chapter_02_the_series_object/chapter_02_the_series_object.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.1 Overview of a Series"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.1.1 Classes, and Instances"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<ipython-input-2-fa15c544da3b>:1: DeprecationWarning: The default dtype for empty Series will be 'object' instead of 'float64' in a future version. Specify a dtype explicitly to silence this warning.\n",
      "  pd.Series()\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Series([], dtype: float64)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.1.2 Populating the Series with Values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     Chocolate\n",
       "1       Vanilla\n",
       "2    Strawberry\n",
       "3    Rum Raisin\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ice_cream_flavors = [\n",
    "    \"Chocolate\",\n",
    "    \"Vanilla\",\n",
    "    \"Strawberry\",\n",
    "    \"Rum Raisin\",\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "pd.Series(ice_cream_flavors)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     Chocolate\n",
       "1       Vanilla\n",
       "2    Strawberry\n",
       "3    Rum Raisin\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "pd.Series(ice_cream_flavors)\n",
    "pd.Series(data = ice_cream_flavors)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.1.3 Customizing the Series Index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Monday        Chocolate\n",
       "Wednesday       Vanilla\n",
       "Friday       Strawberry\n",
       "Saturday     Rum Raisin\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ice_cream_flavors = [\n",
    "    \"Chocolate\",\n",
    "    \"Vanilla\",\n",
    "    \"Strawberry\",\n",
    "    \"Rum Raisin\",\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "days_of_week = (\"Monday\", \"Wednesday\", \"Friday\", \"Saturday\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "pd.Series(ice_cream_flavors, days_of_week)\n",
    "pd.Series(data = ice_cream_flavors, index = days_of_week)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Monday        Chocolate\n",
       "Wednesday       Vanilla\n",
       "Friday       Strawberry\n",
       "Wednesday    Rum Raisin\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ice_cream_flavors = [\n",
    "    \"Chocolate\",\n",
    "    \"Vanilla\",\n",
    "    \"Strawberry\",\n",
    "    \"Rum Raisin\",\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "days_of_week = (\"Monday\", \"Wednesday\", \"Friday\", \"Wednesday\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "pd.Series(ice_cream_flavors, days_of_week)\n",
    "pd.Series(data = ice_cream_flavors, index = days_of_week)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Monday        Chocolate\n",
       "Wednesday       Vanilla\n",
       "Friday       Strawberry\n",
       "Wednesday    Rum Raisin\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(index = days_of_week, data = ice_cream_flavors)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     True\n",
       "1    False\n",
       "2    False\n",
       "dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bunch_of_bools = [True, False, False]\n",
    "pd.Series(bunch_of_bools)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Open     985.32\n",
       "Close    950.44\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "stock_prices = [985.32, 950.44]\n",
    "time_of_day = [\"Open\", \"Close\"]\n",
    "pd.Series(data = stock_prices, index = time_of_day)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     4\n",
       "1     8\n",
       "2    15\n",
       "3    16\n",
       "4    23\n",
       "5    42\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lucky_numbers = [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]\n",
    "pd.Series(lucky_numbers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     4.0\n",
       "1     8.0\n",
       "2    15.0\n",
       "3    16.0\n",
       "4    23.0\n",
       "5    42.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lucky_numbers = [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]\n",
    "pd.Series(lucky_numbers, dtype = \"float\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.1.4 Creating a Series with Missing Values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    94.0\n",
       "1    88.0\n",
       "2     NaN\n",
       "3    91.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "temperatures = [94, 88, np.nan, 91]\n",
    "pd.Series(data = temperatures)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.2 Create a Series from Python Objects"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Cereal              125\n",
