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colly_test.go
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// Copyright 2018 Adam Tauber
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package colly
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"net/url"
"os"
"reflect"
"regexp"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery"
"github.com/gocolly/colly/v2/debug"
)
var serverIndexResponse = []byte("hello world\n")
var robotsFile = `
User-agent: *
Allow: /allowed
Disallow: /disallowed
Disallow: /allowed*q=
`
func newTestServer() *httptest.Server {
mux := http.NewServeMux()
mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write(serverIndexResponse)
})
mux.HandleFunc("/html", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
w.Write([]byte(`<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
<p class="description">This is a test page</p>
<p class="description">This is a test paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
`))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/login", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if r.Method == "POST" {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
w.Write([]byte(r.FormValue("name")))
}
})
mux.HandleFunc("/robots.txt", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte(robotsFile))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/allowed", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte("allowed"))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/disallowed", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte("disallowed"))
})
mux.Handle("/redirect", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
http.Redirect(w, r, "/redirected/", http.StatusSeeOther)
}))
mux.Handle("/redirected/", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, `<a href="test">test</a>`)
}))
mux.HandleFunc("/set_cookie", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
c := &http.Cookie{Name: "test", Value: "testv", HttpOnly: false}
http.SetCookie(w, c)
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte("ok"))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/check_cookie", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
cs := r.Cookies()
if len(cs) != 1 || r.Cookies()[0].Value != "testv" {
w.WriteHeader(500)
w.Write([]byte("nok"))
return
}
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte("ok"))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/500", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
w.WriteHeader(500)
w.Write([]byte("<p>error</p>"))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/user_agent", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte(r.Header.Get("User-Agent")))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/base", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
w.Write([]byte(`<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Page</title>
<base href="http://xy.com/" />
</head>
<body>
<a href="z">link</a>
</body>
</html>
`))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/base_relative", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
w.Write([]byte(`<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Page</title>
<base href="/foobar/" />
</head>
<body>
<a href="z">link</a>
</body>
</html>
`))
})
mux.HandleFunc("/large_binary", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
ww := bufio.NewWriter(w)
defer ww.Flush()
for {
// have to check error to detect client aborting download
if _, err := ww.Write([]byte{0x41}); err != nil {
return
}
}
})
return httptest.NewServer(mux)
}
var newCollectorTests = map[string]func(*testing.T){
"UserAgent": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, ua := range []string{
"foo",
"bar",
} {
c := NewCollector(UserAgent(ua))
if got, want := c.UserAgent, ua; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.UserAgent = %q, want %q", got, want)
}
}
},
"MaxDepth": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, depth := range []int{
12,
34,
0,
} {
c := NewCollector(MaxDepth(depth))
if got, want := c.MaxDepth, depth; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.MaxDepth = %d, want %d", got, want)
}
}
},
"AllowedDomains": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, domains := range [][]string{
{"example.com", "example.net"},
{"example.net"},
{},
nil,
} {
c := NewCollector(AllowedDomains(domains...))
if got, want := c.AllowedDomains, domains; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Fatalf("c.AllowedDomains = %q, want %q", got, want)
}
}
},
"DisallowedDomains": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, domains := range [][]string{
{"example.com", "example.net"},
{"example.net"},
{},
nil,
} {
c := NewCollector(DisallowedDomains(domains...))
if got, want := c.DisallowedDomains, domains; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Fatalf("c.DisallowedDomains = %q, want %q", got, want)
}
}
},
"DisallowedURLFilters": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, filters := range [][]*regexp.Regexp{
{regexp.MustCompile(`.*not_allowed.*`)},
} {
c := NewCollector(DisallowedURLFilters(filters...))
if got, want := c.DisallowedURLFilters, filters; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Fatalf("c.DisallowedURLFilters = %v, want %v", got, want)
}
}
},
"URLFilters": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, filters := range [][]*regexp.Regexp{
{regexp.MustCompile(`\w+`)},
{regexp.MustCompile(`\d+`)},
{},
nil,
} {
c := NewCollector(URLFilters(filters...))
