dm-btree-remove.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Red Hat, Inc.
 *
 * This file is released under the GPL.
 */

#include "dm-btree.h"
#include "dm-btree-internal.h"
#include "dm-transaction-manager.h"

#include <linux/export.h>

/*
 * Removing an entry from a btree
 * ==============================
 *
 * A very important constraint for our btree is that no node, except the
 * root, may have fewer than a certain number of entries.
 * (MIN_ENTRIES <= nr_entries <= MAX_ENTRIES).
 *
 * Ensuring this is complicated by the way we want to only ever hold the
 * locks on 2 nodes concurrently, and only change nodes in a top to bottom
 * fashion.
 *
 * Each node may have a left or right sibling.  When decending the spine,
 * if a node contains only MIN_ENTRIES then we try and increase this to at
 * least MIN_ENTRIES + 1.  We do this in the following ways:
 *
 * [A] No siblings => this can only happen if the node is the root, in which
 *     case we copy the childs contents over the root.
 *
 * [B] No left sibling
 *     ==> rebalance(node, right sibling)
 *
 * [C] No right sibling
 *     ==> rebalance(left sibling, node)
 *
 * [D] Both siblings, total_entries(left, node, right) <= DEL_THRESHOLD
 *     ==> delete node adding it's contents to left and right
 *
 * [E] Both siblings, total_entries(left, node, right) > DEL_THRESHOLD
 *     ==> rebalance(left, node, right)
 *
 * After these operations it's possible that the our original node no
 * longer contains the desired sub tree.  For this reason this rebalancing
 * is performed on the children of the current node.  This also avoids
 * having a special case for the root.
 *
 * Once this rebalancing has occurred we can then step into the child node
 * for internal nodes.  Or delete the entry for leaf nodes.
 */

/*
 * Some little utilities for moving node data around.
 */
static void node_shift(struct btree_node *n, int shift)
{
	uint32_t nr_entries = le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t value_size = le32_to_cpu(n->header.value_size);

	if (shift < 0) {
		shift = -shift;
		BUG_ON(shift > nr_entries);
		BUG_ON((void *) key_ptr(n, shift) >= value_ptr(n, shift));
		memmove(key_ptr(n, 0),
			key_ptr(n, shift),
			(nr_entries - shift) * sizeof(__le64));
		memmove(value_ptr(n, 0),
			value_ptr(n, shift),
			(nr_entries - shift) * value_size);
	} else {
		BUG_ON(nr_entries + shift > le32_to_cpu(n->header.max_entries));
		memmove(key_ptr(n, shift),
			key_ptr(n, 0),
			nr_entries * sizeof(__le64));
		memmove(value_ptr(n, shift),
			value_ptr(n, 0),
			nr_entries * value_size);
	}
}

static void node_copy(struct btree_node *left, struct btree_node *right, int shift)
{
	uint32_t nr_left = le32_to_cpu(left->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t value_size = le32_to_cpu(left->header.value_size);
	BUG_ON(value_size != le32_to_cpu(right->header.value_size));

	if (shift < 0) {
		shift = -shift;
		BUG_ON(nr_left + shift > le32_to_cpu(left->header.max_entries));
		memcpy(key_ptr(left, nr_left),
		       key_ptr(right, 0),
		       shift * sizeof(__le64));
		memcpy(value_ptr(left, nr_left),
		       value_ptr(right, 0),
		       shift * value_size);
	} else {
		BUG_ON(shift > le32_to_cpu(right->header.max_entries));
		memcpy(key_ptr(right, 0),
		       key_ptr(left, nr_left - shift),
		       shift * sizeof(__le64));
		memcpy(value_ptr(right, 0),
		       value_ptr(left, nr_left - shift),
		       shift * value_size);
	}
}

/*
 * Delete a specific entry from a leaf node.
 */
static void delete_at(struct btree_node *n, unsigned index)
{
	unsigned nr_entries = le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries);
	unsigned nr_to_copy = nr_entries - (index + 1);
	uint32_t value_size = le32_to_cpu(n->header.value_size);
	BUG_ON(index >= nr_entries);

	if (nr_to_copy) {
		memmove(key_ptr(n, index),
			key_ptr(n, index + 1),
			nr_to_copy * sizeof(__le64));

		memmove(value_ptr(n, index),
			value_ptr(n, index + 1),
			nr_to_copy * value_size);
	}

	n->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_entries - 1);
}

static unsigned merge_threshold(struct btree_node *n)
{
	return le32_to_cpu(n->header.max_entries) / 3;
}

struct child {
	unsigned index;
	struct dm_block *block;
	struct btree_node *n;
};

static int init_child(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct dm_btree_value_type *vt,
		      struct btree_node *parent,
		      unsigned index, struct child *result)
{
	int r, inc;
	dm_block_t root;

	result->index = index;
	root = value64(parent, index);

	r = dm_tm_shadow_block(info->tm, root, &btree_node_validator,
			       &result->block, &inc);
	if (r)
		return r;

	result->n = dm_block_data(result->block);

	if (inc)
		inc_children(info->tm, result->n, vt);

