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TMUX(1) BSD General Commands Manual TMUX(1)
NAME
tmux -- terminal multiplexer
SYNOPSIS
tmux [-28dqUuVv] [-f file] [-L socket-name] [-S socket-path]
[command [flags]]
DESCRIPTION
tmux is a terminal multiplexer; it enables a number of terminals to be
accessed and controlled from a single terminal.
tmux runs as a server-client system. A server is created automatically
when necessary and holds a number of sessions, each of which may have a
number of windows linked to it. A window may be split on screen into one
or more panes, each of which is a separate terminal. Any number of
clients may connect to a session, or the server may be controlled by
issuing commands with tmux. Communication takes place through a socket,
by default placed in /tmp.
The options are as follows:
-2 Force tmux to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.
-8 Like -2, indicates the terminal supports 88 colours.
-d Force tmux to assume the terminal supports default colours.
-f file Specify an alternative configuration file. By default,
tmux will look for a config file at ~/.tmux.conf. The con-
figuration file is a set of tmux commands which are exe-
cuted in sequence when the server is first started.
-q Prevent the server sending various information messages,
for example when window flags are altered.
-L socket-name
tmux stores the server socket in a directory under /tmp;
the default socket is named default. This option allows a
different socket name to be specified, allowing several
independent tmux servers to be run. Unlike -S a full path
is not necessary: the sockets are all created in the same
directory.
-S socket-path
Specify a full alternative path to the server socket. If
-S is specified, the default socket directory is not used
and any -L flag is ignored.
-U Unlock the server.
-u Instruct tmux that the terminal support UTF-8.
-V Print program version.
-v Request verbose logging. This option may be specified mul-
tiple times for increasing verbosity. Log messages will be
saved into tmux-client-PID.log and tmux-server-PID.log
files in the current directory, where PID is the pid of the
server or client process.
command [flags]
This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
tmux, and described in the following sections. If no com-
mand and flags is specified, the new-session command is
assumed.
QUICK START
To create a new tmux session running vi(1):
$ tmux new-session vi
Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For new-session,
this is new:
$ tmux new vi
Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
If there are several options, they are listed:
$ tmux n
ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
$
Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing 'C-b'
(ctrl-b, known as the prefix key) followed by the 'c' key.
Windows may be navigated with: 'C-b 0' (to select window 0), 'C-b 1' (to
select window 1), and so on; 'C-b n' to select the next window; and 'C-b
p' to select the previous window.
A session may be detached using 'C-b d' and reattached with:
$ tmux attach-session
Typing 'C-b ?' lists the current key bindings in the current window; up
and down may be used to navigate the list or 'Q' to exit from it.
KEY BINDINGS
tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination
of a prefix key, 'C-b' (ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
Some of the default key bindings include:
'd' Detach current client.
'c' Create new window.
'n' Change to next window in the current session.
'p' Change to previous window in the current session.
'l' Move to last (previously selected) window in the current session.
't' Display a large clock.
'?' List current key bindings.
A complete list may be obtained with the list-keys command (bound to '?'
by default). Key bindings may be changed with the bind-key and
unbind-key commands.
HISTORY
tmux maintains a configurable history buffer for each window. By
default, up to 2000 lines are kept, this can be altered with the
history-limit option (see the set-option command below).
MODES
A tmux window may be in one of several modes. The default permits direct
access to the terminal attached to the window. The others are:
output mode
This is entered when a command which produces output, such as
list-keys, is executed from a key binding.
scroll mode
This is entered with the scroll-mode command (bound to '=' by
default) and permits the window history buffer to be inspected.
copy mode
This permits a section of a window or its history to be copied to
a paste buffer for later insertion into another window. This
mode is entered with the copy-mode command, bound to ['' by
default.
The keys available depend on whether emacs(1) or vi(1) mode is selected
(see the mode-keys option). The following keys are supported as appro-
priate for the mode:
Function vi emacs
Start of line 0 or ^ C-a
Clear selection Escape C-g
Copy selection Enter M-w
Cursor down j Down
End of line $ C-e
Cursor left h Left
Next page C-f Page down
Next word w M-f
Previous page C-u Page up
Previous word b M-b
Quit mode q Escape
Cursor right l Right
Start selection Space C-Space
Cursor up k Up
BUFFERS
tmux maintains a stack of paste buffers for each session. Up to the
value of the buffer-limit option are kept; when a new buffer is added,
the buffer at the bottom of the stack is removed. Buffers may be added
using copy-mode or the set-buffer command, and pasted into a window using
the paste-buffer command.
