driver.go

package tello

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"gobot.io/x/gobot"
)

const (
	// BounceEvent event
	BounceEvent = "bounce"

	// ConnectedEvent event
	ConnectedEvent = "connected"

	// FlightDataEvent event
	FlightDataEvent = "flightdata"

	// TakeoffEvent event
	TakeoffEvent = "takeoff"

	// LandingEvent event
	LandingEvent = "landing"

	// PalmLandingEvent event
	PalmLandingEvent = "palm-landing"

	// FlipEvent event
	FlipEvent = "flip"

	// TimeEvent event
	TimeEvent = "time"

	// LogEvent event
	LogEvent = "log"

	// WifiDataEvent event
	WifiDataEvent = "wifidata"

	// LightStrengthEvent event
	LightStrengthEvent = "lightstrength"

	// SetExposureEvent event
	SetExposureEvent = "setexposure"

	// VideoFrameEvent event
	VideoFrameEvent = "videoframe"

	// SetVideoEncoderRateEvent event
	SetVideoEncoderRateEvent = "setvideoencoder"
)

// the 16-bit messages and commands stored in bytes 6 & 5 of the packet
const (
	messageStart   = 0x00cc // 204
	wifiMessage    = 0x001a // 26
	videoRateQuery = 0x0028 // 40
	lightMessage   = 0x0035 // 53
	flightMessage  = 0x0056 // 86
	logMessage     = 0x1050 // 4176

	videoEncoderRateCommand = 0x0020 // 32
	videoStartCommand       = 0x0025 // 37
	exposureCommand         = 0x0034 // 52
	timeCommand             = 0x0046 // 70
	stickCommand            = 0x0050 // 80
	takeoffCommand          = 0x0054 // 84
	landCommand             = 0x0055 // 85
	flipCommand             = 0x005c // 92
	throwtakeoffCommand     = 0x005d // 93
	palmLandCommand         = 0x005e // 94
	bounceCommand           = 0x1053 // 4179
)

// FlipType is used for the various flips supported by the Tello.
type FlipType int

const (
	// FlipFront flips forward.
	FlipFront FlipType = 0

	// FlipLeft flips left.
	FlipLeft FlipType = 1

	// FlipBack flips backwards.
	FlipBack FlipType = 2

	// FlipRight flips to the right.
	FlipRight FlipType = 3

	// FlipForwardLeft flips forwards and to the left.
	FlipForwardLeft FlipType = 4

	// FlipBackLeft flips backwards and to the left.
	FlipBackLeft FlipType = 5

	// FlipBackRight flips backwards and to the right.
	FlipBackRight FlipType = 6

	// FlipForwardRight flips forewards and to the right.
	FlipForwardRight FlipType = 7
)

// VideoBitRate is used to set the bit rate for the streaming video returned by the Tello.
type VideoBitRate int

const (
	// VideoBitRateAuto sets the bitrate for streaming video to auto-adjust.
	VideoBitRateAuto VideoBitRate = 0

	// VideoBitRate1M sets the bitrate for streaming video to 1 Mb/s.
	VideoBitRate1M VideoBitRate = 1

	// VideoBitRate15M sets the bitrate for streaming video to 1.5 Mb/s
	VideoBitRate15M VideoBitRate = 2

	// VideoBitRate2M sets the bitrate for streaming video to 2 Mb/s.
	VideoBitRate2M VideoBitRate = 3

	// VideoBitRate3M sets the bitrate for streaming video to 3 Mb/s.
	VideoBitRate3M VideoBitRate = 4

	// VideoBitRate4M sets the bitrate for streaming video to 4 Mb/s.
	VideoBitRate4M VideoBitRate = 5
)

// FlightData packet returned by the Tello
type FlightData struct {
	BatteryLow               bool
	BatteryLower             bool
	BatteryPercentage        int8
	BatteryState             bool
	CameraState              int8
	DownVisualState          bool
	DroneBatteryLeft         int16
	DroneFlyTimeLeft         int16
	DroneHover               bool
	EmOpen                   bool
	Flying                   bool
	OnGround                 bool
	EastSpeed                int16
	ElectricalMachineryState int16
	FactoryMode              bool
	FlyMode                  int8
	FlyTime                  int16
	FrontIn                  bool
	FrontLSC                 bool
	FrontOut                 bool
	GravityState             bool
	VerticalSpeed            int16
	Height                   int16
	ImuCalibrationState      int8
	ImuState                 bool
	LightStrength            int8
	NorthSpeed               int16
	OutageRecording          bool
	PowerState               bool
	PressureState            bool
	SmartVideoExitMode       int16
	TemperatureHigh          bool
	ThrowFlyTimer            int8
	WindState                bool
}

