ESQL: investigate Exceptions unwrapping in API

[bpintea]

Description

ESQL wraps currently exceptions bubbled from downstream (afte change). We should look into ways of reverting this behavior, which would allow more accurate monitoring of the infrastructure and better pinpointing of failures.

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-analytical-engine (Team:Analytics)

[bpintea]

After further consideration, the wrapping should remain in place, since it can be the only logged trace of an ESQL request failure. Without it, one would need to run ES on debug logging to get an indication of what's wrong.
The log message produced by the listener could be modified to make it a bit more obvious that the failure is handled by it. But otherwise, the logging is as complete as Logger#log(..., Throwable) can make it.

For a NoShardAvailableActionException failure, the listener is fed by fieldcaps with an instantiated exception, so there is practically no stack trace:

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "no_shard_available_action_exception",
                "reason": "index [test2] has no active shard copy",
                "stack_trace": "org.elasticsearch.action.NoShardAvailableActionException: index [test2] has no active shard copy\n"
            }
        ],
        "type": "no_shard_available_action_exception",
        "reason": "index [test2] has no active shard copy",
        "stack_trace": "org.elasticsearch.action.NoShardAvailableActionException: index [test2] has no active shard copy\n"
    },
    "status": 503
}

producing a log entry:

[2025-01-14T18:00:34,700][WARN ][o.e.x.e.a.EsqlResponseListener] [runTask-0] Request failed with status [SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE]: org.elasticsearch.action.NoShardAvailableActionException: index [test2] has no active shard copy

But as a different example, a bug such as the query in #119950, produces a more verbose log entry:

[2025-01-14T23:49:50,082][DEBUG][o.e.x.e.a.EsqlResponseListener] [runTask-0] Request failed with status [BAD_REQUEST]: [test/mbbAcolTQ-OjXSImKW4AWg] org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryShardException: failed to create query
: Cannot invoke "Object.toString()" because "value" is null
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.query.SearchExecutionContext.toQuery(SearchExecutionContext.java:567)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.EsPhysicalOperationProviders$DefaultShardContext.toQuery(EsPhysicalOperationProviders.java:293)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.EsPhysicalOperationProviders.lambda$querySupplier$2(EsPhysicalOperationProviders.java:154)
        at org.elasticsearch.compute.lucene.LuceneOperator.lambda$weightFunction$0(LuceneOperator.java:440)
        at org.elasticsearch.compute.lucene.LuceneSliceQueue.create(LuceneSliceQueue.java:66)
        at org.elasticsearch.compute.lucene.LuceneOperator$Factory.<init>(LuceneOperator.java:102)
        at org.elasticsearch.compute.lucene.LuceneSourceOperator$Factory.<init>(LuceneSourceOperator.java:59)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.EsPhysicalOperationProviders.sourcePhysicalOperation(EsPhysicalOperationProviders.java:198)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.planEsQueryNode(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:252)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.plan(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:218)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.planFieldExtractNode(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:277)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.plan(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:196)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.planProject(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:621)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.plan(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:208)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.planExchangeSink(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:326)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.plan(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:240)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.planner.LocalExecutionPlanner.plan(LocalExecutionPlanner.java:179)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService.runCompute(ComputeService.java:472)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService$DataNodeRequestExecutor.lambda$runBatch$1(ComputeService.java:719)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.action.ActionListener$2.onResponse(ActionListener.java:257)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.action.ActionRunnable$2.accept(ActionRunnable.java:58)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.action.ActionRunnable$2.accept(ActionRunnable.java:55)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.action.ActionRunnable$4.doRun(ActionRunnable.java:101)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable.run(AbstractRunnable.java:27)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService.lambda$acquireSearchContexts$19(ComputeService.java:552)
        at org.elasticsearch.base@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.core.AbstractRefCounted$1.closeInternal(AbstractRefCounted.java:125)
        at org.elasticsearch.base@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.core.AbstractRefCounted.decRef(AbstractRefCounted.java:77)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.action.support.RefCountingRunnable.close(RefCountingRunnable.java:113)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService.acquireSearchContexts(ComputeService.java:565)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService$DataNodeRequestExecutor.runBatch(ComputeService.java:716)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService$DataNodeRequestExecutor.start(ComputeService.java:686)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService.runComputeOnDataNode(ComputeService.java:755)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService$DataNodeRequestHandler.messageReceived(ComputeService.java:827)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin.ComputeService$DataNodeRequestHandler.messageReceived(ComputeService.java:803)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.transport.SecurityServerTransportInterceptor$ProfileSecuredRequestHandler$1.doRun(SecurityServerTransportInterceptor.java:579)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable.run(AbstractRunnable.java:27)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.transport.SecurityServerTransportInterceptor$ProfileSecuredRequestHandler$3.onResponse(SecurityServerTransportInterceptor.java:632)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.transport.SecurityServerTransportInterceptor$ProfileSecuredRequestHandler$3.onResponse(SecurityServerTransportInterceptor.java:621)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.AuthorizationService$1.onResponse(AuthorizationService.java:640)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.AuthorizationService$1.onResponse(AuthorizationService.java:634)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.interceptor.FieldAndDocumentLevelSecurityRequestInterceptor.intercept(FieldAndDocumentLevelSecurityRequestInterceptor.java:79)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.interceptor.ValidateRequestInterceptor.intercept(ValidateRequestInterceptor.java:20)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.AuthorizationService$1.onResponse(AuthorizationService.java:638)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.AuthorizationService$1.onResponse(AuthorizationService.java:634)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.interceptor.BulkShardRequestInterceptor.intercept(BulkShardRequestInterceptor.java:85)
        at org.elasticsearch.security@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authz.AuthorizationService$1.onResponse(AuthorizationService.java:638)
....
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "Object.toString()" because "value" is null
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.NumberFieldMapper$NumberType.objectToDouble(NumberFieldMapper.java:1493)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.NumberFieldMapper$NumberType.objectToLong(NumberFieldMapper.java:1508)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.NumberFieldMapper$NumberType$7.parse(NumberFieldMapper.java:1217)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.NumberFieldMapper$NumberType$7.termsQuery(NumberFieldMapper.java:1262)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.NumberFieldMapper$NumberFieldType.termsQuery(NumberFieldMapper.java:1733)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermsQueryBuilder.doToQuery(TermsQueryBuilder.java:347)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.query.AbstractQueryBuilder.toQuery(AbstractQueryBuilder.java:119)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.querydsl.query.SingleValueQuery$Builder.doToQuery(SingleValueQuery.java:187)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.query.AbstractQueryBuilder.toQuery(AbstractQueryBuilder.java:119)
        at org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.elasticsearch.index.query.SearchExecutionContext.toQuery(SearchExecutionContext.java:559)