us is to specify the location template folder and static folder which may be used, for example, when you wanna display a HTML file.
@custom_code.route('/compute_bonus', methods=['GET'])The first argument in route is the URL that when is called will run the
function right below it. For example, if you are running your task locally on
port 5000, then type in http://localhost:5000/compute_bonus, which will call
the function compute_bonus defined right below. The methods argument is
defining the information flow communicating with this function -- it will "get"
information from outside.
BTW, in case you are wondering, the @ in front of this line is called
"decorator". It uses the current line (in our case, the route function) to
"decorate" the function right below it. A helpful tutorial that further explains
this concept is here.
def compute_bonus():
if not 'uniqueId' in request.args:
# i don't like returning HTML to JSON requests... maybe should change this
raise ExperimentError('improper_inputs')
uniqueId = request.args['uniqueId']Here we use request to receive the information sent from javascript. In our case it's taken care by the computeBonus function. Looking into computeBonus to see where that "uniqueID" comes from:
self.computeBonus = function(url, callback) {
$.ajax(url, {
type: "GET",
data: {uniqueId: self.taskdata.id},
success: callback
});
};As mentioned before, the url is the route name; the data is a dictionary with
one key named "uniqueID", which is being looked for in the python
compute_bonus function.
Now let's coming back to the compute_bonus function:
try:
# lookup user in database
user = Participant.query.\
filter(Participant.uniqueid == uniqueId).\
one()
user_data = loads(user.datastring) # load datastring from JSONNow the database kicks in. We've created a user object which we will be able to read all data about this user that has been saved in the database, as well as write something.
bonus = 0
for record in user_data['data']: # for line in data file
trial = record['trialdata']
if trial['phase'] == 'TEST':
if trial['hit'] == True:
bonus += 0.02Now we calculate bonus by checking how many trials are correct.
user.bonus = bonus
db_session.add(user)
db_session.commit()We assign value for the "bonus" column of this user and commit to the database. This will enable psiturk to give bonus.
resp = {"bonusComputed": "success"}
return jsonify(**resp)Finally, we give this call-back message to the original query source, which is
our psiTurk.computeBonus function. Trip is done, hurray!!
It is loaded as a module when the psiturk server starts (called by psiturk/experiment.py). That is to say, you'd need to restart psiTurk whenever you've made some change of this script!
A route is a URL served on the server. We need it because it is impossible for javascript to run python script (or any local files) directly. But you don't have to call from javascript -- equally, just access the address like http://localhost:5000/my_route in your browser!
(Note if my_route is expecting to receive arguments, like the participant ID,
then the url becomes like http://localhost:5000/my_route?id=12345.)
In the example above, we used the built-in function of computeBonus to call
the custom route. Of course you can customize your own call for your favorite
route, especially specifying the data sent to it. The key helper is
ajax which is a jquery API. Add a call
in your task.js that looks like this:
$.ajax("my_route",{
type: "GET",
data: {id: myid, data:mydata},
success: function (response) {
console.log(response)
}
});Note the type argument should be consistent with what your route function
wants (usually either "GET" or "POST"). The data argument is usually a
dictionary.
Debugging custom.py is tricky since the error message won't just appear in your browser console. You will most likely see an "5000 internal error" which just means there is bug when calling your route. You may, however, try the following:
- Find your error message at server.log, which is automatically generated in your current psiturk folder and will record the error messages. This is usually the most informative tool.
- Print messages within your python function, which will appear in the psiturk shell.
- If you are not sure the route is being called, return some error message that will show in your browser (go to your browser with http://localhost:5000/my_route)