dd.bib

@article{ancona_insulin_1994,
	title = {Insulin syringe disposal practices of pediatric 		patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {0009-9228},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Clinical Pediatrics},
	author = {Ancona, K G and Wolf, T A and Phillips, C and Goren, 		G and Germak, J and Wilson, T A},
	month = apr,
	year = {1994},
	note = {{PMID:} 8013171},
	pages = {232--234}
},

@patent{anthony_method_1994,
	title = {Method and apparatus for sterilization and separation of plastic and non-plastic medical wastes},
	abstract = {Medical waste products including plastic and non-plastic elements are placed in a metal container which includes a raised insert element for supporting the waste above the bottom of the container. The container and used medical waste products are subjected to dry heat treatment at temperatures below the waste material flash points but of sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to melt the plastic elements as well as to sterilize the contents. During the heating process the metal, rubber and other non-plastic elements remain on the raised insert; whereas, the molten plastic flows through or over the side of the insert to the bottom of the container. Upon cooling the plastic and non-plastic components of the medical waste products are separated as well as being sterile such that the container can be opened and the contents separately handled for appropriate recycling. The dry heat generator conveniently may be placed in a medical office or the like and is microprocessor controlled to obtain the desired end products. The processor additionally controls an electrical interlock system whereby the heat generator unit may not be opened until an entire heat cycle has been completed, and the waste products have cooled to a safe temperature.},
	nationality = {United States},
	assignee = {Anthony Frank H},
	number = {{US5350562} A},
	author = {Anthony, Frank H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1994},
	note = {{U.S.} Classification 422/1, {241/DIG.38}, 264/911, 422/307, 209/11, 241/65, {423/DIG.18}, 241/99; International Classification {A61B19/02}, {B09B3/00}, {A61M5/32}, {A61L11/00;} Cooperative Classification {Y10S241/38}, {Y10S264/911}, {Y10S423/18}, {A61L11/00}, {A61B19/0288}, {B09B3/0025}, {B09B3/0075}, {A61M5/3278;} European Classification {B09B3/00D}, {A61M5/32C4}, {A61L11/00}, {B09B3/00M}},
	file = {Google Patents PDF:/Users/gentryhanks/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles/ig756nxa.default/zotero/storage/TRXGZ8MC/Anthony - 1994 - Method and apparatus for sterilization and separat.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{anyinam_managing_1994,
	title = {Managing Biomedical Waste in Ontario},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {0018-5868},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00185868.1994.9948474},
	doi = {10.1080/00185868.1994.9948474},
	abstract = {Abstract The lack of landfill space, public perceptions, the escalating costs of disposal, and other factors have created a controversial environment for the disposal of healthcare waste. In the province of Ontario, a proposal has been made that aims to make Ontario self-sufficient in its management of healthcare waste through the use of regional incineration facilities. This article examines this proposal as well as other available options for Ontario's healthcare facilities.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-11-25},
	journal = {Hospital Topics},
	author = {Anyinam, Charles},
	year = {1994},
	note = {{PMID:} 10136312},
	pages = {22--27}
},

@article{bouhanick_what_2000,
	title = {What do the needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips of diabetic patients become in the absence of a common attitude? About 1070 questionnaires in diabetic clinics},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1262-3636},
	shorttitle = {What do the needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips of diabetic patients become in the absence of a common attitude?},
	abstract = {The aim was to investigate the fate of injection and monitoring material after its use by diabetic patients in different countries (France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzeland and Tunisia). Some suitable containers are available for disposal but little is known about the attitudes of patients and physicians to them. 1 070 questionnaires were completed by patients (age: 50 +/- 18 years; diabetes duration: 15 +/- 11 years; 2.8 +/- 1.1 injections per day) visiting 109 doctors. Injections were done at home (72.6\%), or both at home and at work (26.6\%). At home: needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips were thrown directly into the bin in 46.9\%, 49.9\%, 52.2\% and 67.6\% of cases, respectively; and in a closed plastic bottle in 29. 6\%, 28.5\%, 28.9\% and 19.9\% of cases, respectively. Specific containers were used in 8.6\% and 6.3\% of cases for needles and syringes, respectively. 62\% of the bottles and containers were thrown directly into the bin, whereas 15.5\% were returned to a pharmacy (4.5\% taken to hospitals, 2.9\% were burned). At work: 63\% of the patients brought their needles and syringes home for disposal, 6.9\% kept suitable containers at work and 30\% threw their materials directly into local bins. We conclude that awareness should be increased and the organization of the collection of used material improved.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Diabetes \& metabolism},
	author = {Bouhanick, B and Hadjadj, S and Weekers, L},
	month = sep,
	year = {2000},
	note = {{PMID:} 11011221},
	keywords = {Adult, Belgium, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Diabetes mellitus, France, Humans, Luxembourg, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Needles, Questionnaires, Reagent Strips, Switzerland, Syringes, Tunisia},
	pages = {288--293}
},

