angular-0.10.5.js

/**
 * @license AngularJS v0.10.5
 * (c) 2010-2011 AngularJS http://angularjs.org
 * License: MIT
 */
'use strict';
(function(window, document, undefined){

////////////////////////////////////

if (typeof document.getAttribute == $undefined)
  document.getAttribute = function() {};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.lowercase
 * @function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
 * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
 */
var lowercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.uppercase
 * @function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
 * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
 */
var uppercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};


var manualLowercase = function(s) {
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
      : s;
};
var manualUppercase = function(s) {
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
      : s;
};


// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
// with correct but slower alternatives.
if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
  lowercase = manualLowercase;
  uppercase = manualUppercase;
}

function fromCharCode(code) {return String.fromCharCode(code);}

/**
 * Creates the element for IE8 and below to allow styling of widgets
 * (http://ejohn.org/blog/html5-shiv/). This hack works only if angular is
 * included synchronously at the top of the document before IE sees any
 * unknown elements. See regression/issue-584.html.
 *
 * @param {string} elementName Name of the widget.
 * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
 */
function shivForIE(elementName) {
  elementName = lowercase(elementName);
  if (msie < 9 && elementName.charAt(0) != '@') { // ignore attr-widgets
    document.createElement(elementName);
  }
  return elementName;
}

var _undefined        = undefined,
    _null             = null,
    $$scope           = '$scope',
    $angular          = 'angular',
    $array            = 'array',
    $boolean          = 'boolean',
    $console          = 'console',
    $date             = 'date',
    $length           = 'length',
    $name             = 'name',
    $noop             = 'noop',
    $null             = 'null',
    $number           = 'number',
    $object           = 'object',
    $string           = 'string',
    $value            = 'value',
    $selected         = 'selected',
    $undefined        = 'undefined',
    NOOP              = 'noop',
    Error             = window.Error,
    /** holds major version number for IE or NaN for real browsers */
    msie              = parseInt((/msie (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1], 10),
    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
    jQuery,           // delay binding
    slice             = [].slice,
    push              = [].push,
    error             = window[$console]
                           ? bind(window[$console], window[$console]['error'] || noop)
                           : noop,

    /** @name angular */
    angular           = window[$angular] || (window[$angular] = {}),
    /** @name angular.markup */
    angularTextMarkup = extensionMap(angular, 'markup'),
    /** @name angular.attrMarkup */
    angularAttrMarkup = extensionMap(angular, 'attrMarkup'),
    /** @name angular.directive */
    angularDirective  = extensionMap(angular, 'directive'),
    /** @name angular.widget */
    angularWidget     = extensionMap(angular, 'widget', shivForIE),
    /** @name angular.filter */
    angularFilter     = extensionMap(angular, 'filter'),
    /** @name angular.service */
    angularInputType  = extensionMap(angular, 'inputType', lowercase),
    /** @name angular.service */
    angularService    = extensionMap(angular, 'service'),
    angularCallbacks  = extensionMap(angular, 'callbacks'),
    nodeName_,
    uid               = ['0', '0', '0'],
    DATE_ISOSTRING_LN = 24;

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.forEach
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
 * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key)`, where `value`
 * is the value of an object property or an array element and `key` is the object property key or
 * array element index. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
 *
 * Note: this function was previously known as `angular.foreach`.
 *
   <pre>
     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
     var log = [];
     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key){
       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
     }, log);
     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender:male']);
   </pre>
 *
 * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
 * @param {function()} iterator Iterator function.
 * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
 * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
 */
function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
  var key;
  if (obj) {
    if (isFunction(obj)){
      for (key in obj) {
        if (key != 'prototype' && key != $length && key != $name && obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
        }
      }
    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
      obj.forEach(iterator, context);
    } else if (isObject(obj) && isNumber(obj.length)) {
      for (key = 0; key < obj.length; key++)
        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
    } else {
      for (key in obj)
        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
    }
  }
  return obj;
}

function sortedKeys(obj) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
  }
  return keys.sort();
}

function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
  var keys = sortedKeys(obj)
  for ( var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
  }
  return keys;
}


function formatError(arg) {
  if (arg instanceof Error) {
    if (arg.stack) {
      arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1) ?
            'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack : arg.stack;
    } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
      arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
    }
  }
  return arg;
}

/**
 * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular. The ID is a sequence of alpha numeric
 * characters such as '012ABC'. The reason why we are not using simply a number counter is that
 * the number string gets longer over time, and it can also overflow, where as the the nextId
 * will grow much slower, it is a string, and it will never overflow.
 *
 * @returns an unique alpha-numeric string
 */
function nextUid() {
  var index = uid.length;
  var digit;

  while(index) {
    index--;
    digit = uid[index].charCodeAt(0);
    if (digit == 57 /*'9'*/) {
      uid[index] = 'A';
      return uid.join('');
    }
    if (digit == 90  /*'Z'*/) {
      uid[index] = '0';
    } else {
      uid[index] = String.fromCharCode(digit + 1);
      return uid.join('');
    }
  }
  uid.unshift('0');
  return uid.join('');
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.extend
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying all of the properties from the `src` object(s)
 * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects.
 *
 * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
 * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
 */
function extend(dst) {
  forEach(arguments, function(obj){
    if (obj !== dst) {
      forEach(obj, function(value, key){
        dst[key] = value;
      });
    }
  });
  return dst;
}


function inherit(parent, extra) {
  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, {prototype:parent}))(), extra);
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.noop
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
   <pre>
     function foo(callback) {
       var result = calculateResult();
       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
     }
   </pre>
 */
function noop() {}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.identity
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
 *
   <pre>
     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
       return (transformationFn || identity)(value);
     };
   </pre>
 */
function identity($) {return $;}


function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}

function extensionMap(angular, name, transform) {
  var extPoint;
  return angular[name] || (extPoint = angular[name] = function(name, fn, prop){
    name = (transform || identity)(name);
    if (isDefined(fn)) {
      extPoint[name] = extend(fn, prop || {});
    }
    return extPoint[name];
  });
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isUndefined
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is undefined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
 */
function isUndefined(value){return typeof value == $undefined;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDefined
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is defined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
 */
function isDefined(value){return typeof value != $undefined;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isObject
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
 * considered to be objects.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
 */
function isObject(value){return value!=null && typeof value == $object;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isString
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
 */
function isString(value){return typeof value == $string;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isNumber
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
 */
function isNumber(value){return typeof value == $number;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDate
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a value is a date.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
 */
function isDate(value){return value instanceof Date;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isArray
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
 */
function isArray(value) {return value instanceof Array;}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isFunction
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
 */
function isFunction(value){return typeof value == 'function';}


/**
 * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {*} obj Object to check
 * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
 */
function isWindow(obj) {
  return obj && obj.document && obj.location && obj.alert && obj.setInterval;
}

function isBoolean(value) {return typeof value == $boolean;}
function isTextNode(node) {return nodeName_(node) == '#text';}

function trim(value) {
  return isString(value) ? value.replace(/^\s*/, '').replace(/\s*$/, '') : value;
}

function isElement(node) {
  return node &&
    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
    || (node.bind && node.find));  // we have a bind and find method part of jQuery API
}

/**
 * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
 * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
 */
function makeMap(str){
  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
  for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ )
    obj[ items[i] ] = true;
  return obj;
}



/**
 * HTML class which is the only class which can be used in ng:bind to inline HTML for security
 * reasons.
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param html raw (unsafe) html
 * @param {string=} option If set to 'usafe', get method will return raw (unsafe/unsanitized) html
 */
function HTML(html, option) {
  this.html = html;
  this.get = lowercase(option) == 'unsafe'
    ? valueFn(html)
    : function htmlSanitize() {
        var buf = [];
        htmlParser(html, htmlSanitizeWriter(buf));
        return buf.join('');
      };
}

if (msie < 9) {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    element = element.nodeName ? element : element[0];
    return (element.scopeName && element.scopeName != 'HTML')
      ? uppercase(element.scopeName + ':' + element.nodeName) : element.nodeName;
  };
} else {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    return element.nodeName ? element.nodeName : element[0].nodeName;
  };
}

function isVisible(element) {
  var rect = element[0].getBoundingClientRect(),
      width = (rect.width || (rect.right||0 - rect.left||0)),
      height = (rect.height || (rect.bottom||0 - rect.top||0));
  return width>0 && height>0;
}

function map(obj, iterator, context) {
  var results = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, index, list) {
    results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
  });
  return results;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.Object.size
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines the number of elements in an array, the number of properties an object has, or
 * the length of a string.
 *
 * Note: This function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
 * {@link angular.Object} for more information about Angular arrays.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|string} obj Object, array, or string to inspect.
 * @param {boolean} [ownPropsOnly=false] Count only "own" properties in an object
 * @returns {number} The size of `obj` or `0` if `obj` is neither an object nor an array.
 *
 * @example
 * <doc:example>
 *  <doc:source>
 *   <script>
 *     function SizeCtrl() {
 *       this.fooStringLength = angular.Object.size('foo');
 *     }
 *   </script>
 *   <div ng:controller="SizeCtrl">
 *     Number of items in array: {{ [1,2].$size() }}<br/>
 *     Number of items in object: {{ {a:1, b:2, c:3}.$size() }}<br/>
 *     String length: {{fooStringLength}}
 *   </div>
 *  </doc:source>
 *  <doc:scenario>
 *   it('should print correct sizes for an array and an object', function() {
 *     expect(binding('[1,2].$size()')).toBe('2');
 *     expect(binding('{a:1, b:2, c:3}.$size()')).toBe('3');
 *     expect(binding('fooStringLength')).toBe('3');
 *   });
 *  </doc:scenario>
 * </doc:example>
 */
function size(obj, ownPropsOnly) {
  var size = 0, key;

  if (isArray(obj) || isString(obj)) {
    return obj.length;
  } else if (isObject(obj)){
    for (key in obj)
      if (!ownPropsOnly || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))
        size++;
  }

  return size;
}


function includes(array, obj) {
  for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (obj === array[i]) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

function indexOf(array, obj) {
  for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (obj === array[i]) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

function isLeafNode (node) {
  if (node) {
    switch (node.nodeName) {
    case "OPTION":
    case "PRE":
    case "TITLE":
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.copy
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Alias for {@link angular.Object.copy}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.Object.copy
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
 *
 * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
 * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for array) or properties (for objects)
 *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
 * * If  `source` is not an object or array, `source` is returned.
 *
 * Note: this function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
 * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
 *
 * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
 *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
 * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
 *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
 * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
 *
 * @example
 * <doc:example>
 *  <doc:source>
     <script>
       function Ctrl() {
         this.master = {
           salutation: 'Hello',
           name: 'world'
         };
         this.copy = function() {
           this.form = angular.copy(this.master);
         }
       }
     </script>
     <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
       Salutation: <input type="text" ng:model="master.salutation" ><br/>
       Name: <input type="text" ng:model="master.name"><br/>
       <button ng:click="copy()">copy</button>
       <hr/>

       The master object is <span ng:hide="master.$equals(form)">NOT</span> equal to the form object.

