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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
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<title>Tiny C Compiler Reference Documentation</title>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC36" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h1 class="settitle">Tiny C Compiler Reference Documentation</h1>
<p>This manual documents version of the Tiny C Compiler.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC1">1. Introduction</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Introduction to tcc.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC2">2. Command line invocation</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Invocation of tcc (command line, options).
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC5">3. C language support</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANSI C and extensions.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC10">4. TinyCC Assembler</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Assembler syntax.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC16">5. TinyCC Linker</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Output file generation and supported targets.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC21">6. TinyCC Memory and Bound checks</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Automatic bounds-checking of C code.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC22">7. The <code>libtcc</code> library</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> The libtcc library.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#SEC23">8. Developer's guide</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Guide for Developers.
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="1">
<a name="Introduction"></a>
<a name="SEC1"></a>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h1 class="chapter"> 1. Introduction </h1>
<p>TinyCC (aka TCC) is a small but hyper fast C compiler. Unlike other C
compilers, it is meant to be self-relying: you do not need an
external assembler or linker because TCC does that for you.
</p>
<p>TCC compiles so <em>fast</em> that even for big projects <code>Makefile</code>s may
not be necessary.
</p>
<p>TCC not only supports ANSI C, but also most of the new ISO C99
standard and many GNUC extensions including inline assembly.
</p>
<p>TCC can also be used to make <em>C scripts</em>, i.e. pieces of C source
that you run as a Perl or Python script. Compilation is so fast that
your script will be as fast as if it was an executable.
</p>
<p>TCC can also automatically generate memory and bound checks
(see section <a href="#SEC21">TinyCC Memory and Bound checks</a>) while allowing all C pointers operations. TCC can do
these checks even if non patched libraries are used.
</p>
<p>With <code>libtcc</code>, you can use TCC as a backend for dynamic code
generation (see section <a href="#SEC22">The <code>libtcc</code> library</a>).
</p>
<p>TCC mainly supports the i386 target on Linux and Windows. There are alpha
ports for the ARM (<code>arm-tcc</code>) and the TMS320C67xx targets
(<code>c67-tcc</code>). More information about the ARM port is available at
<a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2003-10/msg00044.html">http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2003-10/msg00044.html</a>.
</p>
<p>For usage on Windows, see also tcc-win32.txt.
</p>
<hr size="6">
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC36" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h1 class="chapter"> 2. Command line invocation </h1>
<hr size="6">
<a name="SEC3"></a>
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC2" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC36" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h2 class="section"> 2.1 Quick start </h2>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">usage: tcc [options] [<var>infile1</var> <var>infile2</var>…] [‘<samp>-run</samp>’ <var>infile</var> <var>args</var>…]
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>TCC options are a very much like gcc options. The main difference is that TCC
can also execute directly the resulting program and give it runtime
arguments.
</p>
<p>Here are some examples to understand the logic:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -run a.c</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile ‘<tt>a.c</tt>’ and execute it directly
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -run a.c arg1</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile a.c and execute it directly. arg1 is given as first argument to
the <code>main()</code> of a.c.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc a.c -run b.c arg1</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile ‘<tt>a.c</tt>’ and ‘<tt>b.c</tt>’, link them together and execute them. arg1 is given
as first argument to the <code>main()</code> of the resulting program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -o myprog a.c b.c</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile ‘<tt>a.c</tt>’ and ‘<tt>b.c</tt>’, link them and generate the executable ‘<tt>myprog</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -o myprog a.o b.o</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>link ‘<tt>a.o</tt>’ and ‘<tt>b.o</tt>’ together and generate the executable ‘<tt>myprog</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -c a.c</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile ‘<tt>a.c</tt>’ and generate object file ‘<tt>a.o</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -c asmfile.S</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Preprocess with C preprocess and assemble ‘<tt>asmfile.S</tt>’ and generate
object file ‘<tt>asmfile.o</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -c asmfile.s</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Assemble (but not preprocess) ‘<tt>asmfile.s</tt>’ and generate object file
‘<tt>asmfile.o</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <code>‘<samp>tcc -r -o ab.o a.c b.c</samp>’</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compile ‘<tt>a.c</tt>’ and ‘<tt>b.c</tt>’, link them together and generate the object file ‘<tt>ab.o</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Scripting:
</p>
<p>TCC can be invoked from <em>scripts</em>, just as shell scripts. You just
need to add <code>#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run</code> at the start of your C source:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
return 0;
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>TCC can read C source code from <em>standard input</em> when ‘<samp>-</samp>’ is used in
place of ‘<samp>infile</samp>’. Example:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">echo 'main(){puts("hello");}' | tcc -run -
</pre></td></tr></table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="SEC4"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC3" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC5" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC2" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC2" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC5" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC36" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h2 class="section"> 2.2 Option summary </h2>
<p>General Options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-v</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Display current TCC version, increase verbosity.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-c</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate an object file (‘<samp>-o</samp>’ option must also be given).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-o outfile</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Put object file, executable, or dll into output file ‘<tt>outfile</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Bdir</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set the path where the tcc internal libraries can be found (default is
‘<tt>PREFIX/lib/tcc</tt>’).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-bench</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Output compilation statistics.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-run source [args...]</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Compile file <var>source</var> and run it with the command line arguments
<var>args</var>. In order to be able to give more than one argument to a
script, several TCC options can be given <em>after</em> the
‘<samp>-run</samp>’ option, separated by spaces. Example:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">tcc "-run -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lX11" ex4.c
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>In a script, it gives the following header:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lX11
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
...