@incollection{gross_social_2010,
	title = {Social Practices and Sustainable Consumption: Benefits and Limitations of a New Theoretical Approach},
	isbn = {978-90-481-8729-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8730-0_13},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {Environmental Sociology},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	author = {Brand, Karl-Werner},
	editor = {Gross, Matthias and Heinrichs, Harald},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {{BSE}, Greening of lifestyles, Practice theory, Sustainable consumption, Sustainable food policies},
	pages = {217--235}
},

@misc{fda_center_2014,
	type = {{WebContent}},
	title = {Needles and Other Sharps (Safe Disposal Outside of Health Care Settings)},
	url = {http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/Sharps/default.htm},
	abstract = {This webpage gives tips for safely disposing (getting rid of) needles and other sharp devices that are used outside of health care settings.},
	language = {en},
	author = {United States FDA},
	note = {This webpage gives tips for safely disposing (getting rid of) needles and other sharp devices that are used outside of health care settings.},
  year = {2014},
}
    
@article{chappells_dustbin_1999,
	title = {The Dustbin: Study of Domestic Waste},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Planning Studies},
	author = {Chappells, Heather and Shove, Elizabeth},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {267--280}
},

@article{crawshaw_disposal_2002,
	title = {Disposal of syringes, needles, and lancets used by diabetic patients in North East Essex},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1462-1843},
	abstract = {To investigate community disposal of contaminated sharps by insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients, we surveyed 144 patients. Twenty-three (16.0\%) were non-contactable, leaving a study sample of 121, of whom 102 (84.3\%) responded. Among the respondents 93.1\% used lancets and 97.1\% needles; 70.6\% used lancets once or twice a day and 65.7\% used needles twice a day. The majority said they had received no information on safe disposal of sharps. Of those recalling advice, most received it from diabetes nurse specialists. The majority of needle users used needle clippers and/or sharps bins for disposal. Most of the lancet users resorted to drinks cans/bottles or domestic waste. There were statistically significant differences in practices between patients receiving and not receiving advice on sharps disposal (odds ratio [{OR]} 6.36 [95\% {CI} 2.04-23.28] p = 0.0007 for needle disposal and {OR} 15.41 [95\% {CI} 3.57-90.12] p = 0.00001 for lancet disposal). There were also statistically significant differences among needle users using and not using needle clippers and/or sharps bins according to the interval since diagnosis and the frequency of needle use per day. This study identifies a need for a standardised approach to sharps disposal supported by an effective method of disseminating information, and a need for advice on auditing its impact.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Communicable disease and public health / {PHLS}},
	author = {Crawshaw, G and Irwin, D J and Button, J},
	month = jun,
	year = {2002},
	note = {{PMID:} 12166300},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Equipment Contamination, {GREAT} Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Needles, Syringes},
	pages = {134--137}
},

@article{dallel_disposal_2005,
	title = {[Disposal of insulin syringes by diabetic patients. Report of 100 patients]},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {0041-4131},
	abstract = {Elimination of syringes and needles is regulated in hospitals. However, the regulations remain unknown of diabetic patients who do not eliminate correctly their syringes of insulin. We propose to analyze the present situation concerning the management of used syringes of insulin by diabetic patients. This study was conducted in a clinic for diabetics and it involved 100 diabetic patients treated with insulin. The results of this study shaved an insufficiency in the management of syringes of insulin by diabetic patients. Thus, education and a conscionsness-raising of diabetic patients on management and correct use of syringes are necessary.},
	language = {fre},
	number = {7},
	journal = {La Tunisie m{\'e}dicale},
	author = {Dallel, Nada and Kacem, Maha and Nabouli, Rached M and El May, Mezri},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	note = {{PMID:} 16220694},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Syringes, Tunisia},
	pages = {390--392}
},