       "Chocolate Bar       406\n",
       "Ice Cream Sundae    342\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "calorie_info = {\n",
    "    \"Cereal\": 125,\n",
    "    \"Chocolate Bar\": 406,\n",
    "    \"Ice Cream Sundae\": 342,\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "diet = pd.Series(calorie_info)\n",
    "diet"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0      Red\n",
       "1    Green\n",
       "2     Blue\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(data = (\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     (120, 41, 26)\n",
       "1    (196, 165, 45)\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rgb_colors = [(120, 41, 26), (196, 165, 45)]\n",
    "pd.Series(data = rgb_colors)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**NOTE**: I've commented out the code below so that the Notebook can run without raising an error."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_set = {\"Ricky\", \"Bobby\"}\n",
    "# pd.Series(my_set)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    Bobby\n",
       "1    Ricky\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(list(my_set))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([63,  6, 44, 12, 66, 61, 64, 42, 81,  6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "random_data = np.random.randint(1, 101, 10)\n",
    "random_data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    63\n",
       "1     6\n",
       "2    44\n",
       "3    12\n",
       "4    66\n",
       "5    61\n",
       "6    64\n",
       "7    42\n",
       "8    81\n",
       "9     6\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(random_data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.3 Series Attributes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([125, 406, 342])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "numpy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(diet.values)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['Cereal', 'Chocolate Bar', 'Ice Cream Sundae'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "pandas.core.indexes.base.Index"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(diet.index)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype('int64')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.dtype"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.size"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3,)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "diet.is_unique"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(data = [3, 3]).is_unique"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(data = [1, 3, 6]).is_monotonic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(data = [1, 6, 3]).is_monotonic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.4 Retrieving the First and Last Rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       0\n",
       "1       5\n",
       "2      10\n",
       "3      15\n",
       "4      20\n",
       "     ... \n",
       "95    475\n",
       "96    480\n",
       "97    485\n",
       "98    490\n",
       "99    495\n",
       "Length: 100, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values = range(0, 500, 5)\n",
    "nums = pd.Series(data = values)\n",
    "nums"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     0\n",
       "1     5\n",
       "2    10\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     0\n",
       "1     5\n",
       "2    10\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.head(n = 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     0\n",
       "1     5\n",
       "2    10\n",
       "3    15\n",
       "4    20\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "94    470\n",
       "95    475\n",
       "96    480\n",
       "97    485\n",
       "98    490\n",
       "99    495\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.tail(6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "95    475\n",
       "96    480\n",
       "97    485\n",
       "98    490\n",
       "99    495\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.5 Mathematical Operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.5.1 Statistical Operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    2.0\n",
       "2    3.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "4    4.0\n",
       "5    5.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, np.nan, 4, 5])\n",