PANES AND LAYOUTS
Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes; each
pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
A window may be split into panes using the split-window command.
Panes are numbered beginning from zero; in horizontal layouts zero is the
leftmost pane and in vertical the topmost.
Panes may be arranged using several layouts. The layout may be cycled
with the next-layout command (bound to 'C-space' by default), the current
pane may be changed with the up-pane and down-pane commands and the
rotate-window and swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes without
changing the window layout.
The following layouts are supported:
manual Manual layout splits windows vertically (running across); only
with this layout may panes be resized using the resize-pane-up
and resize-pane-down commands.
active-only
Only the active pane is shown - all other panes are hidden.
even-horizontal
Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
even-vertical
Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
left-vertical
A large (81 column) pane is shown on the left of the window and
the remaining panes are spread from top to bottom in the leftover
space to the right.
COMMANDS
This section contains a list of the commands supported by tmux. Most
commands accept the optional -t argument with one of target-client,
target-session or target-window. These specify the client, session or
window which a command should affect. target-client is the name of the
pty(4) file to which the client is connected, for example /dev/ttyp1.
Clients may be listed with the list-clients command.
target-session is either the name of a session (as listed by the
list-sessions command); or the name of a client as for target-client, in
this case, the session attached to the client is used. An fnmatch(3)
pattern may be used to match the session name. If a session is omitted
when required, tmux attempts to use the current session; if no current
session is available, the most recently created is chosen. If no client
is specified, the current client is chosen, if possible, or an error is
reported.
target-window specifies a window in the form session:index, for example
mysession:1. The session is in the same form as for target-session.
session, index or both may be omitted. If session is omitted, the same
rules as for target-session are followed; if index is not present, the
current window for the given session is used. When the argument does not
contain a colon (:), tmux first attempts to parse it as window index; if
that fails, an attempt is made to match a session or client name.
Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a command
sequence. Each command should be separated by spaces and a semicolon ('
; '); commands are executed sequentially from left to right. A literal
semicolon may be included by escaping it with a backslash (for example,
when specifying a command sequence to bind-key).
Examples include:
refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
rename-session -tfirst newname
set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on
new-window ; split-window -d
bind-key D detach-client \; lock-server
The following commands are available:
attach-session [-d] [-t target-session]
(alias: attach)
Create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to a
session. If -d is specified, any other clients attached to the
session are detached.
If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to start it;
this will fail unless sessions are created in the configuration
file.
bind-key [-r] key command [arguments]
(alias: bind)
Bind key key to command. Keys may be specified prefixed with
'C-' or '^' for ctrl keys, or 'M-' for alt (meta) keys. The -r
flag indicates this key may repeat, see the repeat-time option.
break-pane [-d] [-p pane-index] [-t target-window]
Break the current pane off from its containing window to make it
the only pane in a new window. If -d is given, the new window
does not become the current window.
choose-session [-t target-window]
Put a window into session choice mode, where the session for the
current client may be selected interactively from a list. This
command works only from inside tmux.
choose-window [-t target-window]
Put a window into window choice mode, where the window for the
session attached to the current client may be selected interac-
tively from a list. This command works only from inside tmux.
clock-mode [-t target-window]
Display a large clock.
command-prompt [-t target-client] [template]
Open the command prompt in a client. This may be used from
inside tmux to execute commands interactively. If template is
specified, it is used as the command; any %% in the template will
be replaced by what is entered at the prompt.
copy-buffer [-a src-index] [-b dst-index] [-s src-session] [-t
dst-session]
(alias: copyb)
Copy a session paste buffer to another session. If no sessions
are specified, the current one is used instead.
copy-mode [-u] [-t target-window]
Enter copy mode. The -u option scrolls one page up.
delete-buffer [-b buffer-index] [-t target-session]
(alias: deleteb)
Delete the buffer at buffer-index, or the top buffer if not spec-
ified.