@book{davies_geographies_2008,
	address = {Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, {VT}},
	title = {The geographies of garbage governance interventions, interactions, and outcomes},
	isbn = {0754688089  9780754688082},
	abstract = {This book examines the neglected geographies of waste management, in particular, the increasingly complex patterns of multi-level governance and the integral processes of trans-localization and politicization that are emerging in waste networks. Furthermore, it provides recommendations for better management of the waste sector in the future.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Ashgate},
	author = {Davies, Anna},
	year = {2008}
},

@article{friedler_study_1996,
	title = {A study of {WC} derived sewer solids},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {0273-1223},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0273122396003654},
	doi = {10.1016/0273-1223(96)00365-4},
	abstract = {Little is currently known about the nature, quantity or variability of {WC} derived sewer solids. This work describes results of a one week domestic {WC} usage survey in the {UK.} Specific attention is paid to solid production including faecal matter, toilet paper and sanitary refuse. Significant quantities of solids were found to be produced. The results illustrate distinctive diurnal usage patterns including the surprisingly low evening faecal related flush usage Weekend usage exceeded week day usage on average, but with reduced morning peaks. Differences between males and females usage were also noted, in particular the much larger toilet paper usage and sanitary refuse disposal associated with females.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2013-11-25},
	journal = {Water Science and Technology},
	author = {Friedler, Eran and Brown, David M. and Butler, David},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {Blackwater, domestic wastewater, faeces, gross solids, sanitary refuse, toilet paper, {WC}},
	pages = {17--24}
},

@article{friedler_domestic_1996,
	title = {Domestic {WC} usage patterns},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0360-1323},
	abstract = {Despite contributing 30{\textendash}40\% of the total wastewater flow to building drainage systems, little is currently known concerning the detailed usage patterns of the domestic {WC.} A diary survey of {WC} usage was carried out on 135 households in southern England over seven consecutive days. Usage was categorised as urine only, faeces only, combined urine and faeces, and other. The urine mode of use followed the expected bimodal pattern of morning and evening peaks, whilst the the number of faecal related flushes peaked only in the morning with no corresponding evening rise. Weekend patterns were shown to differ from week-day usage, particularly in terms of the timing and magnitude of the morning peak. Females were found to use the {WC} 17\% more often than males, whilst males use it 7\% more in faecal related mode. Differences were also established between age groups with elderly people apparently having the highest {WC} usage. The application of cleaning agents was also shown to follow a distinctive diurnal pattern.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-11-25},
	journal = {Building and Environment},
	author = {Friedler, Eran and Butler, David and Brown, David M.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1996},
	pages = {385--392}
 },
 
@article{gilg_green_2005,
	title = {Green consumption or sustainable lifestyles? Identifying the sustainable consumer},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {00163287},
	shorttitle = {Green consumption or sustainable lifestyles?},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-11-17},
	journal = {Futures},
	author = {Gilg, Andrew and Barr, Stewart and Ford, Nicholas},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {481--504}
},

@incollection{gordon_governmental_1991,
	address = {Chicago},
	title = {Governmental rationality: an introduction},
	volume = {1},
	booktitle = {The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Gordon, Colin},
	editor = {Burchell, Graham and Gordon, Colin and Miller, Peter},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1--52}
},

@article{govender_sharps_2012,
	title = {Sharps disposal practices among diabetic patients using insulin},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0256-9574},
	abstract = {Insulin-dependent diabetic patients are not educated on safe sharps disposal methods, so leading to unsafe disposal of needles. Appropriate education on the correct disposal of sharps should be an integral part of their diabetic counseling. Doctors, nurses and pharmacists should all take responsibility for educating and reinforcing information about correct sharps disposal methods. Patients should be advised to either discard sharps into puncture resistant containers placed into their household refuse, or return them in secure containers for disposal by the dispensing institutions. Patients should also be educated regarding health risks associated with used needles. The South African Metabolic and Endocrine ({SEMDSA)} Guidelines and the South African Standard Treatment Guidelines ({STG)} should also give clear guidance on the safe disposal of needles.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3 Pt 1},
	journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde},
	author = {Govender, Dhanalutchmee and Ross, Andrew},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	note = {{PMID:} 22380912},
	keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Directive Counseling, Humans, injections, Insulin, Medical Waste Disposal, Needles, Needlestick Injuries, Patient Education as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Refuse Disposal, Syringes},
	pages = {163--164}
},