// WifiData packet returned by the Tello
type WifiData struct {
	Disturb  int8
	Strength int8
}

// Driver represents the DJI Tello drone
type Driver struct {
	name           string
	reqAddr        string
	cmdConn        io.WriteCloser // UDP connection to send/receive drone commands
	videoConn      *net.UDPConn   // UDP connection for drone video
	respPort       string
	videoPort      string
	cmdMutex       sync.Mutex
	seq            int16
	rx, ry, lx, ly float32
	throttle       int
	bouncing       bool
	gobot.Eventer
	doneCh chan struct{}
}

// NewDriver creates a driver for the Tello drone. Pass in the UDP port to use for the responses
// from the drone.
func NewDriver(port string) *Driver {
	d := &Driver{name: gobot.DefaultName("Tello"),
		reqAddr:   "192.168.10.1:8889",
		respPort:  port,
		videoPort: "11111",
		Eventer:   gobot.NewEventer(),
		doneCh:    make(chan struct{}, 1),
	}

	d.AddEvent(ConnectedEvent)
	d.AddEvent(FlightDataEvent)
	d.AddEvent(TakeoffEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LandingEvent)
	d.AddEvent(PalmLandingEvent)
	d.AddEvent(BounceEvent)
	d.AddEvent(FlipEvent)
	d.AddEvent(TimeEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LogEvent)
	d.AddEvent(WifiDataEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LightStrengthEvent)
	d.AddEvent(SetExposureEvent)
	d.AddEvent(VideoFrameEvent)
	d.AddEvent(SetVideoEncoderRateEvent)

	return d
}

// NewDriverWithIP creates a driver for the Tello EDU drone. Pass in the ip address and UDP port to use for the responses
// from the drone.
func NewDriverWithIP(ip string, port string) *Driver {
	d := &Driver{name: gobot.DefaultName("Tello"),
		reqAddr:   ip + ":8889",
		respPort:  port,
		videoPort: "11111",
		Eventer:   gobot.NewEventer(),
	}

	d.AddEvent(ConnectedEvent)
	d.AddEvent(FlightDataEvent)
	d.AddEvent(TakeoffEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LandingEvent)
	d.AddEvent(PalmLandingEvent)
	d.AddEvent(BounceEvent)
	d.AddEvent(FlipEvent)
	d.AddEvent(TimeEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LogEvent)
	d.AddEvent(WifiDataEvent)
	d.AddEvent(LightStrengthEvent)
	d.AddEvent(SetExposureEvent)
	d.AddEvent(VideoFrameEvent)
	d.AddEvent(SetVideoEncoderRateEvent)

	return d
}

// Name returns the name of the device.
func (d *Driver) Name() string { return d.name }

// SetName sets the name of the device.
func (d *Driver) SetName(n string) { d.name = n }

// Connection returns the Connection of the device.
func (d *Driver) Connection() gobot.Connection { return nil }

// Start starts the driver.
func (d *Driver) Start() error {
	reqAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", d.reqAddr)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return err
	}
	respPort, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":"+d.respPort)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return err
	}
	cmdConn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", respPort, reqAddr)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return err
	}
	d.cmdConn = cmdConn

	// handle responses
	go func() {
		d.On(d.Event(ConnectedEvent), func(interface{}) {
			d.SendDateTime()
			d.processVideo()
		})

	cmdLoop:
		for {
			select {
			case <-d.doneCh:
				break cmdLoop
			default:
				err := d.handleResponse(cmdConn)
				if err != nil {
					fmt.Println("response parse error:", err)
				}
			}
		}
	}()

	// starts notifications coming from drone to video port normally 11111
	d.SendCommand(d.connectionString())