       <pre>master={{master}}</pre>
       <pre>form={{form}}</pre>
     </div>
 *  </doc:source>
 *  <doc:scenario>
   it('should print that initialy the form object is NOT equal to master', function() {
     expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng\\:model="master.salutation"]').val()).toBe('Hello');
     expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng\\:model="master.name"]').val()).toBe('world');
     expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('display')).toBe('inline');
   });

   it('should make form and master equal when the copy button is clicked', function() {
     element('.doc-example-live button').click();
     expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('display')).toBe('none');
   });
 *  </doc:scenario>
 * </doc:example>
 */
function copy(source, destination){
  if (!destination) {
    destination = source;
    if (source) {
      if (isArray(source)) {
        destination = copy(source, []);
      } else if (isDate(source)) {
        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
      } else if (isObject(source)) {
        destination = copy(source, {});
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (isArray(source)) {
      while(destination.length) {
        destination.pop();
      }
      for ( var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
        destination.push(copy(source[i]));
      }
    } else {
      forEach(destination, function(value, key){
        delete destination[key];
      });
      for ( var key in source) {
        destination[key] = copy(source[key]);
      }
    }
  }
  return destination;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.equals
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Alias for {@link angular.Object.equals}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.Object.equals
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, arrays and
 * objects.
 *
 * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
 *
 * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
 * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties pass `===` comparison.
 *
 * During a property comparision, properties of `function` type and properties with names
 * that begin with `$` are ignored.
 *
 * Note: This function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
 * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
 *
 * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
 * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
 * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
 *
 * @example
 * <doc:example>
 *  <doc:source>
     <script>
       function Ctrl() {
         this.master = {
           salutation: 'Hello',
           name: 'world'
         };
         this.greeting = angular.copy(this.master);
       }
     </script>
     <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
       Salutation: <input type="text" ng:model="greeting.salutation"><br/>
       Name: <input type="text" ng:model="greeting.name"><br/>
       <hr/>

       The <code>greeting</code> object is
       <span ng:hide="greeting.$equals(master)">NOT</span> equal to
       <code>{salutation:'Hello', name:'world'}</code>.

       <pre>greeting={{greeting}}</pre>
     </div>
 *  </doc:source>
 *  <doc:scenario>
     it('should print that initialy greeting is equal to the hardcoded value object', function() {
       expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng\\:model="greeting.salutation"]').val()).toBe('Hello');
       expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng\\:model="greeting.name"]').val()).toBe('world');
       expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('display')).toBe('none');
     });

     it('should say that the objects are not equal when the form is modified', function() {
       input('greeting.name').enter('kitty');
       expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('display')).toBe('inline');
     });
 *  </doc:scenario>
 * </doc:example>
 */
function equals(o1, o2) {
  if (o1 === o2) return true;
  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
  if (t1 == t2 && t1 == 'object') {
    if (o1 instanceof Array) {
      if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
        for(key=0; key<length; key++) {
          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
        }
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      keySet = {};
      for(key in o1) {
        if (key.charAt(0) !== '$' && !isFunction(o1[key]) && !equals(o1[key], o2[key])) {
          return false;
        }
        keySet[key] = true;
      }
      for(key in o2) {
        if (!keySet[key] && key.charAt(0) !== '$' && !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
      }
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

function setHtml(node, html) {
  if (isLeafNode(node)) {
    if (msie) {
      node.innerText = html;
    } else {
      node.textContent = html;
    }
  } else {
    node.innerHTML = html;
  }
}

function concat(array1, array2, index) {
  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
}

function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.bind
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
 * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are are prebound to the function. This feature is also
 * known as [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying).
 *
 * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
 * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
 * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
 * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
 */
function bind(self, fn) {
  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
    return curryArgs.length
      ? function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, curryArgs.concat(slice.call(arguments, 0)))
            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
        }
      : function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
            : fn.call(self);
        };
  } else {
    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
    return fn;
  }
}

function toBoolean(value) {
  if (value && value.length !== 0) {
    var v = lowercase("" + value);
    value = !(v == 'f' || v == '0' || v == 'false' || v == 'no' || v == 'n' || v == '[]');
  } else {
    value = false;
  }
  return value;
}


/** @name angular.compile */
function compile(element) {
  return new Compiler(angularTextMarkup, angularAttrMarkup, angularDirective, angularWidget)
    .compile(element);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
 * @returns Object.<(string|boolean)>
 */
function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
  var obj = {}, key_value, key;
  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue){
    if (keyValue) {
      key_value = keyValue.split('=');
      key = decodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
      obj[key] = isDefined(key_value[1]) ? decodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
    }
  });
  return obj;
}

function toKeyValue(obj) {
  var parts = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) + (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
  });
  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
}


/**
 * We need our custom mehtod because encodeURIComponent is too agressive and doesn't follow
 * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
 * segments:
 *    segment       = *pchar
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriSegment(val) {
  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
}


/**
 * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
 * method becuase encodeURIComponent is too agressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
 * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
 *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
  return encodeURIComponent(val).
             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
             replace(/%24/g, '$').
             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
             replace((pctEncodeSpaces ? null : /%20/g), '+');
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:autobind
 * @element script
 *
 * @TODO ng:autobind is not a directive!! it should be documented as bootstrap parameter in a
 *     separate bootstrap section.
 * @TODO rename to ng:autobind to ng:autoboot
 *
 * @description
 * Technically, ng:autobind is not a directive; it is an Angular bootstrap parameter that can act
 * as a directive. It must exist in the script used to boot Angular and can be used only one time.
 * For details on bootstrapping Angular, see {@link guide/dev_guide.bootstrap Initializing Angular}
 * in the Angular Developer Guide.
 *
 * `ng:autobind` with no parameters tells Angular to compile and manage the whole page.
 *
 * `ng:autobind="[root element ID]"` tells Angular to compile and manage part of the document,
 * starting at "root element ID".
 *

 */
function angularInit(config, document){
  var autobind = config.autobind;

  if (autobind) {
    var element = isString(autobind) ? document.getElementById(autobind) : document;
    compile(element)().$apply();
  }
}

function angularJsConfig(document) {
  bindJQuery();
  var scripts = document.getElementsByTagName('script'),
      script = scripts[scripts.length-1],
      scriptSrc = script.src,
      config = {},
      hashPos;

  hashPos = scriptSrc.indexOf('#');
  if (hashPos != -1) extend(config, parseKeyValue(scriptSrc.substr(hashPos+1)));

  eachAttribute(jqLite(script), function(value, name){
    if (/^ng:/.exec(name)) {
      name = name.substring(3).replace(/-/g, '_');
      value = value || true;
      config[name] = value;
    }
  });

  return config;
}

function bindJQuery() {
  // bind to jQuery if present;
  jQuery = window.jQuery;
  // reset to jQuery or default to us.
  if (jQuery) {
    jqLite = jQuery;
    extend(jQuery.fn, {
      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
    });
    JQLitePatchJQueryRemove('remove', true);
    JQLitePatchJQueryRemove('empty');
    JQLitePatchJQueryRemove('html');
  } else {
    jqLite = jqLiteWrap;
  }
  angular.element = jqLite;
}

/**
 * throw error of the argument is falsy.
 */
function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
  if (!arg) {
    var error = new Error("Argument '" + (name||'?') + "' is " +
        (reason || "required"));
    throw error;
  }
  return arg;
}

function assertArgFn(arg, name) {
  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
      (typeof arg == 'object' ? arg.constructor.name : typeof arg));
  return arg;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name angular.version
 * @description
 * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version. This object has the
 * following properties:
 *
 * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
 * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
 * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
 * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
 * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
 */
var version = {
  full: '0.10.5',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by rake's
  major: 0,    // compile task
  minor: 10,
  dot: 5,
  codeName: 'steel-fist'
};

var array = [].constructor;

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.toJson
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
 * @param {boolean=} pretty If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
 * @returns {string} Jsonified string representing `obj`.
 */
function toJson(obj, pretty) {
  var buf = [];
  toJsonArray(buf, obj, pretty ? "\n  " : null, []);
  return buf.join('');
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.fromJson
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Deserializes a JSON string.
 *
 * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
 * @param {boolean} [useNative=false] Use native JSON parser, if available.
 * @returns {Object|Array|Date|string|number} Deserialized thingy.
 */
function fromJson(json, useNative) {
  if (!isString(json)) return json;

  var obj;

  try {
    if (useNative && window.JSON && window.JSON.parse) {
      obj = JSON.parse(json);
      return transformDates(obj);
    }
    return parser(json, true).primary()();
  } catch (e) {
    error("fromJson error: ", json, e);
    throw e;
  }

  // TODO make forEach optionally recursive and remove this function
  function transformDates(obj) {
    if (isString(obj) && obj.length === DATE_ISOSTRING_LN) {
      return angularString.toDate(obj);
    } else if (isArray(obj) || isObject(obj)) {
      forEach(obj, function(val, name) {
        obj[name] = transformDates(val);
      });
    }
    return obj;
  }
}

angular.toJson = toJson;
angular.fromJson = fromJson;

function toJsonArray(buf, obj, pretty, stack) {
  if (isObject(obj)) {
    if (obj === window) {
      buf.push('WINDOW');
      return;
    }

    if (obj === document) {
      buf.push('DOCUMENT');
      return;
    }

    if (includes(stack, obj)) {
      buf.push('RECURSION');
      return;
    }
    stack.push(obj);
  }
  if (obj === null) {
    buf.push($null);
  } else if (obj instanceof RegExp) {
    buf.push(angularString.quoteUnicode(obj.toString()));
  } else if (isFunction(obj)) {
    return;
  } else if (isBoolean(obj)) {
    buf.push('' + obj);
  } else if (isNumber(obj)) {
    if (isNaN(obj)) {
      buf.push($null);
    } else {
      buf.push('' + obj);
    }
  } else if (isString(obj)) {
    return buf.push(angularString.quoteUnicode(obj));
  } else if (isObject(obj)) {
    if (isArray(obj)) {
      buf.push("[");
      var len = obj.length;
      var sep = false;
      for(var i=0; i<len; i++) {
        var item = obj[i];
        if (sep) buf.push(",");
        if (!(item instanceof RegExp) && (isFunction(item) || isUndefined(item))) {
          buf.push($null);
        } else {
          toJsonArray(buf, item, pretty, stack);
        }
        sep = true;
      }
      buf.push("]");
    } else if (isElement(obj)) {
      // TODO(misko): maybe in dev mode have a better error reporting?
      buf.push('DOM_ELEMENT');
    } else if (isDate(obj)) {
      buf.push(angularString.quoteUnicode(angular.Date.toString(obj)));
    } else {
      buf.push("{");
      if (pretty) buf.push(pretty);
      var comma = false;
      var childPretty = pretty ? pretty + "  " : false;
      var keys = [];
      for(var k in obj) {
        if (k!='this' && k!='$parent' && k.substring(0,2) != '$$' && obj.hasOwnProperty(k) && obj[k] !== undefined) {
          keys.push(k);
        }
      }
      keys.sort();
      for ( var keyIndex = 0; keyIndex < keys.length; keyIndex++) {
        var key = keys[keyIndex];
        var value = obj[key];
        if (!isFunction(value)) {
          if (comma) {
            buf.push(",");
            if (pretty) buf.push(pretty);
          }
          buf.push(angularString.quote(key));
          buf.push(":");
          toJsonArray(buf, value, childPretty, stack);
          comma = true;
        }
      }
      buf.push("}");
    }
  }
  if (isObject(obj)) {
    stack.pop();
  }
}