@misc{government_of_ontario_navigator_2012,
	title = {Navigator - Ministry of the Environment},
	url = {http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/environment/en/residents/waste/navigator/index.htm},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2012-12-04},
	author = {Government of Ontario, Ministry of the Environment},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/gentryhanks/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles/ig756nxa.default/zotero/storage/TTSUPDS3/index.html:text/html}
}

@misc{government_of_ontario_resources_2014,
	type = {web},
	title = {Resources - Ministry of the Environment},
	url = {/environment/en/resources/STD01_075735},
	abstract = {The official web site of the Ministry of the Environment of the Province of Ontario, Canada.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2012-12-04},
	journal = {Ministry of the Environment - Ontario},
	author = {Government of Ontario, Ministry of the Environment},
	note = {The official web site of the Ministry of the Environment of the Province of Ontario, Canada.},
	keywords = {air, environment, government, health, land, moe, Ontario, pollution, protection, province, waste, water}
},

@article{hassan_pattern_2008,
	title = {Pattern of medical waste management: existing scenario in Dhaka City, Bangladesh},
	volume = {8},
	copyright = {2008 Hassan et al; licensee {BioMed} Central Ltd.},
	issn = {1471-2458},
	shorttitle = {Pattern of medical waste management},
	abstract = {Medical waste is infectious and hazardous. It poses serious threats to environmental health and requires specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal. The problem is growing with an ever-increasing number of hospitals, clinics, and diagnostic laboratories in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. However, research on this critical issue has been very limited, and there is a serious dearth of information for planning. This paper seeks to document the handling practice of waste (e.g. collection, storage, transportation and disposal) along with the types and amount of wastes generated by Health Care Establishments ({HCE).} A total of 60 out of the existing 68 {HCE} in the study areas provided us with relevant information.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-12-05},
	journal = {{BMC} Public Health},
	author = {Hassan, M. Manzurul and Ahmed, Shafiul and Rahman, K. Anisur and Biswas, Tarit},
	month = jan,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {36}
 },

@article{hussain_making_2008,
	title = {Making a 'point' about the safe disposal of sharps in patients on biological therapies},
	volume = {159},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08639.x},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
	author = {Hussain, W and Ogden, S and Lavery, D and Griffiths, C E M},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	note = {{PMID:} 18503594},
	keywords = {Adult, Biological Therapy, Female, {GREAT} Britain, Humans, Medical Waste Disposal, Needles, Safety Management, Self Administration},
	pages = {491--492}
},

@article{ishtiaq_disposal_2012,
	title = {Disposal of syringes, needles, and lancets used by diabetic patients in Pakistan},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1876-{035X}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2012.02.002},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE:} To assess the use, handling and disposal of insulin injection equipment by diabetic patients in Pakistan.
{METHODS:} We conducted a cross-sectional study at diabetic clinics in five tertiary centers in Pakistan. All diabetic patients (type 1/type 2) who were on insulin for more than 1 month, were included. An Urdu (local language)-translated questionnaire was used to collect information on insulin administration equipment, the site and frequency of needle use, insulin syringe/pen/lancet disposal, sharing of needles and knowledge about diseases that are spread by sharing contaminated needles.
{RESULTS:} Of 375 patients, 58\% were female. The mean ({SD)} duration of diabetes was 12.3 (7.3) years, and the duration of insulin use was 4.4 (4.3) years. The majority of the patients used syringes (88.3\%) for insulin administration. Additionally, the majority of the patients disposed of used devices (syringes, 92\%; pens, 75\%; and lancets, 91\%) in the household garbage collection bin. About half of the patients (n=185) reported being educated by their physicians about the disposal of sharps. Those who were educated by a physician (adjusted odds ratio ({adjOR):} 0.36; {95\%CI:} 0.16-0.81) or could read/write English ({adjOR:} 0.32; {95\%CI:} 0.11-0.92) were less likely to dispose of syringes and needles in the household garbage.
{CONCLUSION:} The common disposal of sharps in the household garbage has implications for disease transmission. Education on the safe disposal of sharps may improve the disposal practices.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
	author = {Ishtiaq, Osama and Qadri, Asif Mehmood and Mehar, Saeed and Gondal, Ghulam Murtaza and Iqbal, Tahir and Ali, Sobia and Mati-ur-Rahman and Janjua, Naveed Zafar},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	note = {{PMID:} 22541266},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes mellitus, Female, Humans, Insulin, Male, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Needlestick Injuries, Pakistan, Questionnaires, Young adult},
	pages = {182--188}
},

