Benchmarks

created for SpeedyWeather.jl v0.9.0 on Tue, 02 Apr 2024 14:05:51.

All simulations have been benchmarked over several seconds (wallclock time) without output. Benchmarking excludes initialization and is started just before the main time loop and finishes right after. The benchmarking results here are not very robust, timings that change with +-50% are not uncommon. Proper benchmarking for performance optimization uses the minimum or median of many executions, while we run a simulation for several time steps which effectively represents the mean, susceptible to outliers that slow down the simulation. However, this is what a user will experience in most situations anyway and the following therefore presents a rough idea of how fast a SpeedyWeather simulation will run, and how much memory it requires.

Machine details

All benchmark simulation were single-threaded on a CPU:

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.10.2
Commit bd47eca2c8a (2024-03-01 10:14 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (x86_64-apple-darwin22.4.0)
  CPU: 8 × Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1030NG7 CPU @ 1.10GHz
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LIBM: libopenlibm
  LLVM: libLLVM-15.0.7 (ORCJIT, icelake-client)
Threads: 1 default, 0 interactive, 1 GC (on 8 virtual cores)
Environment:
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /Users/milan/.julia/conda/3/lib:

Explanation

Abbreviations in the tables below are as follows, omitted columns use defaults.

• NF: Number format, default: Float32
• T: Spectral resolution, maximum degree of spherical harmonics, default: T31
• L: Number of vertical layers, default: 8 (for 3D models)
• Grid: Horizontal grid, default: OctahedralGaussianGrid
• Rings: Grid-point resolution, number of latitude rings pole to pole
• Dynamics: With dynamics?, default: true
• Physics: With physical parameterizations?, default: true (for primitive equation models)
• Δt: time step [s].
• SYPD: Speed of simulation, simulated years per wallclock day.
• Memory: Memory footprint of simulation, variables and constants.

Running the benchmarks

The benchmark suite here can be reproduced by executing:

> julia manual_benchmarking.jl

inside the SpeedyWeather.jl/benchmark folder. It will create this README.md which can be pushed to the repository for updates or comparison.

Models, default setups

Model	T	L	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
BarotropicModel	31	1	false	1800	19349	1.22 MB
ShallowWaterModel	31	1	false	1800	10195	1.24 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	31	8	true	1800	530	3.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	true	1800	399	4.28 MB

Grids

Model	T	L	Grid	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	FullGaussianGrid	96	900	35	22.50 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	FullClenshawGrid	95	900	34	22.29 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	OctahedralGaussianGrid	96	900	45	15.34 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	OctahedralClenshawGrid	95	900	54	15.12 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	HEALPixGrid	95	900	77	11.46 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	OctaHEALPixGrid	95	900	56	13.67 MB

Primitive wet model, resolution

Model	T	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	48	1800	378	4.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	42	8	64	1350	161	7.22 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	63	8	96	900	47	15.34 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	85	8	128	675	20	26.73 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	127	8	192	450	6	59.10 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	170	8	256	338	2	105.37 MB

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only

Model	T	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	true	true	1800	322	4.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	true	false	1800	587	4.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	false	true	1800	527	4.28 MB

Shallow water model, resolution

Model	T	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
ShallowWaterModel	31	1	48	1800	9402	1.24 MB
ShallowWaterModel	42	1	64	1350	4034	2.13 MB
ShallowWaterModel	63	1	96	900	1132	4.71 MB
ShallowWaterModel	85	1	128	675	415	8.45 MB
ShallowWaterModel	127	1	192	450	105	19.60 MB
ShallowWaterModel	170	1	256	338	39	36.41 MB
ShallowWaterModel	255	1	384	225	9	89.44 MB

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64

Model	NF	T	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	Float32	31	8	1800	317	4.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	Float64	31	8	1800	343	8.03 MB

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only

Model	T	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveDryModel	31	8	true	true	1800	462	3.95 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	31	8	true	false	1800	657	3.95 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	31	8	false	true	1800	683	3.95 MB

Number of vertical layers

Model	T	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	31	4	1800	583	2.92 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	8	1800	345	4.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	12	1800	217	5.65 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	31	16	1800	186	7.03 MB