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Instructions for installing Docker Engine on Debian
requirements, apt, installation, debian, install, uninstall, upgrade, update
/engine/installation/debian/
/engine/installation/linux/raspbian/
/engine/installation/linux/debian/
/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/debian/
/install/linux/docker-ce/debian/
Install Docker Engine on Debian
4

To get started with Docker Engine on Debian, make sure you meet the prerequisites, then install Docker.

Prerequisites

OS requirements

To install Docker Engine, you need the 64-bit version of one of these Debian or Raspbian versions:

  • Debian Bullseye 11 (stable)
  • Debian Buster 10 (oldstable)
  • Raspbian Bullseye 11 (stable)
  • Raspbian Buster 10 (oldstable)

Docker Engine is supported on x86_64 (or amd64), armhf, and arm64 architectures.

Uninstall old versions

Older versions of Docker were called docker, docker.io, or docker-engine. If these are installed, uninstall them:

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

It's OK if apt-get reports that none of these packages are installed.

The contents of /var/lib/docker/, including images, containers, volumes, and networks, are preserved. If you do not need to save your existing data, and want to start with a clean installation, refer to the uninstall Docker Engine section at the bottom of this page.

Installation methods

You can install Docker Engine in different ways, depending on your needs:

  • Most users set up Docker's repositories and install from them, for ease of installation and upgrade tasks. This is the recommended approach, except for Raspbian.

  • Some users download the DEB package and install it manually and manage upgrades completely manually. This is useful in situations such as installing Docker on air-gapped systems with no access to the internet.

  • In testing and development environments, some users choose to use automated convenience scripts to install Docker. This is currently the only approach for Raspbian.

Install using the repository

Before you install Docker Engine for the first time on a new host machine, you need to set up the Docker repository. Afterward, you can install and update Docker from the repository.

Raspbian users cannot use this method!

For Raspbian, installing using the repository is not yet supported. You must instead use the convenience script.

Set up the repository

{% assign download-url-base = "https://download.docker.com/linux/debian" %}

  1. Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:

    $ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

  2. Add Docker's official GPG key:

    $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
$ curl -fsSL {{ download-url-base }}/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

  3. Use the following command to set up the repository:

    $ echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] {{ download-url-base }} \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Install Docker Engine

This procedure works for Debian on x86_64 / amd64, armhf, arm64, and Raspbian.

  1. Update the apt package index, and install the latest version of Docker Engine, containerd, and Docker Compose, or go to the next step to install a specific version:

    $ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

    Receiving a GPG error when running apt-get update?

    Your default umask may not be set correctly, causing the public key file for the repo to not be detected. Run the following command and then try to update your repo again: sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg.

  2. To install a specific version of Docker Engine, list the available versions in the repo, then select and install:

    a. List the versions available in your repo:

    $ apt-cache madison docker-ce

  docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~debian-stretch | {{ download-url-base }} stretch/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~debian-stretch | {{ download-url-base }} stretch/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~debian        | {{ download-url-base }} stretch/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~debian        | {{ download-url-base }} stretch/stable amd64 Packages

    b. Install a specific version using the version string from the second column, for example, 5:18.09.1~3-0~debian-stretch.

    $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

  3. Verify that Docker Engine is installed correctly by running the hello-world image.

    $ sudo docker run hello-world

    This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints a message and exits.

Docker Engine is installed and running. The docker group is created but no users are added to it. You need to use sudo to run Docker commands. Continue to Linux postinstall to allow non-privileged users to run Docker commands and for other optional configuration steps.

Upgrade Docker Engine

To upgrade Docker Engine, first run sudo apt-get update, then follow the installation instructions, choosing the new version you want to install.

Install from a package

If you cannot use Docker's repository to install Docker Engine, you can download the .deb file for your release and install it manually. You need to download a new file each time you want to upgrade Docker.

  1. Go to [{{ download-url-base }}/dists/]({{ download-url-base }}/dists/){: target="blank" rel="noopener" class="" }, choose your Debian version, then browse to pool/stable/, choose amd64, armhf, or arm64, and download the .deb file for the Docker Engine version you want to install.

  2. Install Docker Engine, changing the path below to the path where you downloaded the Docker package.

    $ sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package.deb

    The Docker daemon starts automatically.

  3. Verify that Docker Engine is installed correctly by running the hello-world image.

    $ sudo docker run hello-world

    This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints a message and exits.

Docker Engine is installed and running. The docker group is created but no users are added to it. You need to use sudo to run Docker commands. Continue to Post-installation steps for Linux to allow non-privileged users to run Docker commands and for other optional configuration steps.

Upgrade Docker Engine

To upgrade Docker Engine, download the newer package file and repeat the installation procedure, pointing to the new file.

{% include install-script.md %}

Uninstall Docker Engine

  1. Uninstall the Docker Engine, CLI, Containerd, and Docker Compose packages:

    $ sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

  2. Images, containers, volumes, or customized configuration files on your host are not automatically removed. To delete all images, containers, and volumes:

    $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

You must delete any edited configuration files manually.

Next steps