fix: 更新题目

Author: Blankj

README.md

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 | :--- | :--------------------------------------- | :------------------------------- |
 | 2    | [Add Two Numbers][002]                   | Linked List, Math                |
 | 3    | [Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters][003] | Hash Table, Two Pointers, String |
-| 5    | [Longest Palindromic Substring][005]     | String                           |
+| 5    | [Longest Palindromic Substring][005]     | String, Dynamic Programming      |
 | 6    | [ZigZag Conversion][006]                 | String                           |
 | 8    | [String to Integer (atoi)][008]          | Math, String                     |
 | 11   | [Container With Most Water][011]         | Array, Two Pointers              |

note/005/README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 Given a string **s**, find the longest palindromic substring in **s**. You may assume that the maximum length of **s** is 1000.
 
-**Example:**
+**Example 1:**
 
 ```
 Input: "babad"
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ Output: "bab"
 Note: "aba" is also a valid answer.
 ```
 
-**Example:**
+**Example 2:**
 
 ```
 Input: "cbbd"
 
 Output: "bb"
 ```
 
-**Tags:** String
+**Tags:** String, Dynamic Programming
 
 
 ## 思路 0

note/006/README.md

@@ -15,10 +15,28 @@ And then read line by line: `"PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"`
 Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:
 
 ```
-string convert(string text, int nRows);
+string convert(string s, int numRows);
 ```
 
-`convert("PAYPALISHIRING", 3)` should return `"PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"`.
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
+Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
+Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
+Explanation:
+
+P     I    N
+A   L S  I G
+Y A   H R
+P     I
+```
 
 **Tags:** String
 

note/008/README.md

@@ -2,23 +2,62 @@
 
 ## Description
 
-Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.
+Implement `atoi` which converts a string to an integer.
 
-**Hint:** Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.
+The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.
 
-**Notes:** It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.
+The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.
 
-**Spoilers:**
+If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.
 
-**Requirements for atoi:**
+If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.
 
-The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.
+**Note:**
 
-The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.
+- Only the space character `' '` is considered as whitespace character.
+- Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−2<sup>31</sup>,  2<sup>31</sup> − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2<sup>31</sup> − 1) or INT_MIN (−2<sup>31</sup>) is returned.
 
-If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input: "42"
+Output: 42
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input: "   -42"
+Output: -42
+Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign.
+             Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.
+```
+
+**Example 3:**
+
+```
+Input: "4193 with words"
+Output: 4193
+Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.
+```
+
+**Example 4:**
 
-If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned. If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.
+```
+Input: "words and 987"
+Output: 0
+Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical 
+             digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.
+```
+
+**Example 5:**
+
+```
+Input: "-91283472332"
+Output: -2147483648
+Explanation: The number "-91283472332" is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
+             Thefore INT_MIN (−2^31) is returned.
+```
 
 **Tags:** Math, String
 
@@ -37,12 +76,13 @@ class Solution {
         }
         for (; i < len; ++i) {
             int tmp = str.charAt(i) - '0';
-            if (tmp < 0 || tmp > 9)
-                break;
-            if (ans > Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10 || ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10 && Integer.MAX_VALUE % 10 < tmp)
+            if (tmp < 0 || tmp > 9) break;
+            if (ans > Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10
+                    || (ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10 && (sign == 1 && tmp > 7 || sign == -1 && tmp > 8))) {
                 return sign == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;
-            else
+            } else {
                 ans = ans * 10 + tmp;
+            }
         }
         return sign * ans;
     }

note/009/README.md

@@ -2,19 +2,34 @@
 
 ## Description
 
-Determine whether an integer is a palindrome. Do this without extra space.
+Determine whether an integer is a palindrome. An integer is a palindrome when it reads the same backward as forward.
 
