feat: Added Euclidean Distance (TheAlgorithms#1418)

* Added Euclidean Distance

* Added documentation to params

* Use @see annotation

---------

Co-authored-by: Lars Müller <[email protected]>

Author: kausthub-kannan

Maths/EuclideanDistance.js

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * @see [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance)
+ * Calculate the Euclidean distance between two vectors.
+ * @param {number[]} vector1 - The first vector.
+ * @param {number[]} vector2 - The second vector.
+ * @returns {number} The Euclidean distance between the two vectors.
+ */
+
+const EuclideanDistance = (vector1, vector2) => {
+  let sumOfSquares = 0
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < vector1.length; i++) {
+    sumOfSquares += Math.pow(vector1[i] - vector2[i], 2)
+  }
+
+  return Math.sqrt(sumOfSquares)
+}
+
+export { EuclideanDistance }

Maths/test/EuclideanDistance.test.js

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+import { EuclideanDistance } from '../EuclideanDistance.js'
+
+describe('EuclideanDistance', () => {
+  it('should calculate the distance correctly for 2D vectors', () => {
+    expect(EuclideanDistance([0, 0], [2, 2])).toBeCloseTo(2.8284271247461903, 10)
+  })
+
+  it('should calculate the distance correctly for 3D vectors', () => {
+    expect(EuclideanDistance([0, 0, 0], [2, 2, 2])).toBeCloseTo(3.4641016151377544, 10)
+  })
+
+  it('should calculate the distance correctly for 4D vectors', () => {
+    expect(EuclideanDistance([1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8])).toBeCloseTo(8.0, 10)
+  })
+
+  it('should calculate the distance correctly for different 2D vectors', () => {
+    expect(EuclideanDistance([1, 2], [4, 6])).toBeCloseTo(5.0, 10)
+  })
+})