	// send stick commands
	go func() {
		for {
			err := d.SendStickCommand()
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Println("stick command error:", err)
			}
			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
		}
	}()

	return nil
}

// Halt stops the driver.
func (d *Driver) Halt() (err error) {
	// send a landing command when we disconnect, and give it 500ms to be received before we shutdown
	d.Land()
	d.doneCh <- struct{}{}
	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)

	d.cmdConn.Close()
	d.videoConn.Close()
	return
}

// TakeOff tells drones to liftoff and start flying.
func (d *Driver) TakeOff() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(takeoffCommand, 0x68, 0)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// Throw & Go support
func (d *Driver) ThrowTakeOff() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(throwtakeoffCommand, 0x48, 0)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// Land tells drone to come in for landing.
func (d *Driver) Land() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(landCommand, 0x68, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x00))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// StopLanding tells drone to stop landing.
func (d *Driver) StopLanding() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(landCommand, 0x68, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x01))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// PalmLand tells drone to come in for a hand landing.
func (d *Driver) PalmLand() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(palmLandCommand, 0x68, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x00))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// StartVideo tells Tello to send start info (SPS/PPS) for video stream.
func (d *Driver) StartVideo() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(videoStartCommand, 0x60, 0)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(0x00)) // seq = 0
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// SetExposure sets the drone camera exposure level. Valid levels are 0, 1, and 2.
func (d *Driver) SetExposure(level int) (err error) {
	if level < 0 || level > 2 {
		return errors.New("Invalid exposure level")
	}

	buf, _ := d.createPacket(exposureCommand, 0x48, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(level))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// SetVideoEncoderRate sets the drone video encoder rate.
func (d *Driver) SetVideoEncoderRate(rate VideoBitRate) (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(videoEncoderRateCommand, 0x68, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(rate))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// SetFastMode sets the drone throttle to 1.
func (d *Driver) SetFastMode() error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.throttle = 1
	return nil
}

// SetSlowMode sets the drone throttle to 0.
func (d *Driver) SetSlowMode() error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.throttle = 0
	return nil
}

// Rate queries the current video bit rate.
func (d *Driver) Rate() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(videoRateQuery, 0x48, 0)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// bound is a naive implementation that returns the smaller of x or y.
func bound(x, y float32) float32 {
	if x < -y {
		return -y
	}
	if x > y {
		return y
	}
	return x
}

// Vector returns the current motion vector.
// Values are from 0 to 1.
// x, y, z denote forward, side and vertical translation,
// and psi  yaw (rotation around the z-axis).
func (d *Driver) Vector() (x, y, z, psi float32) {
	return d.ry, d.rx, d.ly, d.lx
}

// AddVector adds to the current motion vector.
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) AddVector(x, y, z, psi float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ry = bound(d.ry+x, 1)
	d.rx = bound(d.rx+y, 1)
	d.ly = bound(d.ly+z, 1)
	d.lx = bound(d.lx+psi, 1)

	return nil
}

// SetVector sets the current motion vector.
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) SetVector(x, y, z, psi float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ry = x
	d.rx = y
	d.ly = z
	d.lx = psi

	return nil
}

// SetX sets the x component of the current motion vector
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) SetX(x float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ry = x

	return nil
}

// SetY sets the y component of the current motion vector
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) SetY(y float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.rx = y

	return nil
}

// SetZ sets the z component of the current motion vector
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) SetZ(z float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ly = z

	return nil
}

// SetPsi sets the psi component (yaw) of the current motion vector
// Pass values from 0 to 1.
// See Vector() for the frame of reference.
func (d *Driver) SetPsi(psi float32) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.lx = psi

	return nil
}

// Up tells the drone to ascend. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Up(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ly = float32(val) / 100.0
	return nil
}

// Down tells the drone to descend. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Down(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ly = float32(val) / 100.0 * -1
	return nil
}

// Forward tells the drone to go forward. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Forward(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ry = float32(val) / 100.0
	return nil
}

// Backward tells drone to go in reverse. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Backward(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.ry = float32(val) / 100.0 * -1
	return nil
}

// Right tells drone to go right. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Right(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.rx = float32(val) / 100.0
	return nil
}

// Left tells drone to go left. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Left(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.rx = float32(val) / 100.0 * -1
	return nil
}

// Clockwise tells drone to rotate in a clockwise direction. Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) Clockwise(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.lx = float32(val) / 100.0
	return nil
}

// CounterClockwise tells drone to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction.
// Pass in an int from 0-100.
func (d *Driver) CounterClockwise(val int) error {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.lx = float32(val) / 100.0 * -1
	return nil
}