if got, want := c.URLFilters, filters; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Fatalf("c.URLFilters = %v, want %v", got, want)
}
}
},
"AllowURLRevisit": func(t *testing.T) {
c := NewCollector(AllowURLRevisit())
if !c.AllowURLRevisit {
t.Fatal("c.AllowURLRevisit = false, want true")
}
},
"MaxBodySize": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, sizeInBytes := range []int{
1024 * 1024,
1024,
0,
} {
c := NewCollector(MaxBodySize(sizeInBytes))
if got, want := c.MaxBodySize, sizeInBytes; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.MaxBodySize = %d, want %d", got, want)
}
}
},
"CacheDir": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, path := range []string{
"/tmp/",
"/var/cache/",
} {
c := NewCollector(CacheDir(path))
if got, want := c.CacheDir, path; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.CacheDir = %q, want %q", got, want)
}
}
},
"IgnoreRobotsTxt": func(t *testing.T) {
c := NewCollector(IgnoreRobotsTxt())
if !c.IgnoreRobotsTxt {
t.Fatal("c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = false, want true")
}
},
"ID": func(t *testing.T) {
for _, id := range []uint32{
0,
1,
2,
} {
c := NewCollector(ID(id))
if got, want := c.ID, id; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.ID = %d, want %d", got, want)
}
}
},
"DetectCharset": func(t *testing.T) {
c := NewCollector(DetectCharset())
if !c.DetectCharset {
t.Fatal("c.DetectCharset = false, want true")
}
},
"Debugger": func(t *testing.T) {
d := &debug.LogDebugger{}
c := NewCollector(Debugger(d))
if got, want := c.debugger, d; got != want {
t.Fatalf("c.debugger = %v, want %v", got, want)
}
},
"CheckHead": func(t *testing.T) {
c := NewCollector(CheckHead())
if !c.CheckHead {
t.Fatal("c.CheckHead = false, want true")
}
},
"Async": func(t *testing.T) {
c := NewCollector(Async())
if !c.Async {
t.Fatal("c.Async = false, want true")
}
},
}
func TestNewCollector(t *testing.T) {
t.Run("Functional Options", func(t *testing.T) {
for name, test := range newCollectorTests {
t.Run(name, test)
}
})
}
func TestCollectorVisit(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
onRequestCalled := false
onResponseCalled := false
onScrapedCalled := false
c.OnRequest(func(r *Request) {
onRequestCalled = true
r.Ctx.Put("x", "y")
})
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
onResponseCalled = true
if r.Ctx.Get("x") != "y" {
t.Error("Failed to retrieve context value for key 'x'")
}
if !bytes.Equal(r.Body, serverIndexResponse) {
t.Error("Response body does not match with the original content")
}
})
c.OnScraped(func(r *Response) {
if !onResponseCalled {
t.Error("OnScraped called before OnResponse")
}
if !onRequestCalled {
t.Error("OnScraped called before OnRequest")
}
onScrapedCalled = true
})
c.Visit(ts.URL)
if !onRequestCalled {
t.Error("Failed to call OnRequest callback")
}
if !onResponseCalled {
t.Error("Failed to call OnResponse callback")
}
if !onScrapedCalled {
t.Error("Failed to call OnScraped callback")
}
}
func TestCollectorVisitWithAllowedDomains(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector(AllowedDomains("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1"))
err := c.Visit(ts.URL)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Failed to visit url %s", ts.URL)
}
err = c.Visit("http://example.com")
if err != ErrForbiddenDomain {
t.Errorf("c.Visit should return ErrForbiddenDomain, but got %v", err)
}
}
func TestCollectorVisitWithDisallowedDomains(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector(DisallowedDomains("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1"))
err := c.Visit(ts.URL)
if err != ErrForbiddenDomain {
t.Errorf("c.Visit should return ErrForbiddenDomain, but got %v", err)
}
c2 := NewCollector(DisallowedDomains("example.com"))
err = c2.Visit("http://example.com:8080")
if err != ErrForbiddenDomain {
t.Errorf("c.Visit should return ErrForbiddenDomain, but got %v", err)
}
err = c2.Visit(ts.URL)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Failed to visit url %s", ts.URL)
}
}
func TestCollectorVisitResponseHeaders(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
var onResponseHeadersCalled bool
c := NewCollector()
c.OnResponseHeaders(func(r *Response) {
onResponseHeadersCalled = true
if r.Headers.Get("Content-Type") == "application/octet-stream" {
r.Request.Abort()
}
})
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
t.Error("OnResponse was called")
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/large_binary")
if !onResponseHeadersCalled {
t.Error("OnResponseHeaders was not called")
}
}
func TestCollectorOnHTML(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
titleCallbackCalled := false
paragraphCallbackCount := 0
c.OnHTML("title", func(e *HTMLElement) {
titleCallbackCalled = true
if e.Text != "Test Page" {
t.Error("Title element text does not match, got", e.Text)
}
})
c.OnHTML("p", func(e *HTMLElement) {
paragraphCallbackCount++
if e.Attr("class") != "description" {
t.Error("Failed to get paragraph's class attribute")
}
})
c.OnHTML("body", func(e *HTMLElement) {
if e.ChildAttr("p", "class") != "description" {
t.Error("Invalid class value")
}
classes := e.ChildAttrs("p", "class")