detach-client [-t target-client]
(alias: detach)
Detach the current client if bound to a key, or the specified
client with -t.
down-pane [-p pane-index] [-t target-window]
(alias: downp)
Move down a pane.
find-window [-t target-window] match-string
(alias: findw)
Search for match-string in window names, titles, and visible con-
tent (but not history). If only one window is matched, it'll be
automatically selected, otherwise a choice list is shown. This
command only works from inside tmux.
has-session [-t target-session]
(alias: has)
Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not
exist. If it does exist, exit with 0.
kill-pane [-p pane-index] [-t target-window]
(alias: killp)
Destroy the given pane.
kill-server
Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions.
kill-session [-t target-session]
Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and
no other sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.
kill-window [-t target-window]
(alias: killw)
Kill the current window or the window at target-window, removing
it from any sessions to which it is linked.
last-window [-t target-session]
(alias: last)
Select the last (previously selected) window. If no
target-session is specified, select the last window of the cur-
rent session.
link-window [-dk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: linkw)
Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window. If
dst-window is specified and no such window exists, the src-window
is linked there. If -k is given and dst-window exists, it is
killed, otherwise an error is generated. If -d is given, the
newly linked window is not selected.
list-buffers [-t target-session]
(alias: lsb)
List the buffers in the given session.
list-clients
(alias: lsc)
List all clients attached to the server.
list-commands
(alias: lscm)
List the syntax of all commands supported by tmux.
list-keys
(alias: lsk)
List all key bindings.
list-sessions
(alias: ls)
List all sessions managed by the server.
list-windows [-t target-session]
(alias: lsw)
List windows in the current session or in target-session.
load-buffer [-b buffer-index] [-t target-session] path
(alias: loadb)
Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.
lock-server
(alias: lock)
Lock the server until a password is entered.
move-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: movew)
This is similar to link-window, except the window at src-window
is moved to dst-window.
new-session [-d] [-n window-name] [-s session-name] [command]
(alias: new)
Create a new session with name session-name. The new session is
attached to the current terminal unless -d is given. window-name
and command are the name of and command to execute in the initial
window.
new-window [-d] [-n window-name] [-t target-window] [command]
(alias: neww)
Create a new window. If -d is given, the session does not make
the new window the current window. target-window represents the
window to be created. command is the command to execute. If
command is not specified, the default command is used.
The TERM environment variable must be set to ``screen'' for all
programs running inside tmux. New windows will automatically
have ``TERM=screen'' added to their environment, but care must be
taken not to reset this in shell start-up files.
next-layout [-t target-window]
(alias: nextl)
Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
next-window [-t target-session]
(alias: next)
Move to the next window in the session.
paste-buffer [-d] [-b buffer-index] [-t target-window]
(alias: pasteb)
Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the current window.
previous-window [-t target-session]
(alias: prev)
Move to the previous window in the session.
refresh-client [-t target-client]
(alias: refresh)
Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client
if one is given with -t.
rename-session [-t target-session] new-name
(alias: rename)
Rename the session to new-name.
rename-window [-t target-window] new-name
(alias: renamew)
Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if
specified, to new-name.
resize-pane-down [-p pane-index] [-t target-window] [adjustment]
(alias: resizep-down)
resize-pane-up [-p pane-index] [-t target-window] [adjustment]
(alias: resizep-up)
Resize a pane. The adjustment is given in lines (the default is
1).
respawn-window [-k] [-t target-window] [command]
(alias: respawnw)
Reactive a window in which the command has exited (see the
remain-on-exit window option). If command is not given, the com-
mand used when the window was created is executed. The window
must be already inactive, unless -k is given, in which case any
existing command is killed.
rotate-window [-DU] [-t target-window]
(alias: rotatew)
Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward
(numerically lower) with -U or downward (numerically higher).
save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-index] [-t target-session] path
(alias: saveb)
Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path. The -a
option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
scroll-mode [-u] [-t target-window]
Enter scroll mode. The -u has the same meaning as in the
copy-mode command.
select-pane [-p pane-index] [-t target-window]
(alias: selectp)
Make pane pane-index the active pane in window target-window.
select-prompt [-t target-client]
Open a prompt inside target-client allowing a window index to be
entered interactively.
select-window [-t target-window]
(alias: selectw)
Select the window at target-window.
send-keys [-t target-window] key ...