/**
 * Template provides directions an how to bind to a given element.
 * It contains a list of init functions which need to be called to
 * bind to a new instance of elements. It also provides a list
 * of child paths which contain child templates
 */
function Template() {
  this.paths = [];
  this.children = [];
  this.linkFns = [];
  this.newScope = false;
}

Template.prototype = {
  link: function(element, scope) {
    var childScope = scope;
    if (this.newScope) {
      childScope = isFunction(this.newScope) ? scope.$new(this.newScope(scope)) : scope.$new();
      element.data($$scope, childScope);
    }
    forEach(this.linkFns, function(fn) {
      try {
        childScope.$service.invoke(childScope, fn, [element]);
      } catch (e) {
        childScope.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
      }
    });
    var i,
        childNodes = element[0].childNodes,
        children = this.children,
        paths = this.paths,
        length = paths.length;
    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      // sometimes `element` can be modified by one of the linker functions in `this.linkFns`
      // and childNodes may be added or removed
      // TODO: element structure needs to be re-evaluated if new children added
      // if the childNode still exists
      if (childNodes[paths[i]])
        children[i].link(jqLite(childNodes[paths[i]]), childScope);
      else
        delete paths[i]; // if child no longer available, delete path
    }
  },


  addLinkFn:function(linkingFn) {
    if (linkingFn) {
      this.linkFns.push(linkingFn);
    }
  },


  addChild: function(index, template) {
    if (template) {
      this.paths.push(index);
      this.children.push(template);
    }
  },

  empty: function() {
    return this.linkFns.length === 0 && this.paths.length === 0;
  }
};

///////////////////////////////////
//Compiler
//////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.compile
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Compiles a piece of HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
 * can then be used to link {@link angular.scope scope} and the template together.
 *
 * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and trying to match DOM elements to
 * {@link angular.markup markup}, {@link angular.attrMarkup attrMarkup},
 * {@link angular.widget widgets}, and {@link angular.directive directives}. For each match it
 * executes corresponding markup, attrMarkup, widget or directive template function and collects the
 * instance functions into a single template function which is then returned.
 *
 * The template function can then be used once to produce the view or as it is the case with
 * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat repeater} many-times, in which case each call results in a view
 * that is a DOM clone of the original template.
 *
   <pre>
    // compile the entire window.document and give me the scope bound to this template.
    var rootScope = angular.compile(window.document)();

    // compile a piece of html
    var rootScope2 = angular.compile('<div ng:click="clicked = true">click me</div>')();

    // compile a piece of html and retain reference to both the dom and scope
    var template = angular.element('<div ng:click="clicked = true">click me</div>'),
        scope = angular.compile(template)();
    // at this point template was transformed into a view
   </pre>
 *
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML to compile into a template function.
 * @returns {function([scope][, cloneAttachFn])} a template function which is used to bind template
 * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
 *
 *  * `scope` - A {@link angular.scope Scope} to bind to. If none specified, then a new
 *               root scope is created.
 *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
 *               `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
 *               cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
 *               called as: <br/> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
 *
 *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
 *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
 *
 * Calling the template function returns the scope to which the element is bound to. It is either
 * the same scope as the one passed into the template function, or if none were provided it's the
 * newly create scope.
 *
 * It is important to understand that the returned scope is "linked" to the view DOM, but no linking
 * (instance) functions registered by {@link angular.directive directives} or
 * {@link angular.widget widgets} found in the template have been executed yet. This means that the
 * view is likely empty and doesn't contain any values that result from evaluation on the scope. To
 * bring the view to life, the scope needs to run through a $digest phase which typically is done by
 * Angular automatically, except for the case when an application is being
 * {@link guide/dev_guide.bootstrap.manual_bootstrap} manually bootstrapped, in which case the
 * $digest phase must be invoked by calling {@link angular.scope.$apply}.
 *
 * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
 *
 * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
 *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
 *   <pre>
 *     var view = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
 *         scope = angular.compile(view)();
 *   </pre>
 *
 * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
 *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
 *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
 *   <pre>
 *     var original = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
 *         scope = someParentScope.$new(),
 *         clone;
 *
 *     angular.compile(original)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
 *       clone = clonedElement;
 *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
 *     });
 *
 *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clone`
 *   </pre>
 *
 *
 * Compiler Methods For Widgets and Directives:
 *
 * The following methods are available for use when you write your own widgets, directives,
 * and markup.  (Recall that the compile function's this is a reference to the compiler.)
 *
 *  `compile(element)` - returns linker -
 *  Invoke a new instance of the compiler to compile a DOM element and return a linker function.
 *  You can apply the linker function to the original element or a clone of the original element.
 *  The linker function returns a scope.
 *
 *  * `comment(commentText)` - returns element - Create a comment element.
 *
 *  * `element(elementName)` - returns element - Create an element by name.
 *
 *  * `text(text)` - returns element - Create a text element.
 *
 *  * `descend([set])` - returns descend state (true or false). Get or set the current descend
 *  state. If true the compiler will descend to children elements.
 *
 *  * `directives([set])` - returns directive state (true or false). Get or set the current
 *  directives processing state. The compiler will process directives only when directives set to
 *  true.
 *
 * For information on how the compiler works, see the
 * {@link guide/dev_guide.compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
 */
function Compiler(markup, attrMarkup, directives, widgets){
  this.markup = markup;
  this.attrMarkup = attrMarkup;
  this.directives = directives;
  this.widgets = widgets;
}

Compiler.prototype = {
  compile: function(templateElement) {
    templateElement = jqLite(templateElement);
    var index = 0,
        template,
        parent = templateElement.parent();
    if (templateElement.length > 1) {
      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/338
      throw Error("Cannot compile multiple element roots: " +
          jqLite('<div>').append(templateElement.clone()).html());
    }
    if (parent && parent[0]) {
      parent = parent[0];
      for(var i = 0; i < parent.childNodes.length; i++) {
        if (parent.childNodes[i] == templateElement[0]) {
          index = i;
        }
      }
    }
    template = this.templatize(templateElement, index) || new Template();
    return function(scope, cloneConnectFn){
      // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
      // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
      var element = cloneConnectFn
        ? JQLitePrototype.clone.call(templateElement) // IMPORTANT!!!
        : templateElement;
        scope = scope || createScope();
      element.data($$scope, scope);
      scope.$element = element;
      (cloneConnectFn||noop)(element, scope);
      template.link(element, scope);
      return scope;
    };
  },

  templatize: function(element, elementIndex){
    var self = this,
        widget,
        fn,
        directiveFns = self.directives,
        descend = true,
        directives = true,
        elementName = nodeName_(element),
        elementNamespace = elementName.indexOf(':') > 0 ? lowercase(elementName).replace(':', '-') : '',
        template,
        selfApi = {
          compile: bind(self, self.compile),
          descend: function(value){ if(isDefined(value)) descend = value; return descend;},
          directives: function(value){ if(isDefined(value)) directives = value; return directives;},
          scope: function(value){ if(isDefined(value)) template.newScope = template.newScope || value; return template.newScope;}
        };
    element.addClass(elementNamespace);
    template = new Template();
    eachAttribute(element, function(value, name){
      if (!widget) {
        if ((widget = self.widgets('@' + name))) {
          element.addClass('ng-attr-widget');
          widget = bind(selfApi, widget, value, element);
        }
      }
    });
    if (!widget) {
      if ((widget = self.widgets(elementName))) {
        if (elementNamespace)
          element.addClass('ng-widget');
        widget = bind(selfApi, widget, element);
      }
    }
    if (widget) {
      descend = false;
      directives = false;
      var parent = element.parent();
      template.addLinkFn(widget.call(selfApi, element));
      if (parent && parent[0]) {
        element = jqLite(parent[0].childNodes[elementIndex]);
      }
    }
    if (descend){
      // process markup for text nodes only
      for(var i=0, child=element[0].childNodes;
          i<child.length; i++) {
        if (isTextNode(child[i])) {
          forEach(self.markup, function(markup){
            if (i<child.length) {
              var textNode = jqLite(child[i]);
              markup.call(selfApi, textNode.text(), textNode, element);
            }
          });
        }
      }
    }

    if (directives) {
      // Process attributes/directives
      eachAttribute(element, function(value, name){
        forEach(self.attrMarkup, function(markup){
          markup.call(selfApi, value, name, element);
        });
      });
      eachAttribute(element, function(value, name){
        fn = directiveFns[name];
        if (fn) {
          element.addClass('ng-directive');
          template.addLinkFn((directiveFns[name]).call(selfApi, value, element));
        }
      });
    }
    // Process non text child nodes
    if (descend) {
      eachNode(element, function(child, i){
        template.addChild(i, self.templatize(child, i));
      });
    }
    return template.empty() ? null : template;
  }
};

function eachNode(element, fn){
  var i, chldNodes = element[0].childNodes || [], chld;
  for (i = 0; i < chldNodes.length; i++) {
    if(!isTextNode(chld = chldNodes[i])) {
      fn(jqLite(chld), i);
    }
  }
}

function eachAttribute(element, fn){
  var i, attrs = element[0].attributes || [], chld, attr, name, value, attrValue = {};
  for (i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++) {
    attr = attrs[i];
    name = attr.name;
    value = attr.value;
    if (msie && name == 'href') {
      value = decodeURIComponent(element[0].getAttribute(name, 2));
    }
    attrValue[name] = value;
  }
  forEachSorted(attrValue, fn);
}

