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</head>
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Spring WebFlux Workshop</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Brian Clozel, Violeta Georgieva - Pivotal</span><br>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_stock_quotes_application">Stock Quotes application</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_create_this_application">Create this application</a></li>
<li><a href="#_create_a_quote_generator">Create a Quote Generator</a></li>
<li><a href="#_functional_web_applications_with_webflux_fn">Functional web applications with "WebFlux.fn"</a></li>
<li><a href="#_create_your_first_handlerfunction_routerfunction">Create your first HandlerFunction + RouterFunction</a></li>
<li><a href="#_expose_the_flux_quotes_as_a_web_service">Expose the Flux<Quotes> as a web service</a></li>
<li><a href="#_integration_tests_with_webtestclient">Integration tests with WebTestClient</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_trading_service_application">Trading Service application</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_create_this_application_2">Create this application</a></li>
<li><a href="#_use_tomcat_as_a_web_engine">Use Tomcat as a web engine</a></li>
<li><a href="#_use_a_reactive_datastore">Use a reactive datastore</a></li>
<li><a href="#_create_a_json_web_service">Create a JSON web service</a></li>
<li><a href="#_use_thymeleaf_to_render_html_views">Use Thymeleaf to render HTML views</a></li>
<li><a href="#_use_the_webclient_to_stream_json_to_the_browser">Use the WebClient to stream JSON to the browser</a></li>
<li><a href="#_create_and_configure_a_websockethandler">Create and Configure a WebSocketHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#_integration_tests_with_websocketclient">Integration tests with WebSocketClient</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_additional_resources">Additional Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This repository hosts a complete workshop on Spring Boot + Spring WebFlux.
Just follow this README and create your first WebFlux applications!
Each step of this workshop has its companion commit in the git history with a detailed commit message.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’ll create two applications:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>stock-quotes</code> is a functional WebFlux app which streams stock quotes</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>trading-service</code> is an annotation-based WebFlux app using a datastore, HTML views, and several browser-related technologies</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Reference documentations can be useful while working on those apps:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://projectreactor.io/docs">Reactor Core documentation</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Spring WebFlux
<a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.0.6.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web-reactive.html#spring-webflux">reference documentation</a>
and <a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.0.6.RELEASE/javadoc-api/">javadoc</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_stock_quotes_application"><a class="anchor" href="#_stock_quotes_application"></a>Stock Quotes application</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_create_this_application"><a class="anchor" href="#_create_this_application"></a>Create this application</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Go to <code><a href="https://start.spring.io" class="bare">https://start.spring.io</a></code> and create a Maven project with Spring Boot 2.0.2.RELEASE,
with groupId <code>io.spring.workshop</code> and artifactId <code>stock-quotes</code>. Select the <code>Reactive Web</code>
Boot starter.
Unzip the given file into a directory and import that application into your IDE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If generated right, you should have a main <code>Application</code> class that looks like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">stock-quotes/src/main/java/io/spring/workshop/stockquotes/StockQuotesApplication.java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">package io.spring.workshop.stockquotes;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockQuotesApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StockQuotesApplication.class, args);
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Edit your <code>application.properties</code> file to start the server on a specific port.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">stock-quotes/src/main/resources/application.properties</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties">server.port=8081</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Launching it from your IDE or with <code>mvn spring-boot:run</code> should start a Netty server on port 8081.
You should see in the logs something like:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">INFO 2208 --- [ restartedMain] o.s.b.web.embedded.netty.NettyWebServer : Netty started on port(s): 8081
INFO 2208 --- [ restartedMain] i.s.w.s.StockQuotesApplication : Started StockQuotesApplication in 1.905 seconds (JVM running for 3.075)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_create_a_quote_generator"><a class="anchor" href="#_create_a_quote_generator"></a>Create a Quote Generator</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To simulate real stock values, we’ll create a generator that emits such values at a specific interval.