@article{jackson_dumpster_1996,
	title = {Dumpster diving in sharps disposal containers: what's really inside?},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0899-{823X}},
	shorttitle = {Dumpster diving in sharps disposal containers},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology: the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America},
	author = {Jackson, M M and Mulherin, S and Rickman, L S},
	month = sep,
	year = {1996},
	note = {{PMID:} 8880227},
	keywords = {{CALIFORNIA}, Medical Waste Disposal, Needles, Syringes},
	pages = {570--571}
},

@article{mcconville_syringe_2002,
	title = {Syringe disposal practices and gender differences},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0145-7217},
	abstract = {{PURPOSE:} The purpose of this study was to describe syringe disposal practices of individuals with diabetes who take insulin and to investigate the attitude toward and effect of previous information on proper syringe disposal.
{METHODS:} Adult men and women who injected insulin were recruited from an endocrinology practice and given 2 questionnaires concerning syringe disposal practices and attitude toward proper syringe disposal. Completed questionnaires were returned by mail to the investigator. Nonparametric statistical procedures were used to analyze the data.
{RESULTS:} Men with higher income tended to use the trash for syringe disposal more often than lower income men, and older women exhibited a higher positive attitude score than younger women. A positive attitude significantly correlated with the likelihood of proper syringe disposal, and those who had received previous information were more likely to dispose of syringes properly. Healthcare providers were identified as the main source of information.
{CONCLUSIONS:} Diabetes educators can improve the syringe disposal practices of their patients through education at each office visit. Knowing more about the environmental and social problems that may ensue from improper syringe disposal may influence patients to practice better disposal methods.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Diabetes educator},
	author = {{McConville}, Debra E and Hamilton, Edith M},
	month = feb,
	year = {2002},
	note = {{PMID:} 11852747},
	keywords = {Adult, Diabetes mellitus, Equipment Reuse, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Insulin, Male, Medical Waste Disposal, Needles, Sex Characteristics, Syringes},
	pages = {91--98}
}

@article{olowokure_disposal_2003,
	title = {The disposal of used sharps by diabetic patients living at home},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {0960-3123},
	doi = {10.1080/0960312031000098044},
	abstract = {The disposal of sharps generated in the community has been identified as an area of public health and environmental health concern. While there is a large amount of literature on sharps disposal practices in healthcare settings, the sharps disposal practices of diabetic patients living at home has been poorly documented. This study describes the sharps disposal practices of diabetic patients in South Staffordshire, an English health district. A randomly selected sample of 1,348 adult (aged {\textgreater}or= 16 years) diabetic patients were obtained from the district population-based diabetes register. A self-administered questionnaire was posted to the sample. Non-responders received up to two reminders. A response rate of 91\% was achieved. Household containers were used by: 34.1\% of respondents for syringes; 35.1\% for lancets; and 27.6\% for needles. Sharps boxes were the least used method of sharps disposal. Many respondents indicated that they had received only verbal information on how to dispose of their sharps. Those who recalled receiving information were more likely to dispose of their sharps safely. The results of this study suggest that sharps are disposed of in the most convenient manner, into the household waste. This contributes to environmental pollution and places people at risk of physical and psychological trauma.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International journal of environmental health research},
	author = {Olowokure, Babatnde and Duggal, Harsh and Armitage, Lesley},
	month = jun,
	year = {2003},
	note = {{PMID:} 12745334},
	keywords = {Adult, Diabetes mellitus, England, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Needles, Refuse Disposal, Syringes},
	pages = {117--123}
},