    "numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "nan"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.sum(skipna = False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.sum(min_count = 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "nan"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.sum(min_count = 6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "120.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.product()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "nan"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.product(skipna = False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "120.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.product(min_count = 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    2.0\n",
       "2    3.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "4    4.0\n",
       "5    5.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     1.0\n",
       "1     3.0\n",
       "2     6.0\n",
       "3     NaN\n",
       "4    10.0\n",
       "5    15.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.cumsum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    3.0\n",
       "2    6.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "4    NaN\n",
       "5    NaN\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.cumsum(skipna = False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    1.0\n",
       "1    2.0\n",
       "2    3.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "4    4.0\n",
       "5    5.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0         NaN\n",
       "1    1.000000\n",
       "2    0.500000\n",
       "3    0.000000\n",
       "4    0.333333\n",
       "5    0.250000\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.pct_change()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0         NaN\n",
       "1    1.000000\n",
       "2    0.500000\n",
       "3    0.000000\n",
       "4    0.333333\n",
       "5    0.250000\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The three lines below are equivalent\n",
    "numbers.pct_change()\n",
    "numbers.pct_change(fill_method = \"pad\")\n",
    "numbers.pct_change(fill_method = \"ffill\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0         NaN\n",
       "1    1.000000\n",
       "2    0.500000\n",
       "3    0.333333\n",
       "4    0.000000\n",
       "5    0.250000\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "numbers.pct_change(fill_method = \"bfill\")\n",
    "numbers.pct_change(fill_method = \"backfill\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.median()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.5811388300841898"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.std()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.min()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       koala\n",
       "1    aardvark\n",
       "2       zebra\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "animals = pd.Series([\"koala\", \"aardvark\", \"zebra\"])\n",
    "animals"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'zebra'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "animals.max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'aardvark'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "animals.min()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "count    5.000000\n",
       "mean     3.000000\n",
       "std      1.581139\n",
       "min      1.000000\n",
       "25%      2.000000\n",
       "50%      3.000000\n",
       "75%      4.000000\n",
       "max      5.000000\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2    3.0\n",
       "5    5.0\n",
       "3    NaN\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers.sample(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['Hemingway', 'Orwell', 'Dostoevsky', 'Fitzgerald'], dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "authors = pd.Series(\n",
    "    [\"Hemingway\", \"Orwell\", \"Dostoevsky\", \"Fitzgerald\", \"Orwell\"]\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "authors.unique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "authors.nunique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.5.2 Arithmetic Operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A     5.0\n",
       "B     NaN\n",
       "C    15.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series(data = [5, np.nan, 15], index = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"])\n",
    "s1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A     8.0\n",
       "B     NaN\n",
       "C    18.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 + 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A     8.0\n",
       "B     NaN\n",
       "C    18.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1.add(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A     0.0\n",
       "B     NaN\n",
       "C    10.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The three lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 - 5\n",