Copy the following classes to your project.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">stock-quotes/src/main/java/io/spring/workshop/stockquotes/Quote.java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">package io.spring.workshop.stockquotes;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.MathContext;
import java.time.Instant;
public class Quote {
private static final MathContext MATH_CONTEXT = new MathContext(2);
private String ticker;
private BigDecimal price;
private Instant instant;
public Quote() {
}
public Quote(String ticker, BigDecimal price) {
this.ticker = ticker;
this.price = price;
}
public Quote(String ticker, Double price) {
this(ticker, new BigDecimal(price, MATH_CONTEXT));
}
public String getTicker() {
return ticker;
}
public void setTicker(String ticker) {
this.ticker = ticker;
}
public BigDecimal getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(BigDecimal price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Instant getInstant() {
return instant;
}
public void setInstant(Instant instant) {
this.instant = instant;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Quote{" +
"ticker='" + ticker + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", instant=" + instant +
'}';
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">stock-quotes/src/main/java/io/spring/workshop/stockquotes/QuoteGenerator.java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">package io.spring.workshop.stockquotes;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.MathContext;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class QuoteGenerator {
private final MathContext mathContext = new MathContext(2);
private final Random random = new Random();
private final List<Quote> prices = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* Bootstraps the generator with tickers and initial prices
*/
public QuoteGenerator() {
this.prices.add(new Quote("CTXS", 82.26));
this.prices.add(new Quote("DELL", 63.74));
this.prices.add(new Quote("GOOG", 847.24));
this.prices.add(new Quote("MSFT", 65.11));
this.prices.add(new Quote("ORCL", 45.71));
this.prices.add(new Quote("RHT", 84.29));
this.prices.add(new Quote("VMW", 92.21));
}
public Flux<Quote> fetchQuoteStream(Duration period) {
// We want to emit quotes with a specific period;
// to do so, we create a Flux.interval
return Flux.interval(period)
// In case of back-pressure, drop events
.onBackpressureDrop()
// For each tick, generate a list of quotes
.map(this::generateQuotes)
// "flatten" that List<Quote> into a Flux<Quote>
.flatMapIterable(quotes -> quotes)
.log("io.spring.workshop.stockquotes");
}
/*
* Create quotes for all tickers at a single instant.
*/
private List<Quote> generateQuotes(long interval) {
final Instant instant = Instant.now();
return prices.stream()
.map(baseQuote -> {
BigDecimal priceChange = baseQuote.getPrice()
.multiply(new BigDecimal(0.05 * this.random.nextDouble()), this.mathContext);
Quote result = new Quote(baseQuote.getTicker(), baseQuote.getPrice().add(priceChange));
result.setInstant(instant);
return result;
})
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_functional_web_applications_with_webflux_fn"><a class="anchor" href="#_functional_web_applications_with_webflux_fn"></a>Functional web applications with "WebFlux.fn"</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Spring WebFlux comes in two flavors of web applications: annotation based and functional.
For this first application, we’ll use the functional variant.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Incoming HTTP requests are handled by a <code>HandlerFunction</code>, which is essentially a function
that takes a ServerRequest and returns a <code>Mono<ServerResponse></code>. The annotation counterpart
to a handler function would be a Controller method.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>But how those incoming requests are routed to the right handler?</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’re using a <code>RouterFunction</code>, which is a function that takes a <code>ServerRequest</code>, and returns
a <code>Mono<HandlerFunction></code>. If a request matches a particular route, a handler function is returned;
otherwise it returns an empty <code>Mono</code>. The <code>RouterFunction</code> has a similar purpose as the <code>@RequestMapping</code>
annotation in <code>@Controller</code> classes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Take a look at the code samples in
<a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.0.6.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#web-reactive-server-functional">the Spring WebFlux.fn reference documentation</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_create_your_first_handlerfunction_routerfunction"><a class="anchor" href="#_create_your_first_handlerfunction_routerfunction"></a>Create your first HandlerFunction + RouterFunction</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>First, create a <code>QuoteHandler</code> class and mark is as a <code>@Component</code>;this class will have all our handler functions as methods.