// Hover tells the drone to stop moving on the X, Y, and Z axes and stay in place
func (d *Driver) Hover() {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.rx = float32(0)
	d.ry = float32(0)
	d.lx = float32(0)
	d.ly = float32(0)
}

// CeaseRotation stops any rotational motion
func (d *Driver) CeaseRotation() {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	d.lx = float32(0)
}

// Bounce tells drone to start/stop performing the bouncing action
func (d *Driver) Bounce() (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(bounceCommand, 0x68, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	if d.bouncing {
		binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x31))
	} else {
		binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x30))
	}
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))
	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	d.bouncing = !d.bouncing
	return
}

// Flip tells drone to flip
func (d *Driver) Flip(direction FlipType) (err error) {
	buf, _ := d.createPacket(flipCommand, 0x70, 1)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(direction))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// FrontFlip tells the drone to perform a front flip.
func (d *Driver) FrontFlip() (err error) {
	return d.Flip(FlipFront)
}

// BackFlip tells the drone to perform a back flip.
func (d *Driver) BackFlip() (err error) {
	return d.Flip(FlipBack)
}

// RightFlip tells the drone to perform a flip to the right.
func (d *Driver) RightFlip() (err error) {
	return d.Flip(FlipRight)
}

// LeftFlip tells the drone to perform a flip to the left.
func (d *Driver) LeftFlip() (err error) {
	return d.Flip(FlipLeft)
}

// ParseFlightData from drone
func (d *Driver) ParseFlightData(b []byte) (fd *FlightData, err error) {
	buf := bytes.NewReader(b)
	fd = &FlightData{}
	var data byte

	if buf.Len() < 24 {
		err = errors.New("Invalid buffer length for flight data packet")
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.Height)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.NorthSpeed)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.EastSpeed)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.VerticalSpeed)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.FlyTime)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &data)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	fd.ImuState = (data >> 0 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.PressureState = (data >> 1 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.DownVisualState = (data >> 2 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.PowerState = (data >> 3 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.BatteryState = (data >> 4 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.GravityState = (data >> 5 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.WindState = (data >> 7 & 0x1) == 1

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.ImuCalibrationState)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.BatteryPercentage)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.DroneFlyTimeLeft)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.DroneBatteryLeft)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &data)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	fd.Flying = (data >> 0 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.OnGround = (data >> 1 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.EmOpen = (data >> 2 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.DroneHover = (data >> 3 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.OutageRecording = (data >> 4 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.BatteryLow = (data >> 5 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.BatteryLower = (data >> 6 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.FactoryMode = (data >> 7 & 0x1) == 1

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.FlyMode)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.ThrowFlyTimer)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &fd.CameraState)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &data)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	fd.ElectricalMachineryState = int16(data & 0xff)

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &data)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	fd.FrontIn = (data >> 0 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.FrontOut = (data >> 1 & 0x1) == 1
	fd.FrontLSC = (data >> 2 & 0x1) == 1

	err = binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &data)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	fd.TemperatureHigh = (data >> 0 & 0x1) == 1

	return
}

// SendStickCommand sends the joystick command packet to the drone.
func (d *Driver) SendStickCommand() (err error) {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	buf, _ := d.createPacket(stickCommand, 0x60, 11)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(0x00)) // seq = 0

	// RightX center=1024 left =364 right =-364
	axis1 := int16(660.0*d.rx + 1024.0)

	// RightY down =364 up =-364
	axis2 := int16(660.0*d.ry + 1024.0)

	// LeftY down =364 up =-364
	axis3 := int16(660.0*d.ly + 1024.0)

	// LeftX left =364 right =-364
	axis4 := int16(660.0*d.lx + 1024.0)

	// speed control
	axis5 := int16(d.throttle)

	packedAxis := int64(axis1)&0x7FF | int64(axis2&0x7FF)<<11 | 0x7FF&int64(axis3)<<22 | 0x7FF&int64(axis4)<<33 | int64(axis5)<<44
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0xFF&packedAxis))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(packedAxis>>8&0xFF))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(packedAxis>>16&0xFF))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(packedAxis>>24&0xFF))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(packedAxis>>32&0xFF))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(packedAxis>>40&0xFF))

	now := time.Now()
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(now.Hour()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(now.Minute()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(now.Second()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(now.UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond)&0xff))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(now.UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond)>>8))