(alias: send)
Send a key or keys to a window. Each argument key is the name of
the key (such as 'C-a' or 'npage' ) to send; if the string is not
recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of characters. All
arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
send-prefix [-t target-window]
Send the prefix key to a window as if it was pressed.
server-info
(alias: info)
Show server information and terminal details.
set-buffer [-b buffer-index] [-t target-session] data
(alias: setb)
Set the contents of the specified buffer to data.
set-option [-gu] [-t target-session] option value
(alias: set)
Set an option. If -g is specified, the option is set as a global
option. Global options apply to all sessions which don't have
the option explicitly set. If -g is not used, the option applies
only to target-session. The -u flag unsets an option, so a ses-
sion inherits the option from the global options - it is not pos-
sible to unset a global option.
Possible options are:
bell-action [any | none | current]
Set action on window bell. any means a bell in any win-
dow linked to a session causes a bell in the current win-
dow of that session, none means all bells are ignored and
current means only bell in windows other than the current
window are ignored.
buffer-limit number
Set the number of buffers kept for each session; as new
buffers are added to the top of the stack, old ones are
removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this
maximum length.
default-command command
Set the command used for new windows (if not specified
when the window is created) to command. The default is
``exec $SHELL''.
default-path path
Set the default working directory for processes created
from keys, or interactively from the prompt. The default
is the current working directory when the server is
started.
history-limit lines
Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
This setting applies only to new windows - existing win-
dow histories are not resized and retain the limit at the
point they were created.
lock-after-time number
Lock the server after number seconds of inactivity. The
default is off (set to 0). This has no effect as a ses-
sion option; it must be set as a global option using -g.
message-attr attributes
Set status line message attributes, where attributes is
either default or a comma-delimited list of one or more
of: bright (or bold), dim, underscore, blink, reverse,
hidden, or italics.
message-bg colour
Set status line message background colour, where colour
is one of: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta,
cyan, white or default.
message-fg colour
Set status line message foreground colour.
prefix key
Set the current prefix key.
repeat-time number
Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing
the prefix-key again in the specified number milliseconds
(the default is 500). Whether a key repeats may be set
when it is bound using the -r flag to bind-key. Repeat
is enabled for the default keys of the up-pane,
down-pane, resize-pane-up, and resize-pane-down commands.
set-remain-on-exit [on | off]
Set the remain-on-exit window option for any windows
first created in this session.
set-titles [on | off]
Attempt to set the window title using the \e]2;...\007
xterm code and the terminal appears to be an xterm. This
option is enabled by default. Note that elinks(1) will
only attempt to set the window title if the STY environ-
ment variable is set.
status [on | off]
Show or hide the status line.
status-attr attributes
Set status line attributes.
status-bg colour
Set status line background colour.
status-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour.
status-interval interval
Update the status bar every interval seconds. By
default, updates will occur every 15 seconds. A setting
of zero disables redrawing at interval.
status-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi(1) - or emacs(1) -style key bindings in the status
line, for example at the command prompt. Defaults to
emacs.
status-left string
Display string to the left of the status bar. string
will be passed through strftime(3) before being used. By
default, the session name is shown. string may contain
any of the following special character pairs:
Character pair Replaced with
#(command) First line of command's output
#H Hostname of local host
#S Session name
#T Current window title
## A literal '#'
Where appropriate, these may be prefixed with a number to
specify the maximum length, for example '#24T'.
status-left-length length
Set the maximum length of the left component of the sta-
tus bar. The default is 10.
status-right string
Display string to the right of the status bar. By
default, the date and time will be shown. As with
status-left, string will be passed to strftime(3) and
character pairs are replaced.
status-right-length length
Set the maximum length of the right component of the sta-
tus bar. The default is 40.
set-password [-c] password
(alias: pass)
Set the server password. If the -c option is given, a pre-
encrypted password may be specified. By default, the password is
blank, thus any entered password will be accepted when unlocking
the server (see the lock-server command). To prevent variable
expansion when an encrypted password is read from a configuration
file, enclose it in single quotes (').
set-window-option [-gu] [-t target-window] option value
(alias: setw)
Set a window-specific option. The -g and -u flags work similarly
to the set-option command.
