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TensorFlow Lite Example On-device Model Personalization

This example illustrates a way of personalizing a TFLite model on-device without sending any data to the server. It builds on top of existing TFLite functionality, and can be adapted for various tasks and models.

Quickstart

Pre-requisites:

Prepare the TfLite model

For the following workflow, a Python virtual environment setup is optional but recommended. We assume Python 3.5+ by default.

pushd transfer_learning

# Create a virtualenv.
python3 -m venv env
# Activate the created virtualenv.
source env/bin/activate

# Install the package requirements.
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Generate the model flatbuffer file `model.tflite` in the current directory.
python generate_training_model.py
popd

# Copy over the flatbuffer file to the `android` assets directory.
cp transfer_learning/model.tflite android/app/src/main/assets/model/model.tflite

Install and run the application

You can either build and run the application inside Android Studio or run command line to do so.

If you want to use Android Studio, first import the project into Android Studio (point it to the top-level build.gradle file), connect your Android device to your machine, and use the Run button in Android Studio. If the Run button is inactive, first add an Android application build configuration for the app module.

If you want to build and install on Linux directly, you can first switch to the android folder, then execute

gradle wrapper
./gradlew build

Then you can run the following command to install the apk

adb install ./app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk

If you need to install gradle, you can reference this link

The running application will look like

app_screenshot

You should now have the app started on your device. Please refer to the Help menu for more detailed instruction.

The buttons at the bottom of the screen correspond to classes that the app learns to distinguish between. Initially, the confidence scores (numbers on the buttons) for all classes will be either random or constant depending on the model.

To start training the classifier, you need at least one image captured. To take a photo and associate it with a class, press the corresponding class button. For better results and accuracy, please take at least 10 images per class, ideally with different background and/or object orientation.

After collecting at least 1 sample photos, the "Train" button should become active. Press it, and wait for a few seconds until the loss goes down. Then press "Pause", and switch to the inference mode in the top-right corner. The classifier should now attempt to predict the class of the camera input class in real time.

Structure

There are three main parts of this project:

  • Model Generation: a Python CLI that allows you to define and generate your personalizable model. The code lives under transfer_learning directory.

  • Android library: a library that allows you to use models generated by the convert from an Android app. The code lives under android/transfer_api directory in a separate Gradle module.

  • Android classifier app: an application that illustrates how to use the model personalization library. The code lives under android/app.

Customizing the model

First, you need to pick the models that you want to use with model personalization. A TFLite on-device personalization model has two parts: the base model, which is typically trained for a generic data-rich task, and the head model, which will be trained on device. Base model weights are fixed during conversion, and cannot be changed later. You need to pick two models for both parts respectively.

As an example of TensorFlow models, we provide one example in the transfer_learning/generate_training_model.py file, with the following components:

  • Base Model: tf.keras.applications.MobileNetV2, a pre-trained MobileNetV2 model, which is a good fit for image recognition tasks.

  • Head Model: a single dense layer followed by softmax activation.

  • Optimizer: tf.keras.optimizers.Adam with the default setting learning_rate=0.001.

Feel free to create/modify the Transfer Learning model structure and configurations.