	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())

	return
}

// SendDateTime sends the current date/time to the drone.
func (d *Driver) SendDateTime() (err error) {
	d.cmdMutex.Lock()
	defer d.cmdMutex.Unlock()

	buf, _ := d.createPacket(timeCommand, 0x50, 11)
	d.seq++
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, d.seq)

	now := time.Now()
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(0x00))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(now.Hour()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(now.Minute()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(now.Second()))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(now.UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond)&0xff))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, int16(now.UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond)>>8))

	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC16(buf.Bytes()))

	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write(buf.Bytes())
	return
}

// SendCommand is used to send a text command such as the initial connection request to the drone.
func (d *Driver) SendCommand(cmd string) (err error) {
	_, err = d.cmdConn.Write([]byte(cmd))
	return
}

func (d *Driver) handleResponse(r io.Reader) error {
	var buf [2048]byte
	var msgType uint16
	n, err := r.Read(buf[0:])
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// parse binary packet
	if buf[0] == messageStart {
		msgType = (uint16(buf[6]) << 8) | uint16(buf[5])
		switch msgType {
		case wifiMessage:
			buf := bytes.NewReader(buf[9:10])
			wd := &WifiData{}
			binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &wd.Strength)
			binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &wd.Disturb)
			d.Publish(d.Event(WifiDataEvent), wd)
		case lightMessage:
			buf := bytes.NewReader(buf[9:9])
			var ld int8
			binary.Read(buf, binary.LittleEndian, &ld)
			d.Publish(d.Event(LightStrengthEvent), ld)
		case logMessage:
			d.Publish(d.Event(LogEvent), buf[9:])
		case timeCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(TimeEvent), buf[7:8])
		case bounceCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(BounceEvent), buf[7:8])
		case takeoffCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(TakeoffEvent), buf[7:8])
		case landCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(LandingEvent), buf[7:8])
		case palmLandCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(PalmLandingEvent), buf[7:8])
		case flipCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(FlipEvent), buf[7:8])
		case flightMessage:
			fd, _ := d.ParseFlightData(buf[9:])
			d.Publish(d.Event(FlightDataEvent), fd)
		case exposureCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(SetExposureEvent), buf[7:8])
		case videoEncoderRateCommand:
			d.Publish(d.Event(SetVideoEncoderRateEvent), buf[7:8])
		default:
			fmt.Printf("Unknown message: %+v\n", buf[0:n])
		}
		return nil
	}

	// parse text packet
	if buf[0] == 0x63 && buf[1] == 0x6f && buf[2] == 0x6e {
		d.Publish(d.Event(ConnectedEvent), nil)
	}

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) processVideo() error {
	videoPort, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":11111")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	d.videoConn, err = net.ListenUDP("udp", videoPort)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	go func() {
	videoConnLoop:
		for {
			select {
			case <-d.doneCh:
				break videoConnLoop
			default:
				buf := make([]byte, 2048)
				n, _, err := d.videoConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
				if err != nil {
					fmt.Println("Error: ", err)
					continue
				}

				d.Publish(d.Event(VideoFrameEvent), buf[2:n])
			}
		}
	}()

	return nil
}

func (d *Driver) createPacket(cmd int16, pktType byte, len int16) (buf *bytes.Buffer, err error) {
	l := len + 11
	buf = &bytes.Buffer{}

	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, byte(messageStart))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, l<<3)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, CalculateCRC8(buf.Bytes()[0:3]))
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, pktType)
	binary.Write(buf, binary.LittleEndian, cmd)

	return buf, nil
}

func (d *Driver) connectionString() string {
	x, _ := strconv.Atoi(d.videoPort)
	b := [2]byte{}
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(b[:], uint16(x))
	res := fmt.Sprintf("conn_req:%s", b)
	return res
}

func (f *FlightData) AirSpeed() float64 {
	return math.Sqrt(
		math.Pow(float64(f.NorthSpeed), 2) +
			math.Pow(float64(f.EastSpeed), 2) +
			math.Pow(float64(f.VerticalSpeed), 2))
}

func (f *FlightData) GroundSpeed() float64 {
	return math.Sqrt(
		math.Pow(float64(f.NorthSpeed), 2) +
			math.Pow(float64(f.EastSpeed), 2))
}