@article{pruss-ustun_estimation_2005,
	title = {Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers},
	volume = {48},
	copyright = {Copyright {\textcopyright} 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
	issn = {1097-0274},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2014-04-06},
	journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine},
	author = {Pr{\"u}ss-{\"U}st{\"u}n, Annette and Rapiti, Elisabetta and Hutin, Yvan},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {{HBV}, {HCV}, health care workers, {HIV}, Needlestick Injuries, occupational disease, percutaneous injuries, sharps injuries},
	pages = {482--490}
},

@patent{reshamwala_system_2008,
	title = {System and method for reclaiming waste from diaper manufacture for the production of medical waste containers},
	abstract = {A medical waste disposal container is made from reclaimed polypropylene in an amount of from greater than 0\% to about 40\% by weight and virgin polypropylene in an amount of from less than 100\% to about 60\% by weight. The medical waste disposal container has a puncture resistance of at least about 2.8 lbsf and an impact strength sufficient to prevent medical waste from escaping from the container. The method for forming medical waste disposal containers utilizing reclaimed plastic includes forming a supply of reclaimed pellets from film scraps of a first resin. The reclaimed pellets are combined with virgin pellets of a second resin to form a blend of pellets where the first resin is different from the second resin. The containers are formed by injection molding the blend of pellets.},
	nationality = {United States},
	assignee = {Reshamwala Piyush J,},
	number = {{US20080073232} A1},
	author = {Reshamwala, Piyush and Japuntich, John},
	month = mar,
	year = {2008}
},

@article{subratty_survey_2005,
	title = {A survey on home generated medical waste in Mauritius},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0960-3123},
	abstract = {This study was carried out to evaluate home-generated medical waste in Mauritius. A questionnaire survey was undertaken among a random sample population in 250 houses in the nine districts of the island. Results of this study showed an overwhelmingly large proportion of medical waste arising from the domestic environment joins the common municipal solid waste stream and ends in landfills. This improper disposal process poses a serious health hazard to the general public, waste haulers and landfill personnel. It is therefore recommended that a national policy on medical waste management be urgently implemented, proper training of waste haulers be offered and education campaign be carried out to sensitize the general public on safe disposal of medical waste.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-11-25},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Health Research},
	author = {Subratty, Ah and Nathire, Me Hassed},
	year = {2005},
	note = {{PMID:} 16025814},
	pages = {45--52}
},

@article{walkinshaw_medical_2011,
	title = {Medical waste-management practices vary across Canada},
	volume = {183},
	issn = {0820-3946},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2014-04-01},
	journal = {{CMAJ} : Canadian Medical Association Journal},
	author = {Walkinshaw, Erin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {{PMID:} 22105749
{PMCID:} {PMC3255123}},
	pages = {E1307--E1308}
},

@article{walkinshaw_medical_2011-1,
	title = {Medical waste-management practices vary across Canada},
	volume = {183},
	issn = {0820-3946},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255123/},
	doi = {10.1503/cmaj.109-4032},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2014-04-01},
	journal = {{CMAJ} : Canadian Medical Association Journal},
	author = {Walkinshaw, Erin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011}
},

@article{walkinshaw_too_2011,
	title = {Too much of a good thing?},
	volume = {183},
	issn = {0820-3946, 1488-2329},
	language = {en},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2014-04-01},
	journal = {Canadian Medical Association Journal},
	author = {Walkinshaw, Erin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	note = {{PMID:} 22105753},
	pages = {E1309--E1310}
},

@article{zoeteman_handling_2010,
	title = {Handling {WEEE} waste flows: on the effectiveness of producer responsibility in a globalizing world},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {0268-3768, 1433-3015},
	shorttitle = {Handling {WEEE} waste flows},
	abstract = {This paper explores the present and future magnitude of global waste of electrical and electronic equipment flows, and investigates desirable changes in these flows from a sustainable development point of view. Quantitative estimates of present and future e-waste flows between global regions, generating, and processing waste are presented and their driving forces are analyzed. Global e-waste production by households exceeded an annual amount of 20 million tons in 2005. Domestic e-waste generation in China has already climbed dramatically, now equalling the amount generated in Japan. China is second in the world after the {USA} in landfilling and incineration of e-waste residues. Absolute volumes of recycled e-waste are largest in the {EU}, followed by Japan. After a period characterized by national disposal practices, a period of global low-level recovery practices has emerged. The paper analyzes exogenous factors, including legislating promoting extended producer responsibility, which are favoring as a next step regionalizing of (reverse) supply chains. Examples on a business level are discussed and critical success factors for applying regional high-level recovery are identified. The analysis shows that in the coming decades, two options will compete on a global scale: (1) a further expansion of the present low-level recovery system of e-waste recycling, and (2) a regional approach with higher level recovery applications. The authors argue that putting businesses, more specifically, the original equipment manufacturers, instead of legislators in the driver seat, will strengthen the opportunities for high-level recovery.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5-8},
	urldate = {2014-04-01},
	journal = {The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology},
	author = {Zoeteman, Bastiaan C. J. and Krikke, Harold R. and Venselaar, Jan},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {415--436}
},