/**
 * DESIGN NOTES
 *
 * The design decisions behind the scope ware heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
 *
 * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
 * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
 *
 * Closures construction is expensive from speed as well as memory:
 *   - no closures, instead ups prototypical inheritance for API
 *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
 *     exposed as $$____ properties
 *
 * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
 *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
 *     items to the array at the begging (shift) instead of at the end (push)
 *
 * Child scopes are created and removed often
 *   - Using array would be slow since inserts in meddle are expensive so we use linked list
 *
 * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
 * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
 * are expensive to construct.
 */


function createScope(providers, instanceCache) {
  var scope = new Scope();
  (scope.$service = createInjector(scope, providers, instanceCache)).eager();
  return scope;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.scope
 *
 * @description
 * A root scope can be created by calling {@link angular.scope angular.scope()}. Child scopes
 * are created using the {@link angular.scope.$new $new()} method.
 * (Most scopes are created automatically when compiled HTML template is executed.)
 *
 * Here is a simple scope snippet to show how you can interact with the scope.
 * <pre>
       var scope = angular.scope();
       scope.salutation = 'Hello';
       scope.name = 'World';

       expect(scope.greeting).toEqual(undefined);

       scope.$watch('name', function() {
         this.greeting = this.salutation + ' ' + this.name + '!';
       }); // initialize the watch

       expect(scope.greeting).toEqual(undefined);
       scope.name = 'Misko';
       // still old value, since watches have not been called yet
       expect(scope.greeting).toEqual(undefined);

       scope.$digest(); // fire all  the watches
       expect(scope.greeting).toEqual('Hello Misko!');
 * </pre>
 *
 * # Inheritance
 * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
 * <pre>
     var parent = angular.scope();
     var child = parent.$new();

     parent.salutation = "Hello";
     child.name = "World";
     expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');

     child.salutation = "Welcome";
     expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
     expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
 * </pre>
 *
 * # Dependency Injection
 * See {@link guide/dev_guide.di dependency injection}.
 *
 *
 * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be provided
 *     for the current scope. Defaults to {@link angular.service}.
 * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
 *     append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy when unit-testing and having
 *     the need to override a default service.
 * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
 *
 */
function Scope() {
  this.$id = nextUid();
  this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
                 this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
                 this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
  this.$destructor = noop;
  this['this'] = this.$root =  this;
  this.$$asyncQueue = [];
  this.$$listeners = {};
}

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name angular.scope.$id
 * @returns {number} Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing alphanumeric sequence) useful for
 *   debugging.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name angular.scope.$service
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Provides reference to an instance of {@link angular.injector injector} which can be used to
 * retrieve {@link angular.service services}. In general the use of this api is discouraged,
 * in favor of proper {@link guide/dev_guide.di dependency injection}.
 *
 * @returns {function} {@link angular.injector injector}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name angular.scope.$root
 * @returns {Scope} The root scope of the current scope hierarchy.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name angular.scope.$parent
 * @returns {Scope} The parent scope of the current scope.
 */


Scope.prototype = {
  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$new
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a new child {@link angular.scope scope}. The new scope can optionally behave as a
   * controller. The parent scope will propagate the {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} and
   * {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} events. The scope can be removed from the scope
   * hierarchy using {@link angular.scope.$destroy $destroy()}.
   *
   * {@link angular.scope.$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is desired for
   * the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and thus stop
   * participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
   *
   * @param {function()=} Class Constructor function which the scope should be applied to the scope.
   * @param {...*} curryArguments Any additional arguments which are curried into the constructor.
   *        See {@link guide/dev_guide.di dependency injection}.
   * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
   *
   */
  $new: function(Class, curryArguments) {
    var Child = function() {}; // should be anonymous; This is so that when the minifier munges
      // the name it does not become random set of chars. These will then show up as class
      // name in the debugger.
    var child;
    Child.prototype = this;
    child = new Child();
    child['this'] = child;
    child.$$listeners = {};
    child.$parent = this;
    child.$id = nextUid();
    child.$$asyncQueue = [];
    child.$$phase = child.$$watchers =
      child.$$nextSibling = child.$$childHead = child.$$childTail = null;
    child.$$prevSibling = this.$$childTail;
    if (this.$$childHead) {
      this.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
      this.$$childTail = child;
    } else {
      this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = child;
    }
    // short circuit if we have no class
    if (Class) {
      // can't use forEach, we need speed!
      var ClassPrototype = Class.prototype;
      for(var key in ClassPrototype) {
        child[key] = bind(child, ClassPrototype[key]);
      }
      this.$service.invoke(child, Class, curryArguments);
    }
    return child;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$watch
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
   *
   * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} and
   *   should return the value which will be watched. (Since {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()}
   *   reruns when it detects changes the `watchExpression` can execute multiple times per
   *   {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} and should be idempotent.)
   * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
   *   previous call to `watchExpression' are not equal. The inequality is determined according to
   *   {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for later comparison
   *   {@link angular.copy} function is used. It also means that watching complex options will
   *   have adverse memory and performance implications.
   * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire. This
   *   is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun iteration
   *   limit is 100 to prevent infinity loop deadlock.
   *
   *
   * If you want to be notified whenever {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest} is called,
   * you can register an `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Since `watchExpression`,
   * can execute multiple times per {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest} cycle when a change is
   * detected, be prepared for multiple calls to your listener.)
   *
   *
   * # Example
     <pre>
       var scope = angular.scope();
       scope.name = 'misko';
       scope.counter = 0;

       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
       scope.$watch('name', function(scope, newValue, oldValue) { counter = counter + 1; });
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

       scope.$digest();
       // no variable change
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

       scope.name = 'adam';
       scope.$digest();
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
     </pre>
   *
   *
   *
   * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
   *    {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers a
   *    call to the `listener`.
   *
   *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression}
   *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
   * @param {(function()|string)=} listener Callback called whenever the return value of
   *   the `watchExpression` changes.
   *
   *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression}
   *    - `function(scope, newValue, oldValue)`: called with current `scope` an previous and
   *       current values as parameters.
   * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
   */
  $watch: function(watchExp, listener) {
    var scope = this,
        get = compileToFn(watchExp, 'watch'),
        listenFn = compileToFn(listener || noop, 'listener'),
        array = scope.$$watchers,
        watcher = {
          fn: listenFn,
          last: Number.NaN, // NaN !== NaN. We used this to force $watch to fire on first run.
          get: get,
          exp: watchExp
        };

    if (!array) {
      array = scope.$$watchers = [];
    }
    // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
    // the while loop reads in reverse order.
    array.unshift(watcher);

    return function() {
      angularArray.remove(array, watcher);
    };
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$digest
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Process all of the {@link angular.scope.$watch watchers} of the current scope and its children.
   * Because a {@link angular.scope.$watch watcher}'s listener can change the model, the
   * `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link angular.scope.$watch watchers} until no more listeners are
   * firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite loop. This function will throw
   * `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of iterations exceeds 100.
   *
   * Usually you don't call `$digest()` directly in
   * {@link angular.directive.ng:controller controllers} or in {@link angular.directive directives}.
   * Instead a call to {@link angular.scope.$apply $apply()} (typically from within a
   * {@link angular.directive directive}) will force a `$digest()`.
   *
   * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
   * you can register a `watchExpression` function  with {@link angular.scope.$watch $watch()}
   * with no `listener`.
   *
   * You may have a need to call `$digest()` from within unit-tests, to simulate the scope
   * life-cycle.
   *
   * # Example
     <pre>
       var scope = angular.scope();
       scope.name = 'misko';
       scope.counter = 0;

       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
       scope.$digest('name', function(scope, newValue, oldValue) { counter = counter + 1; });
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

       scope.$digest();
       // no variable change
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

       scope.name = 'adam';
       scope.$digest();
       expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
     </pre>
   *
   */
  $digest: function() {
    var watch, value, last,
        watchers,
        asyncQueue,
        length,
        dirty, ttl = 100,
        next, current, target = this,
        watchLog = [];

    if (target.$$phase) {
      throw Error(target.$$phase + ' already in progress');
    }
    do {

      dirty = false;
      current = target;
      do {
        current.$$phase = '$digest';
        asyncQueue = current.$$asyncQueue;
        while(asyncQueue.length) {
          try {
            current.$eval(asyncQueue.shift());
          } catch (e) {
            current.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
          }
        }
        if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
          // process our watches
          length = watchers.length;
          while (length--) {
            try {
              watch = watchers[length];
              // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
              // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
              if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) && !equals(value, last)) {
                dirty = true;
                watch.last = copy(value);
                watch.fn(current, value, last);
                if (ttl < 5) {
                  if (!watchLog[4-ttl]) watchLog[4-ttl] = [];
                  if (isFunction(watch.exp)) {
                    watchLog[4-ttl].push('fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()));
                  } else {
                    watchLog[4-ttl].push(watch.exp);
                  }
                }
              }
            } catch (e) {
              current.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
            }
          }
        }

        current.$$phase = null;

        // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
        // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
        // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
        if (!(next = (current.$$childHead || (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
          while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
            current = current.$parent;
          }
        }
      } while ((current = next));

      if(!(ttl--)) {
        throw Error('100 $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
            'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: ' + toJson(watchLog));
      }
    } while (dirty);
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$destroy
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Remove the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
   * that calls to {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} will no longer propagate to the current
   * scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current scope is eligible for garbage
   * collection.
   *
   * The destructing scope emits an `$destroy` {@link angular.scope.$emit event}.
   *
   * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
   * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat} for managing the unrolling of the loop.
   *
   */
  $destroy: function() {
    if (this.$root == this) return; // we can't remove the root node;
    this.$emit('$destroy');
    var parent = this.$parent;

    if (parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
    if (parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
    if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
    if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$eval
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Executes the `expression` on the current scope returning the result. Any exceptions in the
   * expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating engular expressions.
   *
   * # Example
     <pre>
       var scope = angular.scope();
       scope.a = 1;
       scope.b = 2;

       expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
       expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
     </pre>
   *
   * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
   *
   *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression}.
   *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
   *
   * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
   */
  $eval: function(expr) {
    var fn = isString(expr)
      ? expressionCompile(expr)
      : expr || noop;
    return fn(this);
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$evalAsync
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
   *
   * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only that:
   *
   *   - it will execute in the current script execution context (before any DOM rendering).
   *   - at least one {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
   *     `expression` execution.
   *
   * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
   * {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
   *
   * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
   *
   *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression}.
   *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
   *
   */
  $evalAsync: function(expr) {
    this.$$asyncQueue.push(expr);
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$apply
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular framework.
   * (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
   * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life-cycle
   * of {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
   * {@link angular.scope.$digest executing watches}.
   *
   * ## Life cycle
   *
   * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
      function $apply(expr) {
        try {
          return $eval(expr);
        } catch (e) {
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        } finally {
          $root.$digest();
        }
      }
   *
   *
   * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
   *
   * 1. The {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression} is executed using the
   *    {@link angular.scope.$eval $eval()} method.
   * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
   *    {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
   * 3. The {@link angular.scope.$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the expression
   *    was executed using the {@link angular.scope.$digest $digest()} method.
   *
   *
   * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
   *
   *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression}.
   *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
   *
   * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
   */
  $apply: function(expr) {
    try {
      return this.$eval(expr);
    } catch (e) {
      this.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
    } finally {
      this.$root.$digest();
    }
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$on
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Listen on events of a given type. See {@link angular.scope.$emit $emit} for discussion of
   * event life cycle.
   *
   * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
   * @param {function(event)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
   * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
   *
   * The event listener function format is: `function(event)`. The `event` object passed into the
   * listener has the following attributes
   *   - `targetScope` - {Scope}: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or `$broadcast`-ed.
   *   - `currentScope` - {Scope}: the current scope which is handling the event.
   *   - `name` - {string}: Name of the event.
   *   - `cancel` - {function=}: calling `cancel` function will cancel further event propagation
   *     (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
   */
  $on: function(name, listener) {
    var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
    if (!namedListeners) {
      this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
    }
    namedListeners.push(listener);