    "s1.sub(5)\n",
    "s1.subtract(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    10.0\n",
       "B     NaN\n",
       "C    30.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The three lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 * 2\n",
    "s1.mul(2)\n",
    "s1.multiply(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    2.5\n",
       "B    NaN\n",
       "C    7.5\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The three lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 / 2\n",
    "s1.div(2)\n",
    "s1.divide(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    1.0\n",
       "B    NaN\n",
       "C    3.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 // 4\n",
    "s1.floordiv(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    2.0\n",
       "B    NaN\n",
       "C    0.0\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 % 3\n",
    "s1.mod(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.5.3 Broadcasting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"])\n",
    "s2 = pd.Series([4, 5, 6], index = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A    5\n",
       "B    7\n",
       "C    9\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 + s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series(data = [3, 6, np.nan, 12])\n",
    "s2 = pd.Series(data = [2, 6, np.nan, 12])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    False\n",
       "1     True\n",
       "2    False\n",
       "3     True\n",
       "dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 == s2\n",
    "s1.eq(s2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     True\n",
       "1    False\n",
       "2     True\n",
       "3    False\n",
       "dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The two lines below are equivalent\n",
    "s1 != s2\n",
    "s1.ne(s2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s1 = pd.Series(\n",
    "    data = [5, 10, 15], index = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "s2 = pd.Series(\n",
    "    data = [4, 8, 12, 14], index = [\"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "A     NaN\n",
       "B    14.0\n",
       "C    23.0\n",
       "D     NaN\n",
       "E     NaN\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 + s2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.6 Passing the Series to Python's Built-In Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cities = pd.Series(\n",
    "    data = [\"San Francisco\", \"Los Angeles\", \"Las  Vegas\", np.nan]\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(cities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "pandas.core.series.Series"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(cities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['T',\n",
       " '_AXIS_LEN',\n",
       " '_AXIS_ORDERS',\n",
       " '_AXIS_REVERSED',\n",
       " '_AXIS_TO_AXIS_NUMBER',\n",
       " '_HANDLED_TYPES',\n",
       " '__abs__',\n",
       " '__add__',\n",
       " '__and__',\n",
       " '__annotations__',\n",
       " '__array__',\n",
       " '__array_priority__',\n",
       " '__array_ufunc__',\n",
       " '__array_wrap__',\n",
       " '__bool__',\n",
       " '__class__',\n",
       " '__contains__',\n",
       " '__copy__',\n",
       " '__deepcopy__',\n",
       " '__delattr__',\n",
       " '__delitem__',\n",
       " '__dict__',\n",
       " '__dir__',\n",
       " '__divmod__',\n",
       " '__doc__',\n",
       " '__eq__',\n",
       " '__finalize__',\n",
       " '__float__',\n",
       " '__floordiv__',\n",
       " '__format__',\n",
       " '__ge__',\n",
       " '__getattr__',\n",
       " '__getattribute__',\n",
       " '__getitem__',\n",
       " '__getstate__',\n",
       " '__gt__',\n",
       " '__hash__',\n",
       " '__iadd__',\n",
       " '__iand__',\n",
       " '__ifloordiv__',\n",
       " '__imod__',\n",
       " '__imul__',\n",
       " '__init__',\n",
       " '__init_subclass__',\n",
       " '__int__',\n",
       " '__invert__',\n",
       " '__ior__',\n",
       " '__ipow__',\n",
       " '__isub__',\n",
       " '__iter__',\n",
       " '__itruediv__',\n",
       " '__ixor__',\n",
       " '__le__',\n",
       " '__len__',\n",
       " '__long__',\n",
       " '__lt__',\n",
       " '__matmul__',\n",
       " '__mod__',\n",
       " '__module__',\n",
       " '__mul__',\n",
       " '__ne__',\n",
       " '__neg__',\n",
       " '__new__',\n",
       " '__nonzero__',\n",
       " '__or__',\n",
       " '__pos__',\n",
       " '__pow__',\n",
       " '__radd__',\n",
       " '__rand__',\n",
       " '__rdivmod__',\n",
       " '__reduce__',\n",
       " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