if len(classes) != 2 {
t.Error("Invalid class values")
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/html")
if !titleCallbackCalled {
t.Error("Failed to call OnHTML callback for <title> tag")
}
if paragraphCallbackCount != 2 {
t.Error("Failed to find all <p> tags")
}
}
func TestCollectorURLRevisit(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
visitCount := 0
c.OnRequest(func(r *Request) {
visitCount++
})
c.Visit(ts.URL)
c.Visit(ts.URL)
if visitCount != 1 {
t.Error("URL revisited")
}
c.AllowURLRevisit = true
c.Visit(ts.URL)
c.Visit(ts.URL)
if visitCount != 3 {
t.Error("URL not revisited")
}
}
func TestCollectorPostRevisit(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
postValue := "hello"
postData := map[string]string{
"name": postValue,
}
visitCount := 0
c := NewCollector()
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
if postValue != string(r.Body) {
t.Error("Failed to send data with POST")
}
visitCount++
})
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", map[string]string{
"name": postValue,
"lastname": "world",
})
if visitCount != 2 {
t.Error("URL POST revisited")
}
c.AllowURLRevisit = true
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
if visitCount != 4 {
t.Error("URL POST not revisited")
}
}
func TestCollectorURLRevisitCheck(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
visited, err := c.HasVisited(ts.URL)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if visited != false {
t.Error("Expected URL to NOT have been visited")
}
c.Visit(ts.URL)
visited, err = c.HasVisited(ts.URL)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if visited != true {
t.Error("Expected URL to have been visited")
}
}
func TestCollectorPostURLRevisitCheck(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
postValue := "hello"
postData := map[string]string{
"name": postValue,
}
posted, err := c.HasPosted(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if posted != false {
t.Error("Expected URL to NOT have been visited")
}
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
posted, err = c.HasPosted(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if posted != true {
t.Error("Expected URL to have been visited")
}
postData["lastname"] = "world"
posted, err = c.HasPosted(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if posted != false {
t.Error("Expected URL to NOT have been visited")
}
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
posted, err = c.HasPosted(ts.URL+"/login", postData)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err.Error())
}
if posted != true {
t.Error("Expected URL to have been visited")
}
}
// TestCollectorURLRevisitDisallowed ensures that disallowed URL is not considered visited.
func TestCollectorURLRevisitDomainDisallowed(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
parsedURL, err := url.Parse(ts.URL)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
c := NewCollector(DisallowedDomains(parsedURL.Hostname()))
err = c.Visit(ts.URL)
if got, want := err, ErrForbiddenDomain; got != want {
t.Fatalf("wrong error on first visit: got=%v want=%v", got, want)
}
err = c.Visit(ts.URL)
if got, want := err, ErrForbiddenDomain; got != want {
t.Fatalf("wrong error on second visit: got=%v want=%v", got, want)
}
}
func TestCollectorPost(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
postValue := "hello"
c := NewCollector()
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
if postValue != string(r.Body) {
t.Error("Failed to send data with POST")
}
})
c.Post(ts.URL+"/login", map[string]string{
"name": postValue,
})
}
func TestCollectorPostRaw(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
postValue := "hello"
c := NewCollector()
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
if postValue != string(r.Body) {
t.Error("Failed to send data with POST")
}
})
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte("name="+postValue))
}
func TestCollectorPostRawRevisit(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
postValue := "hello"
postData := "name=" + postValue
visitCount := 0
c := NewCollector()
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
if postValue != string(r.Body) {
t.Error("Failed to send data with POST RAW")
}
visitCount++
})
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte(postData))
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte(postData))
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte(postData+"&lastname=world"))
if visitCount != 2 {
t.Error("URL POST RAW revisited")
}
c.AllowURLRevisit = true
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte(postData))
c.PostRaw(ts.URL+"/login", []byte(postData))
if visitCount != 4 {
t.Error("URL POST RAW not revisited")
}
}
func TestRedirect(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *HTMLElement) {
u := e.Request.AbsoluteURL(e.Attr("href"))
if !strings.HasSuffix(u, "/redirected/test") {
t.Error("Invalid URL after redirect: " + u)
}
})
c.OnResponse(func(r *Response) {
if !strings.HasSuffix(r.Request.URL.String(), "/redirected/") {
t.Error("Invalid URL in Request after redirect: " + r.Request.URL.String())
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/redirect")
}