@book{_bd_2008,
	title = {Bd Needle Clipping Device Safe Clip},
	publisher = {{BD}},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008}
},

@misc{_carrolls_????-1,
	title = {Carroll's Bay - A strange oasis},
	url = {http://kaleidoscopeflux.blogspot.ca/2013/12/carrolls-bay-little-known-oasis.html}
},

@misc{kingston_city_2013,
	title = {City of Kingston, Ontario, Canada: Household Hazardous Waste - Safe Needle Disposal},
	url = {http://www.cityofkingston.ca/residents/waste/hazardous/needles.asp},
	abstract = {Safe Needle Disposal in the City of Kingston, Ontario, Canada},
	keywords = {Canada, City, hazardous waste, household waste, Kingston, Kingston Canada, Kingston Ontario, landfill, Ontario, Safe Needle Disposal, toxic waste}
},

@misc{_great_2010,
	title = {Great Lakes Syringes, Again (and Again)},
	url = {http://mrgreatlakes.com/2010/08/12/great-lakes-syringes-again-and-again/},
	abstract = {This wouldn't be so damn annoying if it weren't so damn common. Great Lakes beach-goers are being warned to avoid ... muck? No. E. coli bacteria? No, not this time. Syringes? Yes, syringes, from Mi...},
	journal = {Mr Great Lakes}
    },

@misc{_great_????-1,
	title = {Great Lakes Syringes, Again (and Again)},
	url = {http://mrgreatlakes.com/2010/08/12/great-lakes-syringes-again-and-again/},
	abstract = {This wouldn't be so damn annoying if it weren't so damn common. Great Lakes beach-goers are being warned to avoid ... muck? No. E. coli bacteria? No, not this time. Syringes? Yes, syringes, from Mi...},
	urldate = {2014-04-01},
	journal = {Mr Great Lakes}
},

@article{krisiunas_waste_2011,
  title = {Waste Disposal in the 21st Century and Diabetes Technology: A Little Coffee (Cup) or Beer (Can) with That Insulin Infusion (Set)},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1932-2968},
	shorttitle = {Waste Disposal in the 21st Century and Diabetes Technology},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192589/},
	abstract = {The advent of single-use disposable syringes along with myriad similar products for the health care industry has raised interest in the impact of these devices on the environment. Interest does not stop at impact of the device, but also includes associated pharmaceutical agents. Across the spectrum of health care, providers as well as end users of products are assessing the impact of product design and contents upon land, air, and water. In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Pf{\"u}tzner and colleagues tackle the issue by focusing on a product for the diabetes patient. As environmental sustainability has become part of the evaluation process of many products, their assessment sheds some interesting light on the impact of a group of devices when compared and contrasted against the ever-popular disposable coffee cup or beer/soda aluminum can. Regional variations in waste disposal practices need to be understood when conducting these types of assessments.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-01-20},
	journal = {Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology},
	author = {Krisiunas, Ed},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	note = {{PMID:} 21880225
{PMCID:} {PMC3192589}},
	pages = {851--852}
},

@book{barr_household_2002,
  title = {Household Waste in Social Perspective: Values, Attitudes, Situation and Behaviour},
	isbn = {9780754619185},
	shorttitle = {Household Waste in Social Perspective},
	abstract = {Illustrated by an in-depth analysis of waste reduction, reuse and recycling behaviour in Exeter, Devon, this volume provides a timely evaluation of research on household waste management, develops an original analytical model and demonstrates the utility and importance of focusing on individual attitudes.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Company},
	author = {Barr, Stewart},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Science / Environmental Science}
}