Now create a <code>hello</code> handler function in that class that always returns "text/plain" HTTP responses with "Hello Spring!" as body.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To route requests to that handler, you need to expose a <code>RouterFunction</code> to Spring Boot.
Create a <code>QuoteRouter</code> configuration class (i.e. annotated with <code>@Configuration</code>)
that creates a bean of type <code>RouterFunction<ServerResponse></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Modify that class so that GET requests to <code>"/hello"</code> are routed to the handler you just implemented.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
Since <code>QuoteHandler</code> is a component, you can inject it in <code>@Bean</code> methods as a method parameter.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your application should now behave like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ curl http://localhost:8081/hello -i
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
transfer-encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Hello Spring!%</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Once done, add another endpoint:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>with a HandlerFunction <code>echo</code> that echoes the request body in the response, as "text/plain"</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>and an additional route in our existing <code>RouterFunction</code> that accepts POST requests on
<code>"/echo"</code> with a "text/plain" body and returns responses with the same content type.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can also use this new endpoint with:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ curl http://localhost:8081/echo -i -d "WebFlux workshop" -H "Content-Type: text/plain"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
transfer-encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/plain
WebFlux workshop%</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_expose_the_flux_quotes_as_a_web_service"><a class="anchor" href="#_expose_the_flux_quotes_as_a_web_service"></a>Expose the Flux<Quotes> as a web service</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>First, let’s inject our <code>QuoteGenerator</code> instance in our <code>QuoteHandler</code>, instantiate
a <code>Flux<Quote></code> from it that emits a <code>Quote</code> every 200 msec and can be <strong>shared</strong> between
multiple subscribers (look at the <code>Flux</code> operators for that). This instance should be kept
as an attribute for reusability.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now create a <code>streamQuotes</code> handler that streams those generated quotes
with the <code>"application/stream+json"</code> content type. Add the corresponding part in the <code>RouterFunction</code>,
on the <code>"/quotes"</code> endpoint.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">$ curl http://localhost:8081/quotes -i -H "Accept: application/stream+json"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
transfer-encoding: chunked
Content-Type: application/stream+json
{"ticker":"CTXS","price":84.0,"instant":1494841666.633000000}
{"ticker":"DELL","price":67.1,"instant":1494841666.834000000}
{"ticker":"GOOG","price":869,"instant":1494841667.034000000}
{"ticker":"MSFT","price":66.5,"instant":1494841667.231000000}
{"ticker":"ORCL","price":46.13,"instant":1494841667.433000000}
{"ticker":"RHT","price":86.9,"instant":1494841667.634000000}
{"ticker":"VMW","price":93.7,"instant":1494841667.833000000}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Let’s now create a variant of that — instead of streaming all values (with an infinite stream), we can
now take the last "n" elements of that <code>Flux</code> and return those as a collection of Quotes with
the content type <code>"application/json"</code>. Note that you should take the requested number of Quotes
from the request itself, with the query parameter named <code>"size"</code> (or pick <code>10</code> as the default size
if none was provided).</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">curl http://localhost:8081/quotes -i -H "Accept: application/json"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
transfer-encoding: chunked
Content-Type: application/json
[{"ticker":"CTXS","price":85.8,"instant":1494842241.716000000},{"ticker":"DELL","price":64.69,"instant":1494842241.913000000},{"ticker":"GOOG","price":856.5,"instant":1494842242.112000000},{"ticker":"MSFT","price":68.2,"instant":1494842242.317000000},{"ticker":"ORCL","price":47.4,"instant":1494842242.513000000},{"ticker":"RHT","price":85.6,"instant":1494842242.716000000},{"ticker":"VMW","price":96.1,"instant":1494842242.914000000},{"ticker":"CTXS","price":85.5,"instant":1494842243.116000000},{"ticker":"DELL","price":64.88,"instant":1494842243.316000000},{"ticker":"GOOG","price":889,"instant":1494842243.517000000}]%</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_integration_tests_with_webtestclient"><a class="anchor" href="#_integration_tests_with_webtestclient"></a>Integration tests with WebTestClient</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Spring WebFlux (actually the <code>spring-test</code> module) includes a <code>WebTestClient</code>
that can be used to test WebFlux server endpoints with or without a running server.