	*((__le64 *) value_ptr(parent, index)) =
		cpu_to_le64(dm_block_location(result->block));

	return 0;
}

static void exit_child(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct child *c)
{
	dm_tm_unlock(info->tm, c->block);
}

static void shift(struct btree_node *left, struct btree_node *right, int count)
{
	uint32_t nr_left = le32_to_cpu(left->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t nr_right = le32_to_cpu(right->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t max_entries = le32_to_cpu(left->header.max_entries);
	uint32_t r_max_entries = le32_to_cpu(right->header.max_entries);

	BUG_ON(max_entries != r_max_entries);
	BUG_ON(nr_left - count > max_entries);
	BUG_ON(nr_right + count > max_entries);

	if (!count)
		return;

	if (count > 0) {
		node_shift(right, count);
		node_copy(left, right, count);
	} else {
		node_copy(left, right, count);
		node_shift(right, count);
	}

	left->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_left - count);
	right->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_right + count);
}

static void __rebalance2(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct btree_node *parent,
			 struct child *l, struct child *r)
{
	struct btree_node *left = l->n;
	struct btree_node *right = r->n;
	uint32_t nr_left = le32_to_cpu(left->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t nr_right = le32_to_cpu(right->header.nr_entries);
	/*
	 * Ensure the number of entries in each child will be greater
	 * than or equal to (max_entries / 3 + 1), so no matter which
	 * child is used for removal, the number will still be not
	 * less than (max_entries / 3).
	 */
	unsigned int threshold = 2 * (merge_threshold(left) + 1);

	if (nr_left + nr_right < threshold) {
		/*
		 * Merge
		 */
		node_copy(left, right, -nr_right);
		left->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_left + nr_right);
		delete_at(parent, r->index);

		/*
		 * We need to decrement the right block, but not it's
		 * children, since they're still referenced by left.
		 */
		dm_tm_dec(info->tm, dm_block_location(r->block));
	} else {
		/*
		 * Rebalance.
		 */
		unsigned target_left = (nr_left + nr_right) / 2;
		shift(left, right, nr_left - target_left);
		*key_ptr(parent, r->index) = right->keys[0];
	}
}

static int rebalance2(struct shadow_spine *s, struct dm_btree_info *info,
		      struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, unsigned left_index)
{
	int r;
	struct btree_node *parent;
	struct child left, right;

	parent = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));

	r = init_child(info, vt, parent, left_index, &left);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = init_child(info, vt, parent, left_index + 1, &right);
	if (r) {
		exit_child(info, &left);
		return r;
	}

	__rebalance2(info, parent, &left, &right);

	exit_child(info, &left);
	exit_child(info, &right);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * We dump as many entries from center as possible into left, then the rest
 * in right, then rebalance2.  This wastes some cpu, but I want something
 * simple atm.
 */
static void delete_center_node(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct btree_node *parent,
			       struct child *l, struct child *c, struct child *r,
			       struct btree_node *left, struct btree_node *center, struct btree_node *right,
			       uint32_t nr_left, uint32_t nr_center, uint32_t nr_right)
{
	uint32_t max_entries = le32_to_cpu(left->header.max_entries);
	unsigned shift = min(max_entries - nr_left, nr_center);

	BUG_ON(nr_left + shift > max_entries);
	node_copy(left, center, -shift);
	left->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_left + shift);

	if (shift != nr_center) {
		shift = nr_center - shift;
		BUG_ON((nr_right + shift) > max_entries);
		node_shift(right, shift);
		node_copy(center, right, shift);
		right->header.nr_entries = cpu_to_le32(nr_right + shift);
	}
	*key_ptr(parent, r->index) = right->keys[0];

	delete_at(parent, c->index);
	r->index--;

	dm_tm_dec(info->tm, dm_block_location(c->block));
	__rebalance2(info, parent, l, r);
}

/*
 * Redistributes entries among 3 sibling nodes.
 */
static void redistribute3(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct btree_node *parent,
			  struct child *l, struct child *c, struct child *r,
			  struct btree_node *left, struct btree_node *center, struct btree_node *right,
			  uint32_t nr_left, uint32_t nr_center, uint32_t nr_right)
{
	int s;
	uint32_t max_entries = le32_to_cpu(left->header.max_entries);
	unsigned total = nr_left + nr_center + nr_right;
	unsigned target_right = total / 3;
	unsigned remainder = (target_right * 3) != total;
	unsigned target_left = target_right + remainder;