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Preprocessor options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-Idir</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Specify an additional include path. Include paths are searched in the
order they are specified.
</p>
<p>System include paths are always searched after. The default system
include paths are: ‘<tt>/usr/local/include</tt>’, ‘<tt>/usr/include</tt>’
and ‘<tt>PREFIX/lib/tcc/include</tt>’. (‘<tt>PREFIX</tt>’ is usually
‘<tt>/usr</tt>’ or ‘<tt>/usr/local</tt>’).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Dsym[=val]</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Define preprocessor symbol ‘<samp>sym</samp>’ to
val. If val is not present, its value is ‘<samp>1</samp>’. Function-like macros can
also be defined: ‘<samp>-DF(a)=a+1</samp>’
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Usym</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Undefine preprocessor symbol ‘<samp>sym</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Compilation flags:
</p>
<p>Note: each of the following warning options has a negative form beginning with
‘<samp>-fno-</samp>’.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-funsigned-char</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Let the <code>char</code> type be unsigned.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-fsigned-char</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Let the <code>char</code> type be signed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-fno-common</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do not generate common symbols for uninitialized data.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-fleading-underscore</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Add a leading underscore at the beginning of each C symbol.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Warning options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-w</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Disable all warnings.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note: each of the following warning options has a negative form beginning with
‘<samp>-Wno-</samp>’.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wimplicit-function-declaration</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Warn about implicit function declaration.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wunsupported</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Warn about unsupported GCC features that are ignored by TCC.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wwrite-strings</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Make string constants be of type <code>const char *</code> instead of <code>char
*</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Werror</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Abort compilation if warnings are issued.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wall</samp>’ </dt>
<dd><p>Activate all warnings, except ‘<samp>-Werror</samp>’, ‘<samp>-Wunusupported</samp>’ and
‘<samp>-Wwrite-strings</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Linker options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-Ldir</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Specify an additional static library path for the ‘<samp>-l</samp>’ option. The
default library paths are ‘<tt>/usr/local/lib</tt>’, ‘<tt>/usr/lib</tt>’ and ‘<tt>/lib</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-lxxx</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Link your program with dynamic library libxxx.so or static library
libxxx.a. The library is searched in the paths specified by the
‘<samp>-L</samp>’ option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-shared</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate a shared library instead of an executable (‘<samp>-o</samp>’ option
must also be given).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-static</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate a statically linked executable (default is a shared linked
executable) (‘<samp>-o</samp>’ option must also be given).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-rdynamic</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Export global symbols to the dynamic linker. It is useful when a library
opened with <code>dlopen()</code> needs to access executable symbols.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-r</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate an object file combining all input files (‘<samp>-o</samp>’ option must
also be given).
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wl,-Ttext,address</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set the start of the .text section to <var>address</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-Wl,--oformat,fmt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use <var>fmt</var> as output format. The supported output formats are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt> <code>elf32-i386</code></dt>
<dd><p>ELF output format (default)
</p></dd>
<dt> <code>binary</code></dt>
<dd><p>Binary image (only for executable output)
</p></dd>
<dt> <code>coff</code></dt>
<dd><p>COFF output format (only for executable output for TMS320C67xx target)
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Debugger options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> ‘<samp>-g</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate run time debug information so that you get clear run time
error messages: <code> test.c:68: in function 'test5()': dereferencing
invalid pointer</code> instead of the laconic <code>Segmentation
fault</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-b</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate additional support code to check
memory allocations and array/pointer bounds. ‘<samp>-g</samp>’ is implied. Note
that the generated code is slower and bigger in this case.
</p>
</dd>
<dt> ‘<samp>-bt N</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Display N callers in stack traces. This is useful with ‘<samp>-g</samp>’ or
‘<samp>-b</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note: GCC options ‘<samp>-Ox</samp>’, ‘<samp>-fx</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-mx</samp>’ are
ignored.
