Merge pull request algorithm-visualizer#225 from kopiro/pr-rabinmiller

Added Miller-Rabin primality test

Author: TornjV

algorithm/category.json

@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@
    "number_theory": {
       "list": {
         "euclidean_algorithm": "Euclidean Algorithm",
-        "sieve_of_eratosthenes": "Sieve of Eratosthenes"
+        "sieve_of_eratosthenes": "Sieve of Eratosthenes",
+        "miller_rabin_primality_test": "Miller-Rabin primality test"
       },
       "name": "Number Theory"
    },

algorithm/number_theory/miller_rabin_primality_test/basic/code.js

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Utility function to do modular exponentiation.
+// It returns (x^y) % p
+function power(x, y, p)
+{
+	var res = 1;
+	x = x % p;
+	while (y > 0) {
+    	// If y is odd, multiply x with result
+      if (y & 1) res = (res*x) % p;
+      // y must be even now
+      y = y>>1; // y = y/2
+      x = (x*x) % p;
+   }
+   return res;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determine if N is prime using Miller-Rabin probabilistic algorithm
+ * @param  {Number} n The number
+ * @param  {Number} k An integer that determine the accuracy of the solution
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ */
+function testProbablyPrime(n, k) {
+	logger._print("==> Testing number " + n);
+
+	if (n === 1 || n === 3) {
+		logger._print("==> Simple case, N is 1 or 3");
+		return true;
+	}
+	if (n % 2 === 0) {
+		logger._print("==> Simple case, " + n + " mod 2 = 0");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Write (n - 1) as 2^s * d
+	var d = n-1;
+	while (d % 2 === 0) {
+		d /= 2;
+	}
+	logger._print("d = " + d);
+
+	// Do 5 iterations if none supplied
+	k = k || 5;
+	var P = 100 * (1 - (1/Math.pow(4, k)));
+
+	WitnessLoop: do {
+		logger._print("Remaining iterations: #" + k);
+
+		var a = 2 + Math.floor(Math.random() * (n - 4));
+		logger._print("--> first test with random = " + a);
+
+		// Compute a^d % n
+		var x = power(a, d, n);
+
+		if (x === 1 || x === n - 1) {
+			logger._print("--> continue WitnessLoop, x = 1 or x = n-1");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		logger._print("--> second test");
+		
+		// Keep squaring x while one of the following doesn't
+    	// happen
+    	// (i)   d does not reach n-1
+    	// (ii)  (x^2) % n is not 1
+    	// (iii) (x^2) % n is not n-1
+    	var i = d;
+    	while (i != n-1) {
+    		x = (x * x) % n;
+    		i *= 2;
+
+    		if (x == 1) {
+    			logger._print("--> exiting, " + n + " is composite");
+    			return false;
+    		}
+
+    		if (x == n-1) {
+    			logger._print("--> continue WitnessLoop");
+				continue WitnessLoop;
+			}
+    	}
+
+		logger._print("--> exiting, " + n + " is composite 'cause (n-1) is reached");
+		return false;
+
+	} while (--k);
+ 	
+	logger._print("End of tests, " + n + " is probably prime with probabilty of " + P + "%");
+	return true;
+}

algorithm/number_theory/miller_rabin_primality_test/basic/data.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+var logger = new LogTracer();
+
+var a = Math.floor(Math.random()*300); if (a % 2 === 0) a += 1;
+testProbablyPrime(a);
+logger._print("----------");
+
+var a = Math.floor(Math.random()*300); if (a % 2 === 0) a += 1;
+testProbablyPrime(a);
+logger._print("----------");
+
+var a = Math.floor(Math.random()*300); if (a % 2 === 0) a += 1;
+testProbablyPrime(a);
+logger._print("----------");
+
+testProbablyPrime(151);
+logger._print("----------");
+
+testProbablyPrime(199, 10);

algorithm/number_theory/miller_rabin_primality_test/desc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "Miller-Rabin primality test": "Determines whether a given number is prime",
+  "Complexity": {
+    "time": "$O(klog^{3}(n)))$",
+    "probability": "$1 - (1/(4^{k}))$"
+  },
+  "References": [
+    "<a href='https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Miller%E2%80%93Rabin_primality_test'>Wikipedia</a>"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "basic": "Miller Rabin primality test"
+  }
+}