       " '__repr__',\n",
       " '__rfloordiv__',\n",
       " '__rmatmul__',\n",
       " '__rmod__',\n",
       " '__rmul__',\n",
       " '__ror__',\n",
       " '__round__',\n",
       " '__rpow__',\n",
       " '__rsub__',\n",
       " '__rtruediv__',\n",
       " '__rxor__',\n",
       " '__setattr__',\n",
       " '__setitem__',\n",
       " '__setstate__',\n",
       " '__sizeof__',\n",
       " '__str__',\n",
       " '__sub__',\n",
       " '__subclasshook__',\n",
       " '__truediv__',\n",
       " '__weakref__',\n",
       " '__xor__',\n",
       " '_accessors',\n",
       " '_accum_func',\n",
       " '_add_numeric_operations',\n",
       " '_agg_by_level',\n",
       " '_agg_examples_doc',\n",
       " '_agg_see_also_doc',\n",
       " '_align_frame',\n",
       " '_align_series',\n",
       " '_arith_method',\n",
       " '_attrs',\n",
       " '_binop',\n",
       " '_builtin_table',\n",
       " '_can_hold_na',\n",
       " '_check_inplace_and_allows_duplicate_labels',\n",
       " '_check_inplace_setting',\n",
       " '_check_is_chained_assignment_possible',\n",
       " '_check_label_or_level_ambiguity',\n",
       " '_check_setitem_copy',\n",
       " '_clear_item_cache',\n",
       " '_clip_with_one_bound',\n",
       " '_clip_with_scalar',\n",
       " '_cmp_method',\n",
       " '_consolidate',\n",
       " '_consolidate_inplace',\n",
       " '_construct_axes_dict',\n",
       " '_construct_axes_from_arguments',\n",
       " '_construct_result',\n",
       " '_constructor',\n",
       " '_constructor_expanddim',\n",
       " '_constructor_sliced',\n",
       " '_convert',\n",
       " '_convert_dtypes',\n",
       " '_cython_table',\n",
       " '_data',\n",
       " '_dir_additions',\n",
       " '_dir_deletions',\n",
       " '_drop_axis',\n",
       " '_drop_labels_or_levels',\n",
       " '_find_valid_index',\n",
       " '_flags',\n",
       " '_get_axis',\n",
       " '_get_axis_name',\n",
       " '_get_axis_number',\n",
       " '_get_axis_resolvers',\n",
       " '_get_block_manager_axis',\n",
       " '_get_bool_data',\n",
       " '_get_cacher',\n",
       " '_get_cleaned_column_resolvers',\n",
       " '_get_cython_func',\n",
       " '_get_index_resolvers',\n",
       " '_get_item_cache',\n",
       " '_get_label_or_level_values',\n",
       " '_get_numeric_data',\n",
       " '_get_value',\n",
       " '_get_values',\n",
       " '_get_values_tuple',\n",
       " '_get_with',\n",
       " '_gotitem',\n",
       " '_hidden_attrs',\n",
       " '_index',\n",
       " '_indexed_same',\n",
       " '_info_axis',\n",
       " '_info_axis_name',\n",
       " '_info_axis_number',\n",
       " '_init_dict',\n",
       " '_init_mgr',\n",
       " '_inplace_method',\n",
       " '_internal_names',\n",
       " '_internal_names_set',\n",
       " '_is_builtin_func',\n",
       " '_is_cached',\n",
       " '_is_copy',\n",
       " '_is_label_or_level_reference',\n",
       " '_is_label_reference',\n",
       " '_is_level_reference',\n",
       " '_is_mixed_type',\n",
       " '_is_view',\n",
       " '_iset_item',\n",
       " '_item_cache',\n",
       " '_ix',\n",
       " '_ixs',\n",
       " '_logical_func',\n",
       " '_logical_method',\n",
       " '_map_values',\n",
       " '_maybe_cache_changed',\n",
       " '_maybe_update_cacher',\n",
       " '_metadata',\n",
       " '_mgr',\n",
       " '_min_count_stat_function',\n",
       " '_name',\n",
       " '_needs_reindex_multi',\n",
       " '_obj_with_exclusions',\n",
       " '_protect_consolidate',\n",
       " '_reduce',\n",
       " '_reindex_axes',\n",
       " '_reindex_indexer',\n",
       " '_reindex_multi',\n",
       " '_reindex_with_indexers',\n",
       " '_replace_single',\n",
       " '_repr_data_resource_',\n",
       " '_repr_latex_',\n",
       " '_reset_cache',\n",
       " '_reset_cacher',\n",
       " '_selected_obj',\n",
       " '_selection',\n",
       " '_selection_list',\n",
       " '_selection_name',\n",
       " '_set_as_cached',\n",
       " '_set_axis',\n",
       " '_set_axis_name',\n",
       " '_set_axis_nocheck',\n",
       " '_set_is_copy',\n",
       " '_set_item',\n",
       " '_set_labels',\n",
       " '_set_name',\n",
       " '_set_value',\n",
       " '_set_values',\n",
       " '_set_with',\n",
       " '_set_with_engine',\n",
       " '_slice',\n",
       " '_stat_axis',\n",
       " '_stat_axis_name',\n",
       " '_stat_axis_number',\n",
       " '_stat_function',\n",
       " '_stat_function_ddof',\n",
       " '_take_with_is_copy',\n",
       " '_to_dict_of_blocks',\n",
       " '_try_aggregate_string_function',\n",
       " '_typ',\n",
       " '_update_inplace',\n",
       " '_validate_dtype',\n",
       " '_values',\n",