	BUG_ON(target_left > max_entries);
	BUG_ON(target_right > max_entries);

	if (nr_left < nr_right) {
		s = nr_left - target_left;

		if (s < 0 && nr_center < -s) {
			/* not enough in central node */
			shift(left, center, -nr_center);
			s += nr_center;
			shift(left, right, s);
			nr_right += s;
		} else
			shift(left, center, s);

		shift(center, right, target_right - nr_right);

	} else {
		s = target_right - nr_right;
		if (s > 0 && nr_center < s) {
			/* not enough in central node */
			shift(center, right, nr_center);
			s -= nr_center;
			shift(left, right, s);
			nr_left -= s;
		} else
			shift(center, right, s);

		shift(left, center, nr_left - target_left);
	}

	*key_ptr(parent, c->index) = center->keys[0];
	*key_ptr(parent, r->index) = right->keys[0];
}

static void __rebalance3(struct dm_btree_info *info, struct btree_node *parent,
			 struct child *l, struct child *c, struct child *r)
{
	struct btree_node *left = l->n;
	struct btree_node *center = c->n;
	struct btree_node *right = r->n;

	uint32_t nr_left = le32_to_cpu(left->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t nr_center = le32_to_cpu(center->header.nr_entries);
	uint32_t nr_right = le32_to_cpu(right->header.nr_entries);

	unsigned threshold = merge_threshold(left) * 4 + 1;

	BUG_ON(left->header.max_entries != center->header.max_entries);
	BUG_ON(center->header.max_entries != right->header.max_entries);

	if ((nr_left + nr_center + nr_right) < threshold)
		delete_center_node(info, parent, l, c, r, left, center, right,
				   nr_left, nr_center, nr_right);
	else
		redistribute3(info, parent, l, c, r, left, center, right,
			      nr_left, nr_center, nr_right);
}

static int rebalance3(struct shadow_spine *s, struct dm_btree_info *info,
		      struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, unsigned left_index)
{
	int r;
	struct btree_node *parent = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));
	struct child left, center, right;

	/*
	 * FIXME: fill out an array?
	 */
	r = init_child(info, vt, parent, left_index, &left);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = init_child(info, vt, parent, left_index + 1, &center);
	if (r) {
		exit_child(info, &left);
		return r;
	}

	r = init_child(info, vt, parent, left_index + 2, &right);
	if (r) {
		exit_child(info, &left);
		exit_child(info, &center);
		return r;
	}

	__rebalance3(info, parent, &left, &center, &right);

	exit_child(info, &left);
	exit_child(info, &center);
	exit_child(info, &right);

	return 0;
}

static int rebalance_children(struct shadow_spine *s,
			      struct dm_btree_info *info,
			      struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, uint64_t key)
{
	int i, r, has_left_sibling, has_right_sibling;
	struct btree_node *n;

	n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));

	if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries) == 1) {
		struct dm_block *child;
		dm_block_t b = value64(n, 0);

		r = dm_tm_read_lock(info->tm, b, &btree_node_validator, &child);
		if (r)
			return r;

		memcpy(n, dm_block_data(child),
		       dm_bm_block_size(dm_tm_get_bm(info->tm)));

		dm_tm_dec(info->tm, dm_block_location(child));
		dm_tm_unlock(info->tm, child);
		return 0;
	}

	i = lower_bound(n, key);
	if (i < 0)
		return -ENODATA;

	has_left_sibling = i > 0;
	has_right_sibling = i < (le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries) - 1);

	if (!has_left_sibling)
		r = rebalance2(s, info, vt, i);

	else if (!has_right_sibling)
		r = rebalance2(s, info, vt, i - 1);

	else
		r = rebalance3(s, info, vt, i - 1);

	return r;
}

static int do_leaf(struct btree_node *n, uint64_t key, unsigned *index)
{
	int i = lower_bound(n, key);

	if ((i < 0) ||
	    (i >= le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries)) ||
	    (le64_to_cpu(n->keys[i]) != key))
		return -ENODATA;

	*index = i;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Prepares for removal from one level of the hierarchy.  The caller must
 * call delete_at() to remove the entry at index.
 */
static int remove_raw(struct shadow_spine *s, struct dm_btree_info *info,
		      struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, dm_block_t root,
		      uint64_t key, unsigned *index)
{
	int i = *index, r;
	struct btree_node *n;

	for (;;) {
		r = shadow_step(s, root, vt);
		if (r < 0)
			break;