    return function() {
      angularArray.remove(namedListeners, listener);
    };
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$emit
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
   * registered {@link angular.scope.$on} listeners.
   *
   * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
   * {@link angular.scope.$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get notified.
   * Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all registered
   * listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners cancels it.
   *
   * Any exception emmited from the {@link angular.scope.$on listeners} will be passed
   * onto the {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
   *
   * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
   * @param {...*} args Optional set of arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
   */
  $emit: function(name, args) {
    var empty = [],
        namedListeners,
        canceled = false,
        scope = this,
        event = {
          name: name,
          targetScope: scope,
          cancel: function() {canceled = true;}
        },
        listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
        i, length;

    do {
      namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
      event.currentScope = scope;
      for (i=0, length=namedListeners.length; i<length; i++) {
        try {
          namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
          if (canceled) return;
        } catch (e) {
          scope.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
        }
      }
      //traverse upwards
      scope = scope.$parent;
    } while (scope);
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.scope.$broadcast
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
   * registered {@link angular.scope.$on} listeners.
   *
   * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
   * {@link angular.scope.$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get notified.
   * Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current scope and
   * calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
   *
   * Any exception emmited from the {@link angular.scope.$on listeners} will be passed
   * onto the {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
   *
   * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
   * @param {...*} args Optional set of arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
   */
  $broadcast: function(name, args) {
    var target = this,
        current = target,
        next = target,
        event = { name: name,
                  targetScope: target },
        listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1);

    //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
    do {
      current = next;
      event.currentScope = current;
      forEach(current.$$listeners[name], function(listener) {
        try {
          listener.apply(null, listenerArgs);
        } catch(e) {
          current.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
        }
      });

      // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
      // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
      // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
      if (!(next = (current.$$childHead || (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
        while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
          current = current.$parent;
        }
      }
    } while ((current = next));
  }
};


function compileToFn(exp, name) {
  var fn = isString(exp)
    ? expressionCompile(exp)
    : exp;
  assertArgFn(fn, name);
  return fn;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.injector
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates an injector function that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
 * dependency injection (see {@link guide/dev_guide.di dependency injection}).
 *
 * Angular creates an injector automatically for the root scope and it is available as the
 * {@link angular.scope.$service $service} property. Creating an injector doesn't automatically
 * create all of the `$eager` {@link angular.service services}. You have to call `injector.eager()`
 * to initialize them.
 *
 * @param {Object=} [factoryScope={}] The `this` for the service factory function.
 * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} [factories=angular.service] Map of the service factory
 *     functions.
 * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} [instanceCache={}] Place where instances of services are
 *     saved for reuse. Can also be used to override services specified by `serviceFactory`
 *     (useful in tests).
 * @returns {function()} Injector function:
 *
 *   * `injector(serviceName)`:
 *     * `serviceName` - `{string=}` - Name of the service to retrieve.
 *
 * The injector function also has these properties:
 *
 *   * An `invoke` property which can be used to invoke methods with dependency-injected arguments.
 *    `injector.invoke(self, fn, curryArgs)`
 *     * `self` -  The "`this`" to be used when invoking the function.
 *     * `fn` - The function to be invoked. The function may have the `$inject` property that
 *        lists the set of arguments which should be auto-injected.
 *        (see {@link guide/dev_guide.di dependency injection}).
 *     * `curryArgs(array)` - Optional array of arguments to pass to the function
 *        invocation after the injection arguments (also known as curry arguments or currying).
 *   * An `eager` property which is used to initialize the eager services.
 *     `injector.eager()`
 */
function createInjector(factoryScope, factories, instanceCache) {
  factories = factories || angularService;
  instanceCache = instanceCache || {};
  factoryScope = factoryScope || {};
  injector.invoke = invoke;

  injector.eager = function() {
    forEach(factories, function(factory, name){
      if (factory.$eager)
        injector(name);

      if (factory.$creation)
        throw new Error("Failed to register service '" + name +
        "': $creation property is unsupported. Use $eager:true or see release notes.");
    });
  };
  return injector;

  function injector(value){
    if (!(value in instanceCache)) {
      var factory = factories[value];
      if (!factory) throw Error("Unknown provider for '"+value+"'.");
      inferInjectionArgs(factory);
      instanceCache[value] = invoke(factoryScope, factory);
    }
    return instanceCache[value];
  }

  function invoke(self, fn, args){
    args = args || [];
    var injectNames = fn.$inject || [];
    var i = injectNames.length;
    while(i--) {
      args.unshift(injector(injectNames[i]));
    }
    return fn.apply(self, args);
  }
}

/**
 * THIS IS NOT PUBLIC DOC YET!
 *
 * @name angular.annotate
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Annotate the function with injection arguments. This is equivalent to setting the `$inject`
 * property as described in {@link guide.di dependency injection}.
 *
 * <pre>
 * var MyController = angular.annotate('$location', function($location){ ... });
 * </pre>
 *
 * is the same as
 *
 * <pre>
 * var MyController = function($location){ ... };
 * MyController.$inject = ['$location'];
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param {String|Array} serviceName... zero or more service names to inject into the
 *     `annotatedFunction`.
 * @param {function} annotatedFunction function to annotate with `$inject`
 *     functions.
 * @returns {function} `annotatedFunction`
 */
function annotate(services, fn) {
  if (services instanceof Array) {
    fn.$inject = services;
    return fn;
  } else {
    var i = 0,
        length = arguments.length - 1, // last one is the destination function
        $inject = arguments[length].$inject = [];
    for (; i < length; i++) {
      $inject.push(arguments[i]);
    }
    return arguments[length]; // return the last one
  }
}

function angularServiceInject(name, fn, inject, eager) {
  angularService(name, fn, {$inject:inject, $eager:eager});
}


/**
 * @returns the $inject property of function. If not found the
 * the $inject is computed by looking at the toString of function and
 * extracting all arguments which and assuming that they are the
 * injection names.
 */
var FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(([^\)]*)\)/m;
var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
var FN_ARG = /^\s*(.+?)\s*$/;
var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
function inferInjectionArgs(fn) {
  assertArgFn(fn);
  if (!fn.$inject) {
    var args = fn.$inject = [];
    var fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
    var argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
    forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg){
      arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, name){
        args.push(name);
      });
    });
  }
  return fn.$inject;
}

var OPERATORS = {
    'null':function(self){return null;},
    'true':function(self){return true;},
    'false':function(self){return false;},
    $undefined:noop,
    '+':function(self, a,b){a=a(self); b=b(self); return (isDefined(a)?a:0)+(isDefined(b)?b:0);},
    '-':function(self, a,b){a=a(self); b=b(self); return (isDefined(a)?a:0)-(isDefined(b)?b:0);},
    '*':function(self, a,b){return a(self)*b(self);},
    '/':function(self, a,b){return a(self)/b(self);},
    '%':function(self, a,b){return a(self)%b(self);},
    '^':function(self, a,b){return a(self)^b(self);},
    '=':noop,
    '==':function(self, a,b){return a(self)==b(self);},
    '!=':function(self, a,b){return a(self)!=b(self);},
    '<':function(self, a,b){return a(self)<b(self);},
    '>':function(self, a,b){return a(self)>b(self);},
    '<=':function(self, a,b){return a(self)<=b(self);},
    '>=':function(self, a,b){return a(self)>=b(self);},
    '&&':function(self, a,b){return a(self)&&b(self);},
    '||':function(self, a,b){return a(self)||b(self);},
    '&':function(self, a,b){return a(self)&b(self);},
//    '|':function(self, a,b){return a|b;},
    '|':function(self, a,b){return b(self)(self, a(self));},
    '!':function(self, a){return !a(self);}
};
var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};

function lex(text, parseStringsForObjects){
  var dateParseLength = parseStringsForObjects ? DATE_ISOSTRING_LN : -1,
      tokens = [],
      token,
      index = 0,
      json = [],
      ch,
      lastCh = ':'; // can start regexp

  while (index < text.length) {
    ch = text.charAt(index);
    if (is('"\'')) {
      readString(ch);
    } else if (isNumber(ch) || is('.') && isNumber(peek())) {
      readNumber();
    } else if (isIdent(ch)) {
      readIdent();
      // identifiers can only be if the preceding char was a { or ,
      if (was('{,') && json[0]=='{' &&
         (token=tokens[tokens.length-1])) {
        token.json = token.text.indexOf('.') == -1;
      }
    } else if (is('(){}[].,;:')) {
      tokens.push({
        index:index,
        text:ch,
        json:(was(':[,') && is('{[')) || is('}]:,')
      });
      if (is('{[')) json.unshift(ch);
      if (is('}]')) json.shift();
      index++;
    } else if (isWhitespace(ch)) {
      index++;
      continue;
    } else {
      var ch2 = ch + peek(),
          fn = OPERATORS[ch],
          fn2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
      if (fn2) {
        tokens.push({index:index, text:ch2, fn:fn2});
        index += 2;
      } else if (fn) {
        tokens.push({index:index, text:ch, fn:fn, json: was('[,:') && is('+-')});
        index += 1;
      } else {
        throwError("Unexpected next character ", index, index+1);
      }
    }
    lastCh = ch;
  }
  return tokens;

  function is(chars) {
    return chars.indexOf(ch) != -1;
  }

  function was(chars) {
    return chars.indexOf(lastCh) != -1;
  }

  function peek() {
    return index + 1 < text.length ? text.charAt(index + 1) : false;
  }
  function isNumber(ch) {
    return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9';
  }
  function isWhitespace(ch) {
    return ch == ' ' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' ||
           ch == '\n' || ch == '\v' || ch == '\u00A0'; // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
  }
  function isIdent(ch) {
    return 'a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
           'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
           '_' == ch || ch == '$';
  }
  function isExpOperator(ch) {
    return ch == '-' || ch == '+' || isNumber(ch);
  }

  function throwError(error, start, end) {
    end = end || index;
    throw Error("Lexer Error: " + error + " at column" +
        (isDefined(start)
            ? "s " + start +  "-" + index + " [" + text.substring(start, end) + "]"
            : " " + end) +
        " in expression [" + text + "].");
  }