</p>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 3. C language support </h1>
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<h2 class="section"> 3.1 ANSI C </h2>
<p>TCC implements all the ANSI C standard, including structure bit fields
and floating point numbers (<code>long double</code>, <code>double</code>, and
<code>float</code> fully supported).
</p>
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<h2 class="section"> 3.2 ISOC99 extensions </h2>
<p>TCC implements many features of the new C standard: ISO C99. Currently
missing items are: complex and imaginary numbers and variable length
arrays.
</p>
<p>Currently implemented ISOC99 features:
</p>
<ul class="toc">
<li> 64 bit <code>long long</code> types are fully supported.
</li><li> The boolean type <code>_Bool</code> is supported.
</li><li> <code>__func__</code> is a string variable containing the current
function name.
</li><li> Variadic macros: <code>__VA_ARGS__</code> can be used for
function-like macros:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> #define dprintf(level, __VA_ARGS__) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p><code>dprintf</code> can then be used with a variable number of parameters.
</p>
</li><li> Declarations can appear anywhere in a block (as in C++).
</li><li> Array and struct/union elements can be initialized in any order by
using designators:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> struct { int x, y; } st[10] = { [0].x = 1, [0].y = 2 };
int tab[10] = { 1, 2, [5] = 5, [9] = 9};
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li> Compound initializers are supported:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> int *p = (int []){ 1, 2, 3 };
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>to initialize a pointer pointing to an initialized array. The same
works for structures and strings.
</p>
</li><li> Hexadecimal floating point constants are supported:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> double d = 0x1234p10;
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>is the same as writing
</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> double d = 4771840.0;
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li> <code>inline</code> keyword is ignored.
</li><li> <code>restrict</code> keyword is ignored.
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 3.3 GNU C extensions </h2>
<p>TCC implements some GNU C extensions:
</p>
<ul class="toc">
<li> array designators can be used without '=':
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> int a[10] = { [0] 1, [5] 2, 3, 4 };
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li> Structure field designators can be a label:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> struct { int x, y; } st = { x: 1, y: 1};
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>instead of
</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> struct { int x, y; } st = { .x = 1, .y = 1};
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li> <code>\e</code> is ASCII character 27.
</li><li> case ranges : ranges can be used in <code>case</code>s:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> switch(a) {
case 1 … 9:
printf("range 1 to 9\n");
break;
default:
printf("unexpected\n");
break;
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
<a name="IDX1"></a>
<a name="IDX2"></a>
<a name="IDX3"></a>
<a name="IDX4"></a>
<a name="IDX5"></a>
<a name="IDX6"></a>
<a name="IDX7"></a>
<a name="IDX8"></a>
</li><li> The keyword <code>__attribute__</code> is handled to specify variable or
function attributes. The following attributes are supported:
<ul class="toc">
<li> <code>aligned(n)</code>: align a variable or a structure field to n bytes
(must be a power of two).
</li><li> <code>packed</code>: force alignment of a variable or a structure field to
1.
</li><li> <code>section(name)</code>: generate function or data in assembly section
name (name is a string containing the section name) instead of the default
section.
</li><li> <code>unused</code>: specify that the variable or the function is unused.
</li><li> <code>cdecl</code>: use standard C calling convention (default).
</li><li> <code>stdcall</code>: use Pascal-like calling convention.
</li><li> <code>regparm(n)</code>: use fast i386 calling convention. <var>n</var> must be
between 1 and 3. The first <var>n</var> function parameters are respectively put in
registers <code>%eax</code>, <code>%edx</code> and <code>%ecx</code>.
</li><li> <code>dllexport</code>: export function from dll/executable (win32 only)
</li></ul>
<p>Here are some examples:
</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> int a __attribute__ ((aligned(8), section(".mysection")));
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>align variable <code>a</code> to 8 bytes and put it in section <code>.mysection</code>.
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> int my_add(int a, int b) __attribute__ ((section(".mycodesection")))
{
return a + b;
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>generate function <code>my_add</code> in section <code>.mycodesection</code>.
</p>
</li><li> GNU style variadic macros:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> #define dprintf(fmt, args…) printf(fmt, ## args)
dprintf("no arg\n");
dprintf("one arg %d\n", 1);
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li> <code>__FUNCTION__</code> is interpreted as C99 <code>__func__</code>
(so it has not exactly the same semantics as string literal GNUC
where it is a string literal).
</li><li> The <code>__alignof__</code> keyword can be used as <code>sizeof</code>
to get the alignment of a type or an expression.
</li><li> The <code>typeof(x)</code> returns the type of <code>x</code>.
<code>x</code> is an expression or a type.