       " '_where',\n",
       " 'abs',\n",
       " 'add',\n",
       " 'add_prefix',\n",
       " 'add_suffix',\n",
       " 'agg',\n",
       " 'aggregate',\n",
       " 'align',\n",
       " 'all',\n",
       " 'any',\n",
       " 'append',\n",
       " 'apply',\n",
       " 'argmax',\n",
       " 'argmin',\n",
       " 'argsort',\n",
       " 'array',\n",
       " 'asfreq',\n",
       " 'asof',\n",
       " 'astype',\n",
       " 'at',\n",
       " 'at_time',\n",
       " 'attrs',\n",
       " 'autocorr',\n",
       " 'axes',\n",
       " 'backfill',\n",
       " 'between',\n",
       " 'between_time',\n",
       " 'bfill',\n",
       " 'bool',\n",
       " 'clip',\n",
       " 'combine',\n",
       " 'combine_first',\n",
       " 'compare',\n",
       " 'convert_dtypes',\n",
       " 'copy',\n",
       " 'corr',\n",
       " 'count',\n",
       " 'cov',\n",
       " 'cummax',\n",
       " 'cummin',\n",
       " 'cumprod',\n",
       " 'cumsum',\n",
       " 'describe',\n",
       " 'diff',\n",
       " 'div',\n",
       " 'divide',\n",
       " 'divmod',\n",
       " 'dot',\n",
       " 'drop',\n",
       " 'drop_duplicates',\n",
       " 'droplevel',\n",
       " 'dropna',\n",
       " 'dtype',\n",
       " 'dtypes',\n",
       " 'duplicated',\n",
       " 'empty',\n",
       " 'eq',\n",
       " 'equals',\n",
       " 'ewm',\n",
       " 'expanding',\n",
       " 'explode',\n",
       " 'factorize',\n",
       " 'ffill',\n",
       " 'fillna',\n",
       " 'filter',\n",
       " 'first',\n",
       " 'first_valid_index',\n",
       " 'flags',\n",
       " 'floordiv',\n",
       " 'ge',\n",
       " 'get',\n",
       " 'groupby',\n",
       " 'gt',\n",
       " 'hasnans',\n",
       " 'head',\n",
       " 'hist',\n",
       " 'iat',\n",
       " 'idxmax',\n",
       " 'idxmin',\n",
       " 'iloc',\n",
       " 'index',\n",
       " 'infer_objects',\n",
       " 'interpolate',\n",
       " 'is_monotonic',\n",
       " 'is_monotonic_decreasing',\n",
       " 'is_monotonic_increasing',\n",
       " 'is_unique',\n",
       " 'isin',\n",
       " 'isna',\n",
       " 'isnull',\n",
       " 'item',\n",
       " 'items',\n",
       " 'iteritems',\n",
       " 'keys',\n",
       " 'kurt',\n",
       " 'kurtosis',\n",
       " 'last',\n",
       " 'last_valid_index',\n",
       " 'le',\n",
       " 'loc',\n",
       " 'lt',\n",
       " 'mad',\n",
       " 'map',\n",
       " 'mask',\n",
       " 'max',\n",
       " 'mean',\n",
       " 'median',\n",
       " 'memory_usage',\n",
       " 'min',\n",
       " 'mod',\n",
       " 'mode',\n",
       " 'mul',\n",
       " 'multiply',\n",
       " 'name',\n",
       " 'nbytes',\n",
       " 'ndim',\n",
       " 'ne',\n",
       " 'nlargest',\n",
       " 'notna',\n",
       " 'notnull',\n",
       " 'nsmallest',\n",
       " 'nunique',\n",
       " 'pad',\n",
       " 'pct_change',\n",
       " 'pipe',\n",
       " 'plot',\n",
       " 'pop',\n",
       " 'pow',\n",
       " 'prod',\n",
       " 'product',\n",
       " 'quantile',\n",
       " 'radd',\n",
       " 'rank',\n",
       " 'ravel',\n",
       " 'rdiv',\n",
       " 'rdivmod',\n",
       " 'reindex',\n",
       " 'reindex_like',\n",
       " 'rename',\n",
       " 'rename_axis',\n",
       " 'reorder_levels',\n",
       " 'repeat',\n",
       " 'replace',\n",
       " 'resample',\n",
       " 'reset_index',\n",
       " 'rfloordiv',\n",
       " 'rmod',\n",
       " 'rmul',\n",
       " 'rolling',\n",
       " 'round',\n",
       " 'rpow',\n",
       " 'rsub',\n",
       " 'rtruediv',\n",
       " 'sample',\n",
       " 'searchsorted',\n",
       " 'sem',\n",
       " 'set_axis',\n",
       " 'set_flags',\n",
       " 'shape',\n",
       " 'shift',\n",
       " 'size',\n",
       " 'skew',\n",
       " 'slice_shift',\n",
       " 'sort_index',\n",
       " 'sort_values',\n",
       " 'squeeze',\n",
       " 'std',\n",
       " 'str',\n",
       " 'sub',\n",
       " 'subtract',\n",
       " 'sum',\n",
       " 'swapaxes',\n",
       " 'swaplevel',\n",
       " 'tail',\n",
       " 'take',\n",
       " 'to_clipboard',\n",
       " 'to_csv',\n",
       " 'to_dict',\n",
       " 'to_excel',\n",
       " 'to_frame',\n",
       " 'to_hdf',\n",
       " 'to_json',\n",
       " 'to_latex',\n",
       " 'to_list',\n",
       " 'to_markdown',\n",
       " 'to_numpy',\n",
       " 'to_period',\n",
       " 'to_pickle',\n",
       " 'to_sql',\n",
       " 'to_string',\n",
       " 'to_timestamp',\n",
       " 'to_xarray',\n",
       " 'transform',\n",
       " 'transpose',\n",
       " 'truediv',\n",
       " 'truncate',\n",
       " 'tz_convert',\n",
       " 'tz_localize',\n",
       " 'unique',\n",
       " 'unstack',\n",
       " 'update',\n",
       " 'value_counts',\n",