  function readNumber() {
    var number = "";
    var start = index;
    while (index < text.length) {
      var ch = lowercase(text.charAt(index));
      if (ch == '.' || isNumber(ch)) {
        number += ch;
      } else {
        var peekCh = peek();
        if (ch == 'e' && isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
          number += ch;
        } else if (isExpOperator(ch) &&
            peekCh && isNumber(peekCh) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          number += ch;
        } else if (isExpOperator(ch) &&
            (!peekCh || !isNumber(peekCh)) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          throwError('Invalid exponent');
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      index++;
    }
    number = 1 * number;
    tokens.push({index:start, text:number, json:true,
      fn:function() {return number;}});
  }
  function readIdent() {
    var ident = "";
    var start = index;
    var fn;
    while (index < text.length) {
      var ch = text.charAt(index);
      if (ch == '.' || isIdent(ch) || isNumber(ch)) {
        ident += ch;
      } else {
        break;
      }
      index++;
    }
    fn = OPERATORS[ident];
    tokens.push({
      index:start,
      text:ident,
      json: fn,
      fn:fn||extend(getterFn(ident), {
        assign:function(self, value){
          return setter(self, ident, value);
        }
      })
    });
  }

  function readString(quote) {
    var start = index;
    index++;
    var string = "";
    var rawString = quote;
    var escape = false;
    while (index < text.length) {
      var ch = text.charAt(index);
      rawString += ch;
      if (escape) {
        if (ch == 'u') {
          var hex = text.substring(index + 1, index + 5);
          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i))
            throwError( "Invalid unicode escape [\\u" + hex + "]");
          index += 4;
          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
        } else {
          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
          if (rep) {
            string += rep;
          } else {
            string += ch;
          }
        }
        escape = false;
      } else if (ch == '\\') {
        escape = true;
      } else if (ch == quote) {
        index++;
        tokens.push({index:start, text:rawString, string:string, json:true,
          fn:function() {
            return (string.length == dateParseLength)
              ? angular['String']['toDate'](string)
              : string;
          }});
        return;
      } else {
        string += ch;
      }
      index++;
    }
    throwError("Unterminated quote", start);
  }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////

function parser(text, json){
  var ZERO = valueFn(0),
      tokens = lex(text, json),
      assignment = _assignment,
      assignable = logicalOR,
      functionCall = _functionCall,
      fieldAccess = _fieldAccess,
      objectIndex = _objectIndex,
      filterChain = _filterChain,
      functionIdent = _functionIdent,
      pipeFunction = _pipeFunction;
  if(json){
    // The extra level of aliasing is here, just in case the lexer misses something, so that
    // we prevent any accidental execution in JSON.
    assignment = logicalOR;
    functionCall =
      fieldAccess =
      objectIndex =
      assignable =
      filterChain =
      functionIdent =
      pipeFunction =
        function() { throwError("is not valid json", {text:text, index:0}); };
  }
  //TODO: Shouldn't all of the public methods have assertAllConsumed?
  //TODO: I think these should be public as part of the parser api instead of scope.$eval().
  return {
      assignable: assertConsumed(assignable),
      primary: assertConsumed(primary),
      statements: assertConsumed(statements),
      filter: assertConsumed(filter)
  };

  function assertConsumed(fn) {
    return function() {
      var value = fn();
      if (tokens.length !== 0) {
        throwError("is an unexpected token", tokens[0]);
      }
      return value;
    };
  }

  ///////////////////////////////////
  function throwError(msg, token) {
    throw Error("Syntax Error: Token '" + token.text +
      "' " + msg + " at column " +
      (token.index + 1) + " of the expression [" +
      text + "] starting at [" + text.substring(token.index) + "].");
  }

  function peekToken() {
    if (tokens.length === 0)
      throw Error("Unexpected end of expression: " + text);
    return tokens[0];
  }

  function peek(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
    if (tokens.length > 0) {
      var token = tokens[0];
      var t = token.text;
      if (t==e1 || t==e2 || t==e3 || t==e4 ||
          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
        return token;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  function expect(e1, e2, e3, e4){
    var token = peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
    if (token) {
      if (json && !token.json) {
        throwError("is not valid json", token);
      }
      tokens.shift();
      return token;
    }
    return false;
  }

  function consume(e1){
    if (!expect(e1)) {
      throwError("is unexpected, expecting [" + e1 + "]", peek());
    }
  }

  function unaryFn(fn, right) {
    return function(self) {
      return fn(self, right);
    };
  }

  function binaryFn(left, fn, right) {
    return function(self) {
      return fn(self, left, right);
    };
  }

  function hasTokens () {
    return tokens.length > 0;
  }

  function statements() {
    var statements = [];
    while(true) {
      if (tokens.length > 0 && !peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
        statements.push(filterChain());
      if (!expect(';')) {
        // optimize for the common case where there is only one statement.
        // TODO(size): maybe we should not support multiple statements?
        return statements.length == 1
          ? statements[0]
          : function(self){
            var value;
            for ( var i = 0; i < statements.length; i++) {
              var statement = statements[i];
              if (statement)
                value = statement(self);
            }
            return value;
          };
      }
    }
  }

  function _filterChain() {
    var left = expression();
    var token;
    while(true) {
      if ((token = expect('|'))) {
        left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, filter());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  }

  function filter() {
    return pipeFunction(angularFilter);
  }

  function _pipeFunction(fnScope){
    var fn = functionIdent(fnScope);
    var argsFn = [];
    var token;
    while(true) {
      if ((token = expect(':'))) {
        argsFn.push(expression());
      } else {
        var fnInvoke = function(self, input){
          var args = [input];
          for ( var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
            args.push(argsFn[i](self));
          }
          return fn.apply(self, args);
        };
        return function() {
          return fnInvoke;
        };
      }
    }
  }

  function expression() {
    return assignment();
  }

  function _assignment() {
    var left = logicalOR();
    var right;
    var token;
    if ((token = expect('='))) {
      if (!left.assign) {
        throwError("implies assignment but [" +
          text.substring(0, token.index) + "] can not be assigned to", token);
      }
      right = logicalOR();
      return function(self){
        return left.assign(self, right(self));
      };
    } else {
      return left;
    }
  }

  function logicalOR() {
    var left = logicalAND();
    var token;
    while(true) {
      if ((token = expect('||'))) {
        left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, logicalAND());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  }

  function logicalAND() {
    var left = equality();
    var token;
    if ((token = expect('&&'))) {
      left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, logicalAND());
    }
    return left;
  }

  function equality() {
    var left = relational();
    var token;
    if ((token = expect('==','!='))) {
      left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, equality());
    }
    return left;
  }

  function relational() {
    var left = additive();
    var token;
    if ((token = expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
      left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, relational());
    }
    return left;
  }

  function additive() {
    var left = multiplicative();
    var token;
    while ((token = expect('+','-'))) {
      left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, multiplicative());
    }
    return left;
  }

  function multiplicative() {
    var left = unary();
    var token;
    while ((token = expect('*','/','%'))) {
      left = binaryFn(left, token.fn, unary());
    }
    return left;
  }

  function unary() {
    var token;
    if (expect('+')) {
      return primary();
    } else if ((token = expect('-'))) {
      return binaryFn(ZERO, token.fn, unary());
    } else if ((token = expect('!'))) {
      return unaryFn(token.fn, unary());
    } else {
      return primary();
    }
  }

  function _functionIdent(fnScope) {
    var token = expect();
    var element = token.text.split('.');
    var instance = fnScope;
    var key;
    for ( var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
      key = element[i];
      if (instance)
        instance = instance[key];
    }
    if (!isFunction(instance)) {
      throwError("should be a function", token);
    }
    return instance;
  }

  function primary() {
    var primary;
    if (expect('(')) {
      var expression = filterChain();
      consume(')');
      primary = expression;
    } else if (expect('[')) {
      primary = arrayDeclaration();
    } else if (expect('{')) {
      primary = object();
    } else {
      var token = expect();
      primary = token.fn;
      if (!primary) {
        throwError("not a primary expression", token);
      }
    }
    var next;
    while ((next = expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
      if (next.text === '(') {
        primary = functionCall(primary);
      } else if (next.text === '[') {
        primary = objectIndex(primary);
      } else if (next.text === '.') {
        primary = fieldAccess(primary);
      } else {
        throwError("IMPOSSIBLE");
      }
    }
    return primary;
  }

  function _fieldAccess(object) {
    var field = expect().text;
    var getter = getterFn(field);
    return extend(function(self){
      return getter(object(self));
    }, {
      assign:function(self, value){
        return setter(object(self), field, value);
      }
    });
  }

  function _objectIndex(obj) {
    var indexFn = expression();
    consume(']');
    return extend(
      function(self){
        var o = obj(self);
        var i = indexFn(self);
        return (o) ? o[i] : undefined;
      }, {
        assign:function(self, value){
          return obj(self)[indexFn(self)] = value;
        }
      });
  }

  function _functionCall(fn) {
    var argsFn = [];
    if (peekToken().text != ')') {
      do {
        argsFn.push(expression());
      } while (expect(','));
    }
    consume(')');
    return function(self){
      var args = [];
      for ( var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
        args.push(argsFn[i](self));
      }
      var fnPtr = fn(self) || noop;
      // IE stupidity!
      return fnPtr.apply
          ? fnPtr.apply(self, args)
          : fnPtr(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
    };
  }

  // This is used with json array declaration
  function arrayDeclaration () {
    var elementFns = [];
    if (peekToken().text != ']') {
      do {
        elementFns.push(expression());
      } while (expect(','));
    }
    consume(']');
    return function(self){
      var array = [];
      for ( var i = 0; i < elementFns.length; i++) {
        array.push(elementFns[i](self));
      }
      return array;
    };
  }

  function object () {
    var keyValues = [];
    if (peekToken().text != '}') {
      do {
        var token = expect(),
        key = token.string || token.text;
        consume(":");
        var value = expression();
        keyValues.push({key:key, value:value});
      } while (expect(','));
    }
    consume('}');
    return function(self){
      var object = {};
      for ( var i = 0; i < keyValues.length; i++) {
        var keyValue = keyValues[i];
        var value = keyValue.value(self);
        object[keyValue.key] = value;
      }
      return object;
    };
  }

  function watchDecl () {
    var anchorName = expect().text;
    consume(":");
    var expressionFn;
    if (peekToken().text == '{') {
      consume("{");
      expressionFn = statements();
      consume("}");
    } else {
      expressionFn = expression();
    }
    return function(self) {
      return {name:anchorName, fn:expressionFn};
    };
  }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Parser helper functions
//////////////////////////////////////////////////

function setter(obj, path, setValue) {
  var element = path.split('.');
  for (var i = 0; element.length > 1; i++) {
    var key = element.shift();
    var propertyObj = obj[key];
    if (!propertyObj) {
      propertyObj = {};
      obj[key] = propertyObj;
    }
    obj = propertyObj;
  }
  obj[element.shift()] = setValue;
  return setValue;
}

/**
 * Return the value accesible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
 * @param {Object} obj starting object
 * @param {string} path path to traverse
 * @param {boolean=true} bindFnToScope
 * @returns value as accesbile by path
 */
function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
  if (!path) return obj;
  var keys = path.split('.');
  var key;
  var lastInstance = obj;
  var len = keys.length;