</li><li> Computed gotos: <code>&&label</code> returns a pointer of type
<code>void *</code> on the goto label <code>label</code>. <code>goto *expr</code> can be
used to jump on the pointer resulting from <code>expr</code>.
</li><li> Inline assembly with asm instruction:
<a name="IDX9"></a>
<a name="IDX10"></a>
<a name="IDX11"></a>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">static inline void * my_memcpy(void * to, const void * from, size_t n)
{
int d0, d1, d2;
__asm__ __volatile__(
"rep ; movsl\n\t"
"testb $2,%b4\n\t"
"je 1f\n\t"
"movsw\n"
"1:\ttestb $1,%b4\n\t"
"je 2f\n\t"
"movsb\n"
"2:"
: "=&c" (d0), "=&D" (d1), "=&S" (d2)
:"0" (n/4), "q" (n),"1" ((long) to),"2" ((long) from)
: "memory");
return (to);
}
</pre></td></tr></table>
<a name="IDX12"></a>
<p>TCC includes its own x86 inline assembler with a <code>gas</code>-like (GNU
assembler) syntax. No intermediate files are generated. GCC 3.x named
operands are supported.
</p>
</li><li> <code>__builtin_types_compatible_p()</code> and <code>__builtin_constant_p()</code>
are supported.
</li><li> <code>#pragma pack</code> is supported for win32 compatibility.
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 3.4 TinyCC extensions </h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li> <code>__TINYC__</code> is a predefined macro to <code>1</code> to
indicate that you use TCC.
</li><li> <code>#!</code> at the start of a line is ignored to allow scripting.
</li><li> Binary digits can be entered (<code>0b101</code> instead of
<code>5</code>).
</li><li> <code>__BOUNDS_CHECKING_ON</code> is defined if bound checking is activated.
</li></ul>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 4. TinyCC Assembler </h1>
<p>Since version 0.9.16, TinyCC integrates its own assembler. TinyCC
assembler supports a gas-like syntax (GNU assembler). You can
desactivate assembler support if you want a smaller TinyCC executable
(the C compiler does not rely on the assembler).
</p>
<p>TinyCC Assembler is used to handle files with ‘<tt>.S</tt>’ (C
preprocessed assembler) and ‘<tt>.s</tt>’ extensions. It is also used to
handle the GNU inline assembler with the <code>asm</code> keyword.
</p>
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<h2 class="section"> 4.1 Syntax </h2>
<p>TinyCC Assembler supports most of the gas syntax. The tokens are the
same as C.
</p>
<ul class="toc">
<li> C and C++ comments are supported.
</li><li> Identifiers are the same as C, so you cannot use '.' or '$'.
</li><li> Only 32 bit integer numbers are supported.
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 4.2 Expressions </h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li> Integers in decimal, octal and hexa are supported.
</li><li> Unary operators: +, -, ~.
</li><li> Binary operators in decreasing priority order:
<ol>
<li> *, /, %
</li><li> &, |, ^
</li><li> +, -
</li></ol>
</li><li> A value is either an absolute number or a label plus an offset.
All operators accept absolute values except '+' and '-'. '+' or '-' can be
used to add an offset to a label. '-' supports two labels only if they
are the same or if they are both defined and in the same section.
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 4.3 Labels </h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li> All labels are considered as local, except undefined ones.
</li><li> Numeric labels can be used as local <code>gas</code>-like labels.
They can be defined several times in the same source. Use 'b'
(backward) or 'f' (forward) as suffix to reference them:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example"> 1:
jmp 1b /* jump to '1' label before */
jmp 1f /* jump to '1' label after */
1:
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 4.4 Directives </h2>
<p>All directives are preceded by a '.'. The following directives are
supported:
</p>
<ul class="toc">
<li> .align n[,value]
</li><li> .skip n[,value]
</li><li> .space n[,value]
</li><li> .byte value1[,...]
</li><li> .word value1[,...]
</li><li> .short value1[,...]
</li><li> .int value1[,...]
</li><li> .long value1[,...]
</li><li> .quad immediate_value1[,...]
</li><li> .globl symbol
</li><li> .global symbol
</li><li> .section section
</li><li> .text
</li><li> .data
</li><li> .bss
</li><li> .fill repeat[,size[,value]]
</li><li> .org n
</li><li> .previous
</li><li> .string string[,...]
</li><li> .asciz string[,...]
</li><li> .ascii string[,...]
</li></ul>
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<h2 class="section"> 4.5 X86 Assembler </h2>
<p>All X86 opcodes are supported. Only ATT syntax is supported (source
then destination operand order). If no size suffix is given, TinyCC
tries to guess it from the operand sizes.
</p>
<p>Currently, MMX opcodes are supported but not SSE ones.
</p>
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