diff --git a/bson/binary.py b/bson/binary.py
index 6698e55ccc..a1f63adf27 100644
--- a/bson/binary.py
+++ b/bson/binary.py
@@ -490,6 +490,11 @@ def as_vector(self) -> BinaryVector:
         dtype = BinaryVectorDtype(dtype)
         n_values = len(self) - position
 
+        if padding and dtype != BinaryVectorDtype.PACKED_BIT:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Corrupt data. Padding ({padding}) must be 0 for all but PACKED_BIT dtypes. ({dtype=})"
+            )
+
         if dtype == BinaryVectorDtype.INT8:
             dtype_format = "b"
             format_string = f"<{n_values}{dtype_format}"
@@ -510,6 +515,10 @@ def as_vector(self) -> BinaryVector:
 
         elif dtype == BinaryVectorDtype.PACKED_BIT:
             # data packed as uint8
+            if padding and not n_values:
+                raise ValueError("Corrupt data. Vector has a padding P, but no data.")
+            if padding > 7 or padding < 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"Corrupt data. Padding ({padding}) must be between 0 and 7.")
             dtype_format = "B"
             format_string = f"<{n_values}{dtype_format}"
             unpacked_uint8s = list(struct.unpack_from(format_string, self, position))
diff --git a/test/bson_binary_vector/packed_bit.json b/test/bson_binary_vector/packed_bit.json
index a220e7e318..7cc272e38b 100644
--- a/test/bson_binary_vector/packed_bit.json
+++ b/test/bson_binary_vector/packed_bit.json
@@ -21,22 +21,22 @@
       "canonical_bson": "1600000005766563746F7200040000000910007F0700"
     },
     {
-      "description": "Empty Vector PACKED_BIT",
+      "description": "PACKED_BIT with padding",
       "valid": true,
-      "vector": [],
+      "vector": [127, 8],
       "dtype_hex": "0x10",
       "dtype_alias": "PACKED_BIT",
-      "padding": 0,
-      "canonical_bson": "1400000005766563746F72000200000009100000"
+      "padding": 3,
+      "canonical_bson": "1600000005766563746F7200040000000910037F0800"
     },
     {
-      "description": "PACKED_BIT with padding",
+      "description": "Empty Vector PACKED_BIT",
       "valid": true,
-      "vector": [127, 7],
+      "vector": [],
       "dtype_hex": "0x10",
       "dtype_alias": "PACKED_BIT",
-      "padding": 3,
-      "canonical_bson": "1600000005766563746F7200040000000910037F0700"
+      "padding": 0,
+      "canonical_bson": "1400000005766563746F72000200000009100000"
     },
     {
       "description": "Overflow Vector PACKED_BIT",
diff --git a/test/test_bson_binary_vector.py b/test/test_bson_binary_vector.py
index 9bfdcbfb9a..ba3eff8bb2 100644
--- a/test/test_bson_binary_vector.py
+++ b/test/test_bson_binary_vector.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def create_test(case_spec):
     def run_test(self):
         for test_case in case_spec.get("tests", []):
             description = test_case["description"]
-            vector_exp = test_case.get("vector", [])
+            vector_exp = test_case.get("vector")
             dtype_hex_exp = test_case["dtype_hex"]
             dtype_alias_exp = test_case.get("dtype_alias")
             padding_exp = test_case.get("padding", 0)
@@ -85,14 +85,26 @@ def run_test(self):
                 self.assertEqual(cB_obs, canonical_bson_exp, description)
 
             else:
-                with self.assertRaises((struct.error, ValueError), msg=description):
-                    # Tests Binary.from_vector
-                    Binary.from_vector(vector_exp, dtype_exp, padding_exp)
-                    # Tests Binary.as_vector
-                    cB_exp = binascii.unhexlify(canonical_bson_exp.encode("utf8"))
-                    decoded_doc = decode(cB_exp)
-                    binary_obs = decoded_doc[test_key]
-                    binary_obs.as_vector()
+                """
+                #### To prove correct in an invalid case (`valid:false`), one MUST
+                - (encoding case) if the vector field is present, raise an exception
+                when attempting to encode a document from the numeric values,dtype, and padding.
+                - (decoding case) if the canonical_bson field is present, raise an exception
+                when attempting to deserialize it into the corresponding
+                numeric values, as the field contains corrupted data.
+                """
+                # Tests Binary.from_vector()
+                if vector_exp is not None:
+                    with self.assertRaises((struct.error, ValueError), msg=description):
+                        Binary.from_vector(vector_exp, dtype_exp, padding_exp)
+
+                # Tests Binary.as_vector()
+                if canonical_bson_exp is not None:
+                    with self.assertRaises((struct.error, ValueError), msg=description):
+                        cB_exp = binascii.unhexlify(canonical_bson_exp.encode("utf8"))
+                        decoded_doc = decode(cB_exp)
+                        binary_obs = decoded_doc[test_key]
+                        binary_obs.as_vector()
 
     return run_test