Tests without a running server are comparable to MockMvc from Spring MVC where mock request
and response are used instead of connecting over the network using a socket.
The WebTestClient however can also perform tests against a running server.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can check that your last endpoint is working properly with the following
integration test:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">stock-quotes/src/test/java/io/spring/workshop/stockquotes/StockQuotesApplicationTests.java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">package io.spring.workshop.stockquotes;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// We create a `@SpringBootTest`, starting an actual server on a `RANDOM_PORT`
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class StockQuotesApplicationTests {
// Spring Boot will create a `WebTestClient` for you,
// already configure and ready to issue requests against "localhost:RANDOM_PORT"
@Autowired
private WebTestClient webTestClient;
@Test
public void fetchQuotes() {
webTestClient
// We then create a GET request to test an endpoint
.get().uri("/quotes?size=20")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.exchange()
// and use the dedicated DSL to test assertions against the response
.expectStatus().isOk()
.expectHeader().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.expectBodyList(Quote.class)
.hasSize(20)
// Here we check that all Quotes have a positive price value
.consumeWith(allQuotes ->
assertThat(allQuotes.getResponseBody())
.allSatisfy(quote -> assertThat(quote.getPrice()).isPositive()));
}
@Test
public void fetchQuotesAsStream() {
List<Quote> result = webTestClient
// We then create a GET request to test an endpoint
.get().uri("/quotes")
// this time, accepting "application/stream+json"
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_STREAM_JSON)
.exchange()
// and use the dedicated DSL to test assertions against the response
.expectStatus().isOk()
.expectHeader().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_STREAM_JSON)
.returnResult(Quote.class)
.getResponseBody()
.take(30)
.collectList()
.block();
assertThat(result).allSatisfy(quote -> assertThat(quote.getPrice()).isPositive());
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_trading_service_application"><a class="anchor" href="#_trading_service_application"></a>Trading Service application</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_create_this_application_2"><a class="anchor" href="#_create_this_application_2"></a>Create this application</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Go to <code><a href="https://start.spring.io" class="bare">https://start.spring.io</a></code> and create a Maven project with Spring Boot 2.0.2.RELEASE,
with groupId <code>io.spring.workshop</code> and artifactId <code>trading-service</code>. Select the <code>Reactive Web</code>
, <code>Devtools</code>, <code>Thymeleaf</code> and <code>Reactive Mongo</code> Boot starters.
Unzip the given file into a directory and import that application into your IDE.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_use_tomcat_as_a_web_engine"><a class="anchor" href="#_use_tomcat_as_a_web_engine"></a>Use Tomcat as a web engine</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, <code>spring-boot-starter-webflux</code> transitively brings <code>spring-boot-starter-reactor-netty</code>
and Spring Boot auto-configures Reactor Netty as a web server. For this application, we’ll use
Tomcat as an alternative.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">trading-service/pom.xml</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that Spring Boot supports as well Undertow and Jetty.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_use_a_reactive_datastore"><a class="anchor" href="#_use_a_reactive_datastore"></a>Use a reactive datastore</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In this application, we’ll use a MongoDB datastore with its reactive driver;
for this workshop, we’ll use an in-memory instance of MongoDB. So add the following:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">trading-service/pom.xml</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"> <dependency>
<groupId>de.flapdoodle.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo</artifactId>
</dependency></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We’d like to manage <code>TradingUser</code> with our datastore.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">trading-service/src/main/java/io/spring/workshop/tradingservice/TradingUser.java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">package io.spring.workshop.tradingservice;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
@Document
public class TradingUser {
@Id
private String id;
private String userName;
private String fullName;
public TradingUser() {
}
public TradingUser(String id, String userName, String fullName) {
this.id = id;
this.userName = userName;
this.fullName = fullName;
}