  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    key = keys[i];
    if (obj) {
      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
    }
    if (isUndefined(obj)  && key.charAt(0) == '$') {
      var type = angularGlobal.typeOf(lastInstance);
      type = angular[type.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+type.substring(1)];
      var fn = type ? type[[key.substring(1)]] : _undefined;
      if (fn) {
        return obj = bind(lastInstance, fn, lastInstance);
      }
    }
  }
  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
  }
  return obj;
}

var getterFnCache = {},
    compileCache = {},
    JS_KEYWORDS = {};

forEach(
    ("abstract,boolean,break,byte,case,catch,char,class,const,continue,debugger,default," +
    "delete,do,double,else,enum,export,extends,false,final,finally,float,for,function,goto," +
    "if,implements,import,ininstanceof,intinterface,long,native,new,null,package,private," +
    "protected,public,return,short,static,super,switch,synchronized,this,throw,throws," +
    "transient,true,try,typeof,var,volatile,void,undefined,while,with").split(/,/),
  function(key){ JS_KEYWORDS[key] = true;}
);

function getterFn(path) {
  var fn = getterFnCache[path];
  if (fn) return fn;

  var code = 'var l, fn, t;\n';
  forEach(path.split('.'), function(key) {
    key = (JS_KEYWORDS[key]) ? '["' + key + '"]' : '.' + key;
    code += 'if(!s) return s;\n' +
            'l=s;\n' +
            's=s' + key + ';\n' +
            'if(typeof s=="function" && !(s instanceof RegExp)) {\n' +
              ' fn=function(){ return l' + key + '.apply(l, arguments); };\n' +
              ' fn.$unboundFn=s;\n' +
              ' s=fn;\n' +
            '}\n';
    if (key.charAt(1) == '$') {
      // special code for super-imposed functions
      var name = key.substr(2);
      code += 'if(!s) {\n' +
              ' t = angular.Global.typeOf(l);\n' +
              ' fn = (angular[t.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + t.substring(1)]||{})["' + name + '"];\n' +
              ' if (fn) ' +
                 's = function(){ return fn.apply(l, [l].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0))); };\n' +
              '}\n';
    }
  });
  code += 'return s;';
  fn = Function('s', code);
  fn["toString"] = function() { return code; };

  return getterFnCache[path] = fn;
}

///////////////////////////////////

// TODO(misko): Should this function be public?
function compileExpr(expr) {
  return parser(expr).statements();
}

// TODO(misko): Deprecate? Remove!
// I think that compilation should be a service.
function expressionCompile(exp) {
  if (isFunction(exp)) return exp;
  var fn = compileCache[exp];
  if (!fn) {
    fn = compileCache[exp] =  parser(exp).statements();
  }
  return fn;
}

function Route(template, defaults) {
  this.template = template = template + '#';
  this.defaults = defaults || {};
  var urlParams = this.urlParams = {};
  forEach(template.split(/\W/), function(param){
    if (param && template.match(new RegExp(":" + param + "\\W"))) {
      urlParams[param] = true;
    }
  });
}

Route.prototype = {
  url: function(params) {
    var self = this,
        url = this.template,
        encodedVal;

    params = params || {};
    forEach(this.urlParams, function(_, urlParam){
      encodedVal = encodeUriSegment(params[urlParam] || self.defaults[urlParam] || "");
      url = url.replace(new RegExp(":" + urlParam + "(\\W)"), encodedVal + "$1");
    });
    url = url.replace(/\/?#$/, '');
    var query = [];
    forEachSorted(params, function(value, key){
      if (!self.urlParams[key]) {
        query.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' + encodeUriQuery(value));
      }
    });
    url = url.replace(/\/*$/, '');
    return url + (query.length ? '?' + query.join('&') : '');
  }
};

function ResourceFactory(xhr) {
  this.xhr = xhr;
}

ResourceFactory.DEFAULT_ACTIONS = {
  'get':    {method:'GET'},
  'save':   {method:'POST'},
  'query':  {method:'GET', isArray:true},
  'remove': {method:'DELETE'},
  'delete': {method:'DELETE'}
};

ResourceFactory.prototype = {
  route: function(url, paramDefaults, actions){
    var self = this;
    var route = new Route(url);
    actions = extend({}, ResourceFactory.DEFAULT_ACTIONS, actions);
    function extractParams(data){
      var ids = {};
      forEach(paramDefaults || {}, function(value, key){
        ids[key] = value.charAt && value.charAt(0) == '@' ? getter(data, value.substr(1)) : value;
      });
      return ids;
    }

    function Resource(value){
      copy(value || {}, this);
    }

    forEach(actions, function(action, name){
      var isPostOrPut = action.method == 'POST' || action.method == 'PUT';
      Resource[name] = function(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
        var params = {};
        var data;
        var success = noop;
        var error = null;
        switch(arguments.length) {
        case 4:
          error = a4;
          success = a3;
          //fallthrough
        case 3:
        case 2:
          if (isFunction(a2)) {
            if (isFunction(a1)) {
              success = a1;
              error = a2;
              break;
            }

            success = a2;
            error = a3;
            //fallthrough
          } else {
            params = a1;
            data = a2;
            success = a3;
            break;
          }
        case 1:
          if (isFunction(a1)) success = a1;
          else if (isPostOrPut) data = a1;
          else params = a1;
          break;
        case 0: break;
        default:
          throw "Expected between 0-4 arguments [params, data, success, error], got " +
            arguments.length + " arguments.";
        }

        var value = this instanceof Resource ? this : (action.isArray ? [] : new Resource(data));
        self.xhr(
          action.method,
          route.url(extend({}, extractParams(data), action.params || {}, params)),
          data,
          function(status, response) {
            if (response) {
              if (action.isArray) {
                value.length = 0;
                forEach(response, function(item) {
                  value.push(new Resource(item));
                });
              } else {
                copy(response, value);
              }
            }
            (success||noop)(value);
          },
          error || action.verifyCache,
          action.verifyCache);
        return value;
      };

      Resource.bind = function(additionalParamDefaults){
        return self.route(url, extend({}, paramDefaults, additionalParamDefaults), actions);
      };

      Resource.prototype['$' + name] = function(a1, a2, a3) {
        var params = extractParams(this),
            success = noop,
            error;

        switch(arguments.length) {
        case 3: params = a1; success = a2; error = a3; break;
        case 2:
        case 1:
          if (isFunction(a1)) {
            success = a1;
            error = a2;
          } else {
            params = a1;
            success = a2 || noop;
          }
        case 0: break;
        default:
          throw "Expected between 1-3 arguments [params, success, error], got " +
            arguments.length + " arguments.";
        }
        var data = isPostOrPut ? this : undefined;
        Resource[name].call(this, params, data, success, error);
      };
    });
    return Resource;
  }
};

//////////////////////////////
// Browser
//////////////////////////////
var XHR = window.XMLHttpRequest || function() {
  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0"); } catch (e1) {}
  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0"); } catch (e2) {}
  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e3) {}
  throw new Error("This browser does not support XMLHttpRequest.");
};


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$browser
 * @requires $log
 *
 * @description
 * Constructor for the object exposed as $browser service.
 *
 * This object has two goals:
 *
 * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
 * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
 *
 * For tests we provide {@link angular.mock.service.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
 * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
 * the real browser apis.
 */
/**
 * @param {object} window The global window object.
 * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
 * @param {object} body jQuery wrapped document.body.
 * @param {function()} XHR XMLHttpRequest constructor.
 * @param {object} $log console.log or an object with the same interface.
 * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
 */
function Browser(window, document, body, XHR, $log, $sniffer) {
  var self = this,
      rawDocument = document[0],
      location = window.location,
      history = window.history,
      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
      pendingDeferIds = {};

  self.isMock = false;

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // XHR API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var idCounter = 0;
  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];


  /**
   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
   */
  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
    try {
      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
    } finally {
      outstandingRequestCount--;
      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
        while(outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
          try {
            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
          } catch (e) {
            $log.error(e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#xhr
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @param {string} method Requested method (get|post|put|delete|head|json)
   * @param {string} url Requested url
   * @param {?string} post Post data to send (null if nothing to post)
   * @param {function(number, string)} callback Function that will be called on response
   * @param {object=} header additional HTTP headers to send with XHR.
   *   Standard headers are:
   *   <ul>
   *     <li><tt>Content-Type</tt>: <tt>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</tt></li>
   *     <li><tt>Accept</tt>: <tt>application/json, text/plain, &#42;/&#42;</tt></li>
   *     <li><tt>X-Requested-With</tt>: <tt>XMLHttpRequest</tt></li>
   *   </ul>
   *
   * @description
   * Send ajax request
   */
  self.xhr = function(method, url, post, callback, headers) {
    outstandingRequestCount ++;
    if (lowercase(method) == 'json') {
      var callbackId = ("angular_" + Math.random() + '_' + (idCounter++)).replace(/\d\./, '');
      window[callbackId] = function(data) {
        window[callbackId].data = data;
      };

      var script = self.addJs(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', callbackId), function() {
        if (window[callbackId].data) {
          completeOutstandingRequest(callback, 200, window[callbackId].data);
        } else {
          completeOutstandingRequest(callback);
        }
        delete window[callbackId];
        body[0].removeChild(script);
      });
    } else {
      var xhr = new XHR();
      xhr.open(method, url, true);
      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
          if (value) xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
      });
      xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
          // normalize IE bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
          var status = xhr.status == 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
          completeOutstandingRequest(callback, status, xhr.responseText);
        }
      };
      xhr.send(post || '');
    }
  };

  /**
   * @private
   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
   */
  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
    // force browser to execute all pollFns - this is needed so that cookies and other pollers fire
    // at some deterministic time in respect to the test runner's actions. Leaving things up to the
    // regular poller would result in flaky tests.
    forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });

    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
      callback();
    } else {
      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
    }
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Poll Watcher API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var pollFns = [],
      pollTimeout;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#addPollFn
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @param {function()} fn Poll function to add
   *
   * @description
   * Adds a function to the list of functions that poller periodically executes,
   * and starts polling if not started yet.
   *
   * @returns {function()} the added function
   */
  self.addPollFn = function(fn) {
    if (isUndefined(pollTimeout)) startPoller(100, setTimeout);
    pollFns.push(fn);
    return fn;
  };

  /**
   * @param {number} interval How often should browser call poll functions (ms)
   * @param {function()} setTimeout Reference to a real or fake `setTimeout` function.
   *
   * @description
   * Configures the poller to run in the specified intervals, using the specified
   * setTimeout fn and kicks it off.
   */
  function startPoller(interval, setTimeout) {
    (function check() {
      forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });
      pollTimeout = setTimeout(check, interval);
    })();
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // URL API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  var lastBrowserUrl = location.href;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#url
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @description
   * GETTER:
   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
   *
   * SETTER:
   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
   * location.href/location.replace is used.
   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link angular.service.$location $location service} to change url.
   *
   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record ?
   */
  self.url = function(url, replace) {
    // setter
    if (url) {
      lastBrowserUrl = url;
      if ($sniffer.history) {
        if (replace) history.replaceState(null, '', url);
        else history.pushState(null, '', url);
      } else {
        if (replace) location.replace(url);
        else location.href = url;
      }
      return self;
    // getter
    } else {
      return location.href;
    }
  };

  var urlChangeListeners = [],
      urlChangeInit = false;

  function fireUrlChange() {
    if (lastBrowserUrl == self.url()) return;