func TestBaseTag(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *HTMLElement) {
u := e.Request.AbsoluteURL(e.Attr("href"))
if u != "http://xy.com/z" {
t.Error("Invalid <base /> tag handling in OnHTML: expected https://xy.com/z, got " + u)
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/base")
c2 := NewCollector()
c2.OnXML("//a", func(e *XMLElement) {
u := e.Request.AbsoluteURL(e.Attr("href"))
if u != "http://xy.com/z" {
t.Error("Invalid <base /> tag handling in OnXML: expected https://xy.com/z, got " + u)
}
})
c2.Visit(ts.URL + "/base")
}
func TestBaseTagRelative(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *HTMLElement) {
u := e.Request.AbsoluteURL(e.Attr("href"))
expected := ts.URL + "/foobar/z"
if u != expected {
t.Errorf("Invalid <base /> tag handling in OnHTML: expected %q, got %q", expected, u)
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/base_relative")
c2 := NewCollector()
c2.OnXML("//a", func(e *XMLElement) {
u := e.Request.AbsoluteURL(e.Attr("href"))
expected := ts.URL + "/foobar/z"
if u != expected {
t.Errorf("Invalid <base /> tag handling in OnXML: expected %q, got %q", expected, u)
}
})
c2.Visit(ts.URL + "/base_relative")
}
func TestCollectorCookies(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
if err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/set_cookie"); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/check_cookie"); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to use previously set cookies: %s", err)
}
}
func TestRobotsWhenAllowed(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = false
c.OnResponse(func(resp *Response) {
if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
t.Fatalf("Wrong response code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
}
})
err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/allowed")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
func TestRobotsWhenDisallowed(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = false
c.OnResponse(func(resp *Response) {
t.Fatalf("Received response: %d", resp.StatusCode)
})
err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/disallowed")
if err.Error() != "URL blocked by robots.txt" {
t.Fatalf("wrong error message: %v", err)
}
}
func TestRobotsWhenDisallowedWithQueryParameter(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = false
c.OnResponse(func(resp *Response) {
t.Fatalf("Received response: %d", resp.StatusCode)
})
err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/allowed?q=1")
if err.Error() != "URL blocked by robots.txt" {
t.Fatalf("wrong error message: %v", err)
}
}
func TestIgnoreRobotsWhenDisallowed(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector()
c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = true
c.OnResponse(func(resp *Response) {
if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
t.Fatalf("Wrong response code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
}
})
err := c.Visit(ts.URL + "/disallowed")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
func TestConnectionErrorOnRobotsTxtResultsInError(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
ts.Close() // immediately close the server to force a connection error
c := NewCollector()
c.IgnoreRobotsTxt = false
err := c.Visit(ts.URL)
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("Error expected")
}
}
func TestEnvSettings(t *testing.T) {
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
os.Setenv("COLLY_USER_AGENT", "test")
defer os.Unsetenv("COLLY_USER_AGENT")
c := NewCollector()
valid := false
c.OnResponse(func(resp *Response) {
if string(resp.Body) == "test" {
valid = true
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/user_agent")
if !valid {
t.Fatalf("Wrong user-agent from environment")
}
}
func TestParseHTTPErrorResponse(t *testing.T) {
contentCount := 0
ts := newTestServer()
defer ts.Close()
c := NewCollector(
AllowURLRevisit(),
)
c.OnHTML("p", func(e *HTMLElement) {
if e.Text == "error" {
contentCount++
}
})
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/500")
if contentCount != 0 {
t.Fatal("Content is parsed without ParseHTTPErrorResponse enabled")
}
c.ParseHTTPErrorResponse = true
c.Visit(ts.URL + "/500")
if contentCount != 1 {
t.Fatal("Content isn't parsed with ParseHTTPErrorResponse enabled")
}
}
func TestHTMLElement(t *testing.T) {
ctx := &Context{}
resp := &Response{
Request: &Request{
Ctx: ctx,
},
Ctx: ctx,
}
in := `<a href="http://go-colly.org">Colly</a>`
sel := "a[href]"
doc, err := goquery.NewDocumentFromReader(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(in)))
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
elements := []*HTMLElement{}
i := 0
doc.Find(sel).Each(func(_ int, s *goquery.Selection) {
for _, n := range s.Nodes {
elements = append(elements, NewHTMLElementFromSelectionNode(resp, s, n, i))
i++
}
})
elementsLen := len(elements)
if elementsLen != 1 {
t.Errorf("element length mismatch. got %d, expected %d.\n", elementsLen, 1)
}
v := elements[0]
if v.Name != "a" {
t.Errorf("element tag mismatch. got %s, expected %s.\n", v.Name, "a")
}
if v.Text != "Colly" {
t.Errorf("element content mismatch. got %s, expected %s.\n", v.Text, "Colly")