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RTMP Ingest

Livepeer starts a RTMP server on the default port of 1935 as the ingest point into the Livepeer network. Upon ingest, the segmenter pulls the RTMP stream prior to transcoding.

Ingest Configuration

By default, the RTMP server listens to localhost on the default RTMP port of 1935.

This can be set at node start-up time with the -rtmpAddr flag, which takes an interface:port pair, such as -rtmpAddr 0.0.0.0:1936 which would make the Livepeer node listen to all interfaces on port 1936.

The node has a default maximum of 10 concurrent RTMP sessions. To change this, run the node with the -maxSessions flag indicating the limit, for example -maxSessions 100 to raise the limit to 100 concurrent sessions.

Stream Naming and Addressing

The stream name is taken to be the first part of the RTMP URL path. The stream name may optionally be prefixed with /stream/ to match the HLS output address.

# Canonical Form
rtmp://localhost/movie1
rtmp://localhost/movie2

# Alternate Form
rtmp://localhost/stream/movie1
rtmp://localhost/stream/movie2

# Output URL
http://localhost:8935/stream/movie1.m3u8
http://localhost:8935/stream/movie2.m3u8

If no name is provided, then a stream name is randomly generated. For example:

# Ingest URL
rtmp://localhost
rtmp://localhost/stream # alternate form; /stream gets stripped

# RTMP Playback URL
rtmp://localhost/<randomStreamName>/<randomStreamKey>

# HLS Playback URL
http://localhost:8935/stream/<randomStreamName>.m3u8

There are two options for using randomly generated stream names.

If the node is started with the -currentManifest flag, then the latest stream can be accessed via the HLS current.m3u8 endpoint, regardless of its name, eg

curl http://localhost:8935/stream/current.m3u8

Alternatively, a list of active streams can be found by querying the CLI API:

curl http://localhost:7935/status

Stream Authentication

Streams can be authenticated through a webhook. See the documentation on the RTMP Authentication Webhook for more details.

RTMP Playback Protection

The RTMP stream can be played back, or pulled from Livepeer by another part of the ingest infrastructure. To prevent unauthorized RTMP playback of streams whose name is known, a stream key is randomly appended to the playback URL at ingest itme. However, the broadcaster can control the stream key by appending the key to the RTMP URL.

# Ingest and Playback URL: protected by stream key
rtmp://localhost/movie/Secret/Stream/Key

# HLS Output URL: publicly known
http://localhost:8935/stream/movie.m3u8

Here, the stream name is movie and the stream key is Secret/Stream/Key. The RTMP stream can then be played back with this complete RTMP URL. The key is optional; if one is not supplied, then a random key will be generated. The key may also be specified via webhook.

HTTP Push

Livepeer starts an HTTP server on the default port of 8935, as another ingest point into the Livepeer network. Upon ingest, HTTP stream is pushed to the segmenter prior to transcoding. The stream can be pushed via a PUT or POST HTTP request to the /live/ endpoint. HTTP request timeout is 8 seconds.

The body of the request should be the binary data of the MPEG TS segment.

Two HTTP headers should be provided:

  • Content-Resolution - in the format widthxheight, for example: 1920x1080.
  • Content-Duration - duration of the segment, in milliseconds. Should be an integer.

The upload URL should have this structure: http://broadcasters:8935/live/movie/12.ts

Where movie is name of the stream and 12 is the sequence number of the segment.

The HLS manifest will be available at http://broadcasters:8935/stream/movie.m3u8

Possble statuses returned by HTTP request:

  • 500 Internal Server Error - in case there was error during segment's transcode
  • 503 Service Unavailable - if the broadcaster wasn't able to find an orchestrator to transcode the segment
  • 200 OK - if transcoded successfully. Returned only after transcode completed

Optionally, actual transcoded segments or URLs pointing to them can be returned in the response. If multipart/mixed specified in the Accept header, then Content-Type of the response will be set to multipart/mixed, and the body will consist of 'parts', according to RFC1341. If external object storage is used by broadcaster, then each part will have application/vnd+livepeer.uri content type, and will contain URL for the transcoded segment. If no external object storage is used, then Content-Type of each part will be video/MP2T, and the body of the part will contain the actual transcoded segment.

Each part will also contain these headers:

  • Content-Length - length of the part in bytes
  • Rendition-Name - profile name of the rendition, either as specified in broadcaster's configuration or as returned from webhook. For example - P144p25fps16x9
  • Content-Disposition will contain attachment; filename="FILENAME". For example - attachment; filename="P144p25fps16x9_12.ts" or attachment; filename="P144p25fps16x9_17.txt"

Sample URLs and requests:

# Push URL
http://localhost:8935/live/movie/12.ts

# HLS Playback URL
http://localhost:8935/stream/movie.m3u8

# Curl request
curl -X PUT -H "Accept: multipart/mixed" -H "Content-Duration: 2000" -H "Content-Resolution: 1920x1080"  --data-binary "@bbb0.ts" http://localhost:8935/live/movie/0.ts

# FFMPEG request
ffmpeg -re -i movie.mp4 -c:a copy -c:v copy -f hls http://localhost:8935/live/movie/

Exapmle responses:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=2f8514cee02991b34c00
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 00:02:22 GMT
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

--2f8514cee02991b34c00
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="P240p30fps16x9_10.txt"
Content-Length: 34
Content-Type: application/vnd+livepeer.uri
Rendition-Name: P240p30fps16x9

https://external.storage/stream/movie/P240p30fps16x9/10.ts
--2f8514cee02991b34c00--

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=94eaf473f7957940e066
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 00:04:40 GMT
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

--94eaf473f7957940e066
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="P240p30fps16x9_10.ts"
Content-Length: 105656
Content-Type: video/MP2T
Rendition-Name: P240p30fps16x9^M

Binary data here

--94eaf473f7957940e066--