ssh2_exec.c

/* Copyright (C) The libssh2 project and its contributors.
 *
 * Sample showing how to use libssh2 to execute a command remotely.
 *
 * The sample code has fixed values for host name, user name, password
 * and command to run.
 *
 * $ ./ssh2_exec 127.0.0.1 user password "uptime"
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 */

#include "libssh2_setup.h"
#include <libssh2.h>

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

static const char *hostname = "127.0.0.1";
static const char *commandline = "uptime";
static const char *pubkey = "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub";
static const char *privkey = "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa";
static const char *username = "user";
static const char *password = "password";

static int waitsocket(libssh2_socket_t socket_fd, LIBSSH2_SESSION *session)
{
    struct timeval timeout;
    int rc;
    fd_set fd;
    fd_set *writefd = NULL;
    fd_set *readfd = NULL;
    int dir;

    timeout.tv_sec = 10;
    timeout.tv_usec = 0;

    FD_ZERO(&fd);

#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
#endif
    FD_SET(socket_fd, &fd);
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

    /* now make sure we wait in the correct direction */
    dir = libssh2_session_block_directions(session);

    if(dir & LIBSSH2_SESSION_BLOCK_INBOUND)
        readfd = &fd;

    if(dir & LIBSSH2_SESSION_BLOCK_OUTBOUND)
        writefd = &fd;

    rc = select((int)(socket_fd + 1), readfd, writefd, NULL, &timeout);

    return rc;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    uint32_t hostaddr;
    libssh2_socket_t sock;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    const char *fingerprint;
    int rc;
    LIBSSH2_SESSION *session = NULL;
    LIBSSH2_CHANNEL *channel;
    int exitcode;
    char *exitsignal = NULL;
    ssize_t bytecount = 0;
    size_t len;
    LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOSTS *nh;
    int type;

#ifdef _WIN32
    WSADATA wsadata;

    rc = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", rc);
        return 1;
    }
#endif

    if(argc > 1) {
        hostname = argv[1];  /* must be ip address only */
    }
    if(argc > 2) {
        username = argv[2];
    }
    if(argc > 3) {
        password = argv[3];
    }
    if(argc > 4) {
        commandline = argv[4];
    }

    rc = libssh2_init(0);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "libssh2 initialization failed (%d)\n", rc);
        return 1;
    }

    hostaddr = inet_addr(hostname);

    /* Ultra basic "connect to port 22 on localhost".  Your code is
     * responsible for creating the socket establishing the connection
     */
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(sock == LIBSSH2_INVALID_SOCKET) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to create socket.\n");
        goto shutdown;
    }

    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(22);
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = hostaddr;
    if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to connect.\n");
        goto shutdown;
    }

    /* Create a session instance */
    session = libssh2_session_init();
    if(!session) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SSH session.\n");
        goto shutdown;
    }

    /* tell libssh2 we want it all done non-blocking */
    libssh2_session_set_blocking(session, 0);

    /* ... start it up. This will trade welcome banners, exchange keys,
     * and setup crypto, compression, and MAC layers
     */
    while((rc = libssh2_session_handshake(session, sock)) ==
          LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN);
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failure establishing SSH session: %d\n", rc);
        goto shutdown;
    }

    nh = libssh2_knownhost_init(session);
    if(!nh) {
        /* eeek, do cleanup here */
        return 2;
    }

    /* read all hosts from here */
    libssh2_knownhost_readfile(nh, "known_hosts",
                               LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_FILE_OPENSSH);

    /* store all known hosts to here */
    libssh2_knownhost_writefile(nh, "dumpfile",
                                LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_FILE_OPENSSH);

    fingerprint = libssh2_session_hostkey(session, &len, &type);
    if(fingerprint) {
        struct libssh2_knownhost *host;
        int check = libssh2_knownhost_checkp(nh, hostname, 22,
                                             fingerprint, len,
                                             LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_TYPE_PLAIN|
                                             LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_KEYENC_RAW,
                                             &host);

        fprintf(stderr, "Host check: %d, key: %s\n", check,
                (check <= LIBSSH2_KNOWNHOST_CHECK_MISMATCH) ?
                host->key : "<none>");

        /*****
         * At this point, we could verify that 'check' tells us the key is
         * fine or bail out.
         *****/
    }
    else {
        /* eeek, do cleanup here */
        return 3;
    }
    libssh2_knownhost_free(nh);

    if(strlen(password) != 0) {
        /* We could authenticate via password */
        while((rc = libssh2_userauth_password(session, username, password)) ==
              LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN);
        if(rc) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Authentication by password failed.\n");
            goto shutdown;
        }
    }
    else {
        /* Or by public key */
        while((rc = libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile(session, username,
                                                        pubkey, privkey,
                                                        password)) ==
              LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN);
        if(rc) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Authentication by public key failed.\n");
            goto shutdown;
        }
    }

#if 0
    libssh2_trace(session, ~0);
#endif

    /* Exec non-blocking on the remote host */
    do {
        channel = libssh2_channel_open_session(session);
        if(channel ||
           libssh2_session_last_error(session, NULL, NULL, 0) !=
           LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
            break;
        waitsocket(sock, session);
    } while(1);
    if(!channel) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error\n");
        return 1;
    }
    while((rc = libssh2_channel_exec(channel, commandline)) ==
          LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
        waitsocket(sock, session);
    }
    if(rc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "exec error\n");
        return 1;
    }
    for(;;) {
        ssize_t nread;
        /* loop until we block */
        do {
            char buffer[0x4000];
            nread = libssh2_channel_read(channel, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
            if(nread > 0) {
                ssize_t i;
                bytecount += nread;
                fprintf(stderr, "We read:\n");
                for(i = 0; i < nread; ++i)
                    fputc(buffer[i], stderr);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
            }
            else {
                if(nread != LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
                    /* no need to output this for the EAGAIN case */
                    fprintf(stderr, "libssh2_channel_read returned %ld\n",
                            (long)nread);
            }
        } while(nread > 0);

        /* this is due to blocking that would occur otherwise so we loop on
           this condition */
        if(nread == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN) {
            waitsocket(sock, session);
        }
        else
            break;
    }
    exitcode = 127;
    while((rc = libssh2_channel_close(channel)) == LIBSSH2_ERROR_EAGAIN)
        waitsocket(sock, session);

    if(rc == 0) {
        exitcode = libssh2_channel_get_exit_status(channel);
        libssh2_channel_get_exit_signal(channel, &exitsignal,
                                        NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    if(exitsignal)
        fprintf(stderr, "\nGot signal: %s\n",
                exitsignal ? exitsignal : "none");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "\nEXIT: %d bytecount: %ld\n",
                exitcode, (long)bytecount);

    libssh2_channel_free(channel);
    channel = NULL;

shutdown:

    if(session) {
        libssh2_session_disconnect(session, "Normal Shutdown");
        libssh2_session_free(session);
    }

    if(sock != LIBSSH2_INVALID_SOCKET) {
        shutdown(sock, 2);
        LIBSSH2_SOCKET_CLOSE(sock);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "all done\n");

    libssh2_exit();

#ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
#endif

    return 0;
}