		/*
		 * We have to patch up the parent node, ugly, but I don't
		 * see a way to do this automatically as part of the spine
		 * op.
		 */
		if (shadow_has_parent(s)) {
			__le64 location = cpu_to_le64(dm_block_location(shadow_current(s)));
			memcpy(value_ptr(dm_block_data(shadow_parent(s)), i),
			       &location, sizeof(__le64));
		}

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));

		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE)
			return do_leaf(n, key, index);

		r = rebalance_children(s, info, vt, key);
		if (r)
			break;

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));
		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE)
			return do_leaf(n, key, index);

		i = lower_bound(n, key);

		/*
		 * We know the key is present, or else
		 * rebalance_children would have returned
		 * -ENODATA
		 */
		root = value64(n, i);
	}

	return r;
}

int dm_btree_remove(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
		    uint64_t *keys, dm_block_t *new_root)
{
	unsigned level, last_level = info->levels - 1;
	int index = 0, r = 0;
	struct shadow_spine spine;
	struct btree_node *n;
	struct dm_btree_value_type le64_vt;

	init_le64_type(info->tm, &le64_vt);
	init_shadow_spine(&spine, info);
	for (level = 0; level < info->levels; level++) {
		r = remove_raw(&spine, info,
			       (level == last_level ?
				&info->value_type : &le64_vt),
			       root, keys[level], (unsigned *)&index);
		if (r < 0)
			break;

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(&spine));
		if (level != last_level) {
			root = value64(n, index);
			continue;
		}

		BUG_ON(index < 0 || index >= le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries));

		if (info->value_type.dec)
			info->value_type.dec(info->value_type.context,
					     value_ptr(n, index));

		delete_at(n, index);
	}

	if (!r)
		*new_root = shadow_root(&spine);
	exit_shadow_spine(&spine);

	return r;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_btree_remove);

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int remove_nearest(struct shadow_spine *s, struct dm_btree_info *info,
			  struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, dm_block_t root,
			  uint64_t key, int *index)
{
	int i = *index, r;
	struct btree_node *n;

	for (;;) {
		r = shadow_step(s, root, vt);
		if (r < 0)
			break;

		/*
		 * We have to patch up the parent node, ugly, but I don't
		 * see a way to do this automatically as part of the spine
		 * op.
		 */
		if (shadow_has_parent(s)) {
			__le64 location = cpu_to_le64(dm_block_location(shadow_current(s)));
			memcpy(value_ptr(dm_block_data(shadow_parent(s)), i),
			       &location, sizeof(__le64));
		}

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));

		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE) {
			*index = lower_bound(n, key);
			return 0;
		}

		r = rebalance_children(s, info, vt, key);
		if (r)
			break;

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));
		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE) {
			*index = lower_bound(n, key);
			return 0;
		}

		i = lower_bound(n, key);

		/*
		 * We know the key is present, or else
		 * rebalance_children would have returned
		 * -ENODATA
		 */
		root = value64(n, i);
	}

	return r;
}

static int remove_one(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
		      uint64_t *keys, uint64_t end_key,
		      dm_block_t *new_root, unsigned *nr_removed)
{
	unsigned level, last_level = info->levels - 1;
	int index = 0, r = 0;
	struct shadow_spine spine;
	struct btree_node *n;
	struct dm_btree_value_type le64_vt;
	uint64_t k;

	init_le64_type(info->tm, &le64_vt);
	init_shadow_spine(&spine, info);
	for (level = 0; level < last_level; level++) {
		r = remove_raw(&spine, info, &le64_vt,
			       root, keys[level], (unsigned *) &index);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(&spine));
		root = value64(n, index);
	}

	r = remove_nearest(&spine, info, &info->value_type,
			   root, keys[last_level], &index);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(&spine));

	if (index < 0)
		index = 0;

	if (index >= le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries)) {
		r = -ENODATA;
		goto out;
	}

	k = le64_to_cpu(n->keys[index]);
	if (k >= keys[last_level] && k < end_key) {
		if (info->value_type.dec)
			info->value_type.dec(info->value_type.context,
					     value_ptr(n, index));

		delete_at(n, index);
		keys[last_level] = k + 1ull;

	} else
		r = -ENODATA;

out:
	*new_root = shadow_root(&spine);
	exit_shadow_spine(&spine);

	return r;
}

int dm_btree_remove_leaves(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
			   uint64_t *first_key, uint64_t end_key,
			   dm_block_t *new_root, unsigned *nr_removed)
{
	int r;

	*nr_removed = 0;
	do {
		r = remove_one(info, root, first_key, end_key, &root, nr_removed);
		if (!r)
			(*nr_removed)++;
	} while (!r);

	*new_root = root;
	return r == -ENODATA ? 0 : r;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_btree_remove_leaves);