workflow.rst

The Workflow Component

The Workflow component provides tools for managing a workflow or finite state machine.

Installation

$ composer require symfony/workflow

Creating a Workflow

The workflow component gives you an object oriented way to define a process or a life cycle that your object goes through. Each step or stage in the process is called a place. You do also define transitions that describe the action to get from one place to another.

A set of places and transitions creates a definition. A workflow needs a Definition and a way to write the states to the objects (i.e. an instance of a :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Workflow\\MarkingStore\\MarkingStoreInterface`).

Consider the following example for a blog post. A post can have one of a number of predefined statuses (draft, reviewed, rejected, published). In a workflow, these statuses are called places. You can define the workflow like this:

use Symfony\Component\Workflow\DefinitionBuilder;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\MarkingStore\MethodMarkingStore;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Transition;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Workflow;

$definitionBuilder = new DefinitionBuilder();
$definition = $definitionBuilder->addPlaces(['draft', 'reviewed', 'rejected', 'published'])
    // Transitions are defined with a unique name, an origin place and a destination place
    ->addTransition(new Transition('to_review', 'draft', 'reviewed'))
    ->addTransition(new Transition('publish', 'reviewed', 'published'))
    ->addTransition(new Transition('reject', 'reviewed', 'rejected'))
    ->build()
;

$singleState = true; // true if the subject can be in only one state at a given time
$property = 'currentState'; // subject property name where the state is stored
$marking = new MethodMarkingStore($singleState, $property);
$workflow = new Workflow($definition, $marking);

The Workflow can now help you to decide what transitions (actions) are allowed on a blog post depending on what place (state) it is in. This will keep your domain logic in one place and not spread all over your application.

Usage

Here's an example of using the workflow defined above:

// ...
// Consider that $blogPost is in place "draft" by default
$blogPost = new BlogPost();

$workflow->can($blogPost, 'publish'); // False
$workflow->can($blogPost, 'to_review'); // True

$workflow->apply($blogPost, 'to_review'); // $blogPost is now in place "reviewed"

$workflow->can($blogPost, 'publish'); // True
$workflow->getEnabledTransitions($blogPost); // $blogPost can perform transition "publish" or "reject"

Initialization

If the property of your object is null and you want to set it with the initial_marking from the configuration, you can call the getMarking() method to initialize the object property:

// ...
$blogPost = new BlogPost();

// initiate workflow
$workflow->getMarking($blogPost);

Using The Workflow Registry

When you define multiple workflows you may consider using a Registry, which is an object that stores and provides access to different workflows. A registry will also help you to decide if a workflow supports the object you are trying to use it with:

use Acme\Entity\BlogPost;
use Acme\Entity\Newsletter;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Registry;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\SupportStrategy\InstanceOfSupportStrategy;

$blogPostWorkflow = ...;
$newsletterWorkflow = ...;

$registry = new Registry();
$registry->addWorkflow($blogPostWorkflow, new InstanceOfSupportStrategy(BlogPost::class));
$registry->addWorkflow($newsletterWorkflow, new InstanceOfSupportStrategy(Newsletter::class));

You can then use the registry to get the workflow for a specific object:

$blogPost = new BlogPost();
$workflow = $registry->get($blogPost);

// initiate workflow
$workflow->getMarking($blogPost);

Caution!

Beware that injecting the Registry into your services is not recommended. Indeed, it prevents some optimization like lazy-loading from working and could be a performance hog. Instead, you should always inject the workflow you need.

Learn more

Read more about the usage of the :doc:`Workflow component </workflow>` inside a Symfony application.

.. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
    :glob:

    /workflow/*