       " 'values',\n",
       " 'var',\n",
       " 'view',\n",
       " 'where',\n",
       " 'xs']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dir(cities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['San Francisco', 'Los Angeles', 'Las  Vegas', nan]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(cities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'San Francisco', 1: 'Los Angeles', 2: 'Las  Vegas', 3: nan}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 85,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict(cities)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    San Francisco\n",
       "1      Los Angeles\n",
       "2       Las  Vegas\n",
       "3              NaN\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 86,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Las Vegas\" in cities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 88,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 in cities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Las Vegas\" in cities.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "100 not in cities"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 91,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Paris\" not in cities.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.7 Coding Challenge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.7.1 Problems"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2.7.2 Solutions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "superheroes = [\n",
    "    \"Batman\",\n",
    "    \"Superman\",\n",
    "    \"Spider-Man\",\n",
    "    \"Iron Man\",\n",
    "    \"Captain America\",\n",
    "    \"Wonder Woman\"\n",
    "]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "strength_levels = (100, 120, 90, 95, 110, 120)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0             Batman\n",
       "1           Superman\n",
       "2         Spider-Man\n",
       "3           Iron Man\n",
       "4    Captain America\n",
       "5       Wonder Woman\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 94,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(superheroes)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    100\n",
       "1    120\n",
       "2     90\n",
       "3     95\n",
       "4    110\n",
       "5    120\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series(data = strength_levels)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Batman             100\n",
       "Superman           120\n",
       "Spider-Man          90\n",
       "Iron Man            95\n",
       "Captain America    110\n",
       "Wonder Woman       120\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 96,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes = pd.Series(\n",
    "    data = strength_levels, index = superheroes\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "heroes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Batman      100\n",
       "Superman    120\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.head(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Spider-Man          90\n",
       "Iron Man            95\n",
       "Captain America    110\n",
       "Wonder Woman       120\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 98,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.tail(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 99,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.nunique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "105.83333333333333"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "120"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.max()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "90"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 102,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes.min()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Batman             200\n",
       "Superman           240\n",
       "Spider-Man         180\n",
       "Iron Man           190\n",
       "Captain America    220\n",
       "Wonder Woman       240\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 103,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heroes * 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Batman': 100,\n",
       " 'Superman': 120,\n",
       " 'Spider-Man': 90,\n",
       " 'Iron Man': 95,\n",
       " 'Captain America': 110,\n",
       " 'Wonder Woman': 120}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 104,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict(heroes)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2.7 Summary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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