Supported options are:
aggressive-resize [on | off]
Aggressively resize the chosen window. This means that
tmux will resize the window to the size of the smallest
session for which it is the current window, rather than
the smallest session to which it is attached. The window
may resize when the current window is changed on another
sessions; this option is good for full-screen programs
which support SIGWINCH and poor for interactive programs
such as shells.
automatic-rename [on | off]
Control automatic window renaming. When this setting is
enabled, tmux will attempt - on supported platforms - to
rename the window to reflect the command currently run-
ning in it. This flag is automatically disabled for an
individual window when a name is specified at creation
with new-window or new-session, or later with
rename-window. It may be switched off globally with:
set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
clock-mode-colour colour
Set clock colour.
clock-mode-style [12 | 24]
Set clock hour format.
force-height height
force-width width
Prevent tmux from resizing a window to greater than width
or height. A value of zero restores the default unlim-
ited setting.
mode-attr attributes
Set window modes attributes.
mode-bg colour
Set window modes background colour.
mode-fg colour
Set window modes foreground colour.
mode-keys [vi | emacs]
Use vi(1) - or emacs(1) -style key bindings in scroll and
copy modes. Key bindings default to emacs.
monitor-activity [on | off]
Monitor for activity in the window. Windows with activ-
ity are highlighted in the status line.
remain-on-exit [on | off]
A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the
program running in it exits. The window may be reacti-
vated with the respawn-window command.
utf8 [on | off]
Instructs tmux to expect UTF-8 sequences to appear in
this window.
window-status-attr attributes
Set status line attributes for a single window.
window-status-bg colour
Set status line background colour for a single window.
window-status-fg colour
Set status line foreground colour for a single window.
xterm-keys [on | off]
If this option is set, tmux will generate xterm(1) -style
function key sequences; these have a number included to
indicate modifiers such as shift, meta or ctrl.
show-buffer [-b buffer-index] [-t target-session]
(alias: showb)
Display the contents of the specified buffer.
show-options [-t target-session] option value
(alias: show)
Show the currently set options. If a target-session is speci-
fied, the options for that session are shown; otherwise, the
global options are listed.
show-window-options [-t target-window] option value
(alias: showw)
List the current options for the given window.
source-file path
(alias: source)
Execute commands from path.
split-window [-d] [-l lines | -p percentage] [-t target-window] [command]
(alias: splitw)
Creates a new window by splitting it vertically. The -l and -p
options specify the size of the new window in lines, or as a per-
centage, respectively. All other options have the same meaning
as in the new-window command.
A few notes with regard to panes:
1. If attempting to split a window with less than eight lines,
an error will be shown.
2. If the window is resized, as many panes are shown as can fit
without reducing them below four lines.
3. The minimum pane size is four lines (including the separator
line).
4. The panes are indexed from top (0) to bottom, with no num-
bers skipped.
start-server
(alias: start)
Start the tmux server, if not already running, without creating
any sessions.
suspend-client [-c -target-client]
(alias: suspendc)
Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop).
swap-pane [-dDU] [-p src-index] [-t target-window] [-q dst-index]
(alias: swapp)
Swap two panes within a window. If -U is used, the pane is
swapped with the pane above (before it numerically); -D swaps
with the pane below (the next numerically); or dst-index may be
give to swap with a specific pane.
swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
(alias: swapw)
This is similar to link-window, except the source and destination
windows are swapped. It is an error if no window exists at
src-window.
switch-client [-c target-client -t target-session]
(alias: switchc)
Switch the current session for client target-client to
target-session.
unbind-key key
(alias: unbind)
Unbind the key bound to key.
unlink-window [-t target-window]
(alias: unlinkw)
Unlink target-window. A window may be unlinked only if it is
linked to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no
sessions.
up-pane [-p pane-index] [-t target-window]
(alias: upp)
Move up a pane.
FILES
~/.tmux.conf
default tmux configuration file
SEE ALSO
pty(4)
AUTHORS
Nicholas Marriott <[email protected]>
BSD April 20, 2009 BSD