-**Spoilers:**
+**Example 1:**
 
-**Some hints:**
+```
+Input: 121
+Output: true
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input: -121
+Output: false
+Explanation: From left to right, it reads -121. From right to left, it becomes 121-. Therefore it is not a palindrome.
+```
 
-Could negative integers be palindromes? (ie, -1)
+**Example 3:**
 
-If you are thinking of converting the integer to string, note the restriction of using extra space.
+```
+Input: 10
+Output: false
+Explanation: Reads 01 from right to left. Therefore it is not a palindrome.
+```
 
-You could also try reversing an integer. However, if you have solved the problem "Reverse Integer", you know that the reversed integer might overflow. How would you handle such case?
+**Follow up:**
 
-There is a more generic way of solving this problem.
+Coud you solve it without converting the integer to a string?
 
 **Tags:** Math
 

note/010/README.md

@@ -2,25 +2,67 @@
 
 ## Description
 
-Implement regular expression matching with support for `'.'` and `'*'`.
+Given an input string (`s`) and a pattern (`p`), implement regular expression matching with support for `'.'` and `'*'`.
 
 ```
 '.' Matches any single character.
 '*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element.
+```
+
+The matching should cover the **entire** input string (not partial).
+
+**Note:**
+
+- `s` could be empty and contains only lowercase letters `a-z`.
+- `p` could be empty and contains only lowercase letters `a-z`, and characters like `.` or `*`.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input:
+s = "aa"
+p = "a"
+Output: false
+Explanation: "a" does not match the entire string "aa".
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input:
+s = "aa"
+p = "a*"
+Output: true
+Explanation: '*' means zero or more of the precedeng element, 'a'. Therefore, by repeating 'a' once, it becomes "aa".
+```
+
+**Example 3:**
+
+```
+Input:
+s = "ab"
+p = ".*"
+Output: true
+Explanation: ".*" means "zero or more (*) of any character (.)".
+```
 
-The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).
+**Example 4:**
 
-The function prototype should be:
-bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p)
+```
+Input:
+s = "aab"
+p = "c*a*b"
+Output: true
+Explanation: c can be repeated 0 times, a can be repeated 1 time. Therefore it matches "aab".
+```
 
-Some examples:
-isMatch("aa", "a") → false
-isMatch("aa", "aa") → true
-isMatch("aaa", "aa") → false
-isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
-isMatch("aa", ".*") → true
-isMatch("ab", ".*") → true
-isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → true
+**Example 5:**
+
+```
+Input:
+s = "mississippi"
+p = "mis*is*p*."
+Output: false
 ```
 
 **Tags:** String, Dynamic Programming, Backtracking

note/012/README.md

@@ -2,9 +2,65 @@
 
 ## Description
 
-Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.
+Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: `I`, `V`, `X`, `L`, `C`, `D` and `M`.
 
-Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
+```
+Symbol       Value
+I             1
+V             5
+X             10
+L             50
+C             100
+D             500
+M             1000
+```
+
+For example, two is written as `II` in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, `XII`, which is simply `X` + `II`. The number twenty seven is written as `XXVII`, which is `XX` + `V` + `II`.
+
+Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not `IIII`. Instead, the number four is written as `IV`. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as `IX`. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
+
+- `I` can be placed before `V` (5) and `X` (10) to make 4 and 9. 
+- `X` can be placed before `L` (50) and `C` (100) to make 40 and 90. 
+- `C` can be placed before `D` (500) and `M` (1000) to make 400 and 900.
+
+Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+```
+Input: 3
+Output: "III"
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+```
+Input: 4
+Output: "IV"
+```
+
+**Example 3:**
+
+```
+Input: 9
+Output: "IX"
+```
+
+**Example 4:**
+
+```
+Input: 58
+Output: "LVIII"
+Explanation: C = 100, L = 50, XXX = 30 and III = 3.
+```
+
+**Example 5:**
+
+```
+Input: 1994
+Output: "MCMXCIV"
+Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
+```
 
 **Tags:** Math, String