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<p>本文主要介绍UIViewController生命周期，在视图出现或者消失的时候处理一些必要的逻辑过程。</p>
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GitHub使用
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<p>Git是一款免费、开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。</p>
<p>Git可以帮助我们管理代码，它是一个分布式版本控制系统。它设计了仓库这样一个管理机制，它不同于SVN集中式的版本控制理念，Git是分布式版本控制。</p>
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ReactiveCocoa
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<p><a href="https://github.com/ReactiveCocoa/ReactiveCocoa/tree/v2.5" target="_blank" rel="external">ReactiveCocoa</a>是在GitHub上开源的一个应用在iOS和OS X的框架，RAC具有函数式编程和响应式编程的一些特性。最近在看有关这方面的知识，先简单说下RAC的简单用法。</p>
<h3 id="安装ReactiveCooa"><a href="#安装ReactiveCooa" class="headerlink" title="安装ReactiveCooa"></a>安装ReactiveCooa</h3><p>其实安装RAC比较简单，如果通过Cocopods安装的话直接安装2.5.0版本就好（OC）。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><= v2.5:Objective-C</div><div class="line">v3.x:Swift 1.2</div><div class="line">v4.x:Swift 2.x</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">platform:ios,<span class="string">"8.0"</span></div><div class="line">target <span class="string">"ReactiveCocoaDemo"</span> <span class="keyword">do</span></div><div class="line"> pod <span class="string">'ReactiveCocoa'</span>, <span class="string">'~> 2.5.0'</span></div><div class="line">end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>###简单用法</p>
<p>实例：假设在一个登录页面需要输入11位手机号和大于1位的验证码，当满足条件的时候登录按钮可登录。一般平常做法就用TextField代理方法监听即可，但是代码量大一点。</p>
<p>如果采用RAC的话我们可以先创建numberTextField(手机号)和codeTextField(验证码)的信号。我们先通过map方法创建信号。RAC的map方法用于改变信号的返回值，在信号中断后返回bool值。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">RACSignal *numberSignal = [self.numberTextField.rac_textSignal map:^id(NSString *username) {</div><div class="line"> NSUInteger length = username.length;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (length == 11) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> @(YES);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> @(NO);</div><div class="line"> }];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">RACSignal *codeSingnal = [self.codeTextField.rac_textSignal map:^id(NSString *code) {</div><div class="line"> NSUInteger length = code.length;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (length > 0) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> @(YES);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> @(NO);</div><div class="line"> }];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通过创建前面的两个信号判断按钮是否可用，如果前两个信号都为真的话，登陆按钮可用。先看下面的用法</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">RAC(self.loginButton,enabled) = [RACSignal combineLatest:@[numberSignal,codeSingnal] reduce:^(NSNumber *isnumberCorrect,NSNumber *iscodeCorrect){</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> @(isnumberCorrect.boolValue && iscodeCorrect.boolValue);</div><div class="line"> }];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>总结下：其实就是创建您所需要的信号不用管理他们的实现过程只看结果就行。</p>
<p>RAC本身是一个非常复杂的框架，可以先下载下他的demo，看下源代码。我们可以看出RAC主要由以下四大核心组件构成：<br>1> 信号源：RACStream及其子类；<br>2> 订阅者：RACSubscriber的实现类及其子类；<br>3> 调度器：RACScheduler及其子类；<br>4> 清洁工：RACDisposable及其子类。</p>
<p>从源码中可以知道信号源是最核心的部分，其他组件围绕他运作。信号源码中可以看出，一般分为以下步骤：</p>
<p>1.创建信号2.订阅Next信号3.订阅失败信号4.订阅成功信号</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">RACSignal *<span class="built_in">test</span>Singnal = [RACSignal createSignal:^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {</div><div class="line"> [subscriber sendNext:@<span class="string">"test"</span>];</div><div class="line"> [subscriber sendCompleted];</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }];</div><div class="line"> }];</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> // 2.1 订阅Next信号</div><div class="line"> [<span class="built_in">test</span>Singnal subscribeNext:^(id x) {</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }];</div><div class="line"> // 2.2 订阅失败信号</div><div class="line"> [<span class="built_in">test</span>Singnal subscribeError:^(NSError *error) {</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }];</div><div class="line"> // 2.3 订阅成功信号</div><div class="line"> [<span class="built_in">test</span>Singnal subscribeCompleted:^{</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>RAC结构挺复杂的最好的建议还是先使用，看源码分析慢慢发掘其中的奥秘。</p>
<h3 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h3><p>[<a href="http://blog.leichunfeng.com/blog/2015/12/25/reactivecocoa-v2-dot-5-yuan-ma-jie-xi-zhi-jia-gou-zong-lan/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://blog.leichunfeng.com/blog/2015/12/25/reactivecocoa-v2-dot-5-yuan-ma-jie-xi-zhi-jia-gou-zong-lan/</a>] ()<br><a href="">https://github.com/ReactiveCocoa/ReactiveCocoa/blob/v2.5/Documentation/FrameworkOverview.md</a></p>
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<p>在iOS开发中category本来不能为原有类添加属性, 只能添加方法。</p>
<p>下面我们来探讨一下：<br>首先我们创建一个City类，如下：</p>
<p>City.h</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import <Foundation/Foundation.h></span></div><div class="line">@interface City : NSObject</div><div class="line">/// 城市名称</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *cityName;</div><div class="line">/// 城市编码</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *cityCode;</div><div class="line">- (void)compareCount;</div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>City.m</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import "City.h"</span></div><div class="line">@implementation City</div><div class="line">- (void)compareCount {</div><div class="line"> NSLog(@<span class="string">"%s"</span>,__func__);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在所在的控制器里面实现如下方法获取下City类中的属性、成员变量、方法：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> // 获取成员变量</div><div class="line"> unsigned int ivarCount = 0;</div><div class="line"> Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([City class], &ivarCount);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (int i = 0; i < ivarCount; i++) {</div><div class="line"> Ivar ivar = ivars[i];</div><div class="line"> NSLog(@<span class="string">"第%d个成员变量：%s"</span>,i,ivar_getName(ivar));</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> free(ivars);</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> // 获取属性</div><div class="line"> unsigned int propertyCount = 0;</div><div class="line"> objc_property_t *propertyList = class_copyPropertyList([City class], &propertyCount);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (int i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++) {</div><div class="line"> objc_property_t property = propertyList[i];</div><div class="line"> NSLog(@<span class="string">"第%d个属性：%s"</span>,i,property_getName(property));</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> // 获取方法列表</div><div class="line"> unsigned int methodCount = 0;</div><div class="line"> Method *methods = class_copyMethodList([City class], &methodCount);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {</div><div class="line"> Method method = methods[i];</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> NSLog(@<span class="string">"第%d个方法：%s"</span>,i, sel_getName(method_getName(method)));</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后可以获取到编译器控制台打印结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.969 Test[39527:423417] 第0个成员变量：_cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.969 Test[39527:423417] 第1个成员变量：_cityCode</div><div class="line">-------</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.969 Test[39527:423417] 第0个属性：cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.970 Test[39527:423417] 第1个属性：cityCode</div><div class="line">-------</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.970 Test[39527:423417] 第0个方法：compareCount</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.970 Test[39527:423417] 第1个方法：cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.970 Test[39527:423417] 第2个方法：<span class="built_in">set</span>CityName:</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.970 Test[39527:423417] 第3个方法：cityCode</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.971 Test[39527:423417] 第4个方法：<span class="built_in">set</span>CityCode:</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 17:57:06.971 Test[39527:423417] 第5个方法：.cxx_destruct</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>从打印结果可以看出通过@property的时候系统会自动生成带下划线的“_”的成员变量和此变量的setter方法和getter方法，可以这样理解：属性 = 成员变量 + setter方法 + getter方法。那么在分类里面@property是怎么实现的呢，接下来我们创建一个City的分类:</p>
<p>City+District.h</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import "City.h"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@interface City (District)</div><div class="line">/// 区</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *district;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>City+District.m</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import "City+District.h"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@implementation City (District)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样的话在.m里面会有缺少district 的setter和getter的方法，如果在外部使用的话程序会崩溃</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">-[City district]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x60000003a800</div><div class="line">(lldb)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>之后写上setter和getter方法之后可以看到打印结果如下</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.435 Test[42031:451930] 第0个成员变量：_cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.436 Test[42031:451930] 第1个成员变量：_cityCode</div><div class="line">-------</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.436 Test[42031:451930] 第0个属性：district</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.436 Test[42031:451930] 第1个属性：cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.436 Test[42031:451930] 第2个属性：cityCode</div><div class="line">-------</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.437 Test[42031:451930] 第0个方法：district</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.437 Test[42031:451930] 第1个方法：compareCount</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.437 Test[42031:451930] 第2个方法：cityName</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.437 Test[42031:451930] 第3个方法：<span class="built_in">set</span>CityName:</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.437 Test[42031:451930] 第4个方法：cityCode</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.438 Test[42031:451930] 第5个方法：<span class="built_in">set</span>CityCode:</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.438 Test[42031:451930] 第6个方法：<span class="built_in">set</span>District:</div><div class="line">2017-02-07 18:24:41.438 Test[42031:451930] 第7个方法：.cxx_destruct</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看出获取到属性列表可以打印出district属性但是并没有<em>district成员变量。也就是说，在setter和getter方法里仍然不能直接访问以下划线开头的成员变量，因为在分类里用@property声明属性时系统并没有添加以“</em>”开头的成员变量。但是可以通过runtime.h运行时来为分类绑定属性，相关代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import "City+District.h"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">#import <objc/runtime.h></span></div><div class="line">const void *key = @<span class="string">"key"</span>;//制作一个key函数</div><div class="line">@implementation City (District)</div><div class="line">- (void)<span class="built_in">set</span>District:(NSString *)district {</div><div class="line"> objc_setAssociatedObject(self, key, district, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC);//为属性绑定<span class="built_in">set</span>方法</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">- (NSString *)district {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">return</span> objc_getAssociatedObject(self, key);//为属性绑定get方法</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>总结：<br>通过以上的探索可以看出，在分类里使用@property声明属性，只是将该属性添加到该类的属性列表，并声明了setter和getter方法，但是没有生成相应的成员变量，也没有实现setter方法和getter方法，所以说分类是不能添加属性的，但是在分类里使用@property声明属性之后，通过实现setter和getter方法，那么在这个类以外又可以正常通过点语法给该属性赋值和取值。那么在分类里使用@property声明属性，实现了setter和getter方法后，可以认为为这个类添加上了属性。</p>
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