    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
      listener(self.url());
    });
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#onUrlChange
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   * @TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
   *
   * @description
   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
   *
   * It's only called when the url is changed by outside of angular:
   * - user types different url into address bar
   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
   * - user clicks on a link
   *
   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
   *
   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link angular.service.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
   *
   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
   */
  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
    if (!urlChangeInit) {
      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
      // changed by push/replaceState

      // html5 history api - popstate event
      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).bind('popstate', fireUrlChange);
      // hashchange event
      if ($sniffer.hashchange) jqLite(window).bind('hashchange', fireUrlChange);
      // polling
      else self.addPollFn(fireUrlChange);

      urlChangeInit = true;
    }

    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
    return callback;
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Cookies API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var lastCookies = {};
  var lastCookieString = '';

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#cookies
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @param {string=} name Cookie name
   * @param {string=} value Cokkie value
   *
   * @description
   * The cookies method provides a 'private' low level access to browser cookies.
   * It is not meant to be used directly, use the $cookie service instead.
   *
   * The return values vary depending on the arguments that the method was called with as follows:
   * <ul>
   *   <li>cookies() -> hash of all cookies, this is NOT a copy of the internal state, so do not modify it</li>
   *   <li>cookies(name, value) -> set name to value, if value is undefined delete the cookie</li>
   *   <li>cookies(name) -> the same as (name, undefined) == DELETES (no one calls it right now that way)</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @returns {Object} Hash of all cookies (if called without any parameter)
   */
  self.cookies = function(name, value) {
    var cookieLength, cookieArray, cookie, i, keyValue, index;

    if (name) {
      if (value === undefined) {
        rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + "=;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";
      } else {
        if (isString(value)) {
          rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + '=' + escape(value);

          cookieLength = name.length + value.length + 1;
          if (cookieLength > 4096) {
            $log.warn("Cookie '"+ name +"' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large ("+
              cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
          }
          if (lastCookies.length > 20) {
            $log.warn("Cookie '"+ name +"' possibly not set or overflowed because too many cookies " +
              "were already set (" + lastCookies.length + " > 20 )");
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (rawDocument.cookie !== lastCookieString) {
        lastCookieString = rawDocument.cookie;
        cookieArray = lastCookieString.split("; ");
        lastCookies = {};

        for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
          cookie = cookieArray[i];
          index = cookie.indexOf('=');
          if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
            lastCookies[unescape(cookie.substring(0, index))] = unescape(cookie.substring(index + 1));
          }
        }
      }
      return lastCookies;
    }
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#defer
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be defered.
   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
   *
   * @description
   * Executes a fn asynchroniously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
   *
   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
   *
   */
  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
    var timeoutId;
    outstandingRequestCount++;
    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
    }, delay || 0);
    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
    return timeoutId;
  };


  /**
   * THIS DOC IS NOT VISIBLE because ngdocs can't process docs for foo#method.method
   *
   * @name angular.service.$browser#defer.cancel
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser.defer
   *
   * @description
   * Cancels a defered task identified with `deferId`.
   *
   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfuly canceled.
   */
  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
      clearTimeout(deferId);
      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  };


  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Misc API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#addCss
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @param {string} url Url to css file
   * @description
   * Adds a stylesheet tag to the head.
   */
  self.addCss = function(url) {
    var link = jqLite(rawDocument.createElement('link'));
    link.attr('rel', 'stylesheet');
    link.attr('type', 'text/css');
    link.attr('href', url);
    body.append(link);
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$browser#addJs
   * @methodOf angular.service.$browser
   *
   * @param {string} url Url to js file
   *
   * @description
   * Adds a script tag to the head.
   */
  self.addJs = function(url, done) {
    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy shit with script elements, e.g.:
    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script');

    script.type = 'text/javascript';
    script.src = url;

    if (msie) {
      script.onreadystatechange = function() {
        /loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState) && done && done();
      };
    } else {
      if (done) script.onload = script.onerror = done;
    }

    body[0].appendChild(script);

    return script;
  };

  /**
   * Returns current <base href>
   * (always relative - without domain)
   *
   * @returns {string=}
   */
  self.baseHref = function() {
    var href = document.find('base').attr('href');
    return href ? href.replace(/^https?\:\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : href;
  };
}

/*
 * HTML Parser By Misko Hevery (misko@hevery.com)
 * based on:  HTML Parser By John Resig (ejohn.org)
 * Original code by Erik Arvidsson, Mozilla Public License
 * http://erik.eae.net/simplehtmlparser/simplehtmlparser.js
 *
 * // Use like so:
 * htmlParser(htmlString, {
 *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
 *     end: function(tag) {},
 *     chars: function(text) {},
 *     comment: function(text) {}
 * });
 *
 */

// Regular Expressions for parsing tags and attributes
var START_TAG_REGEXP = /^<\s*([\w:-]+)((?:\s+[\w:-]+(?:\s*=\s*(?:(?:"[^"]*")|(?:'[^']*')|[^>\s]+))?)*)\s*(\/?)\s*>/,
  END_TAG_REGEXP = /^<\s*\/\s*([\w:-]+)[^>]*>/,
  ATTR_REGEXP = /([\w:-]+)(?:\s*=\s*(?:(?:"((?:[^"])*)")|(?:'((?:[^'])*)')|([^>\s]+)))?/g,
  BEGIN_TAG_REGEXP = /^</,
  BEGING_END_TAGE_REGEXP = /^<\s*\//,
  COMMENT_REGEXP = /<!--(.*?)-->/g,
  CDATA_REGEXP = /<!\[CDATA\[(.*?)]]>/g,
  URI_REGEXP = /^((ftp|https?):\/\/|mailto:|#)/,
  NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP = /([^\#-~| |!])/g; // Match everything outside of normal chars and " (quote character)


// Good source of info about elements and attributes
// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#semantics
// http://simon.html5.org/html-elements

// Safe Void Elements - HTML5
// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#void-elements
var voidElements = makeMap("area,br,col,hr,img,wbr");

// Elements that you can, intentionally, leave open (and which close themselves)
// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#optional-tags
var optionalEndTagBlockElements = makeMap("colgroup,dd,dt,li,p,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,tr"),
    optionalEndTagInlineElements = makeMap("rp,rt"),
    optionalEndTagElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagInlineElements, optionalEndTagBlockElements);

// Safe Block Elements - HTML5
var blockElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagBlockElements, makeMap("address,article,aside," +
        "blockquote,caption,center,del,dir,div,dl,figure,figcaption,footer,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6," +
        "header,hgroup,hr,ins,map,menu,nav,ol,pre,script,section,table,ul"));

// Inline Elements - HTML5
var inlineElements = extend({}, optionalEndTagInlineElements, makeMap("a,abbr,acronym,b,bdi,bdo," +
        "big,br,cite,code,del,dfn,em,font,i,img,ins,kbd,label,map,mark,q,ruby,rp,rt,s,samp,small," +
        "span,strike,strong,sub,sup,time,tt,u,var"));


// Special Elements (can contain anything)
var specialElements = makeMap("script,style");

var validElements = extend({}, voidElements, blockElements, inlineElements, optionalEndTagElements);

//Attributes that have href and hence need to be sanitized
var uriAttrs = makeMap("background,cite,href,longdesc,src,usemap");
var validAttrs = extend({}, uriAttrs, makeMap(
    'abbr,align,alt,axis,bgcolor,border,cellpadding,cellspacing,class,clear,'+
    'color,cols,colspan,compact,coords,dir,face,headers,height,hreflang,hspace,'+
    'ismap,lang,language,nohref,nowrap,rel,rev,rows,rowspan,rules,'+
    'scope,scrolling,shape,span,start,summary,target,title,type,'+
    'valign,value,vspace,width'));

/**
 * @example
 * htmlParser(htmlString, {
 *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
 *     end: function(tag) {},
 *     chars: function(text) {},
 *     comment: function(text) {}
 * });
 *
 * @param {string} html string
 * @param {object} handler
 */
function htmlParser( html, handler ) {
  var index, chars, match, stack = [], last = html;
  stack.last = function() { return stack[ stack.length - 1 ]; };

  while ( html ) {
    chars = true;

    // Make sure we're not in a script or style element
    if ( !stack.last() || !specialElements[ stack.last() ] ) {

      // Comment
      if ( html.indexOf("<!--") === 0 ) {
        index = html.indexOf("-->");

        if ( index >= 0 ) {
          if (handler.comment) handler.comment( html.substring( 4, index ) );
          html = html.substring( index + 3 );
          chars = false;
        }

      // end tag
      } else if ( BEGING_END_TAGE_REGEXP.test(html) ) {
        match = html.match( END_TAG_REGEXP );

        if ( match ) {
          html = html.substring( match[0].length );
          match[0].replace( END_TAG_REGEXP, parseEndTag );
          chars = false;
        }

      // start tag
      } else if ( BEGIN_TAG_REGEXP.test(html) ) {
        match = html.match( START_TAG_REGEXP );

        if ( match ) {
          html = html.substring( match[0].length );
          match[0].replace( START_TAG_REGEXP, parseStartTag );
          chars = false;
        }
      }

      if ( chars ) {
        index = html.indexOf("<");

        var text = index < 0 ? html : html.substring( 0, index );
        html = index < 0 ? "" : html.substring( index );

        if (handler.chars) handler.chars( decodeEntities(text) );
      }

    } else {
      html = html.replace(new RegExp("(.*)<\\s*\\/\\s*" + stack.last() + "[^>]*>", 'i'), function(all, text){
        text = text.
          replace(COMMENT_REGEXP, "$1").
          replace(CDATA_REGEXP, "$1");

        if (handler.chars) handler.chars( decodeEntities(text) );

        return "";
      });

      parseEndTag( "", stack.last() );
    }

    if ( html == last ) {
      throw "Parse Error: " + html;
    }
    last = html;
  }

  // Clean up any remaining tags
  parseEndTag();

  function parseStartTag( tag, tagName, rest, unary ) {
    tagName = lowercase(tagName);
    if ( blockElements[ tagName ] ) {
      while ( stack.last() && inlineElements[ stack.last() ] ) {
        parseEndTag( "", stack.last() );
      }
    }

    if ( optionalEndTagElements[ tagName ] && stack.last() == tagName ) {
      parseEndTag( "", tagName );
    }

    unary = voidElements[ tagName ] || !!unary;

    if ( !unary )
      stack.push( tagName );

    var attrs = {};

    rest.replace(ATTR_REGEXP, function(match, name, doubleQuotedValue, singleQoutedValue, unqoutedValue) {
      var value = doubleQuotedValue
        || singleQoutedValue
        || unqoutedValue
        || '';

      attrs[name] = decodeEntities(value);
    });
    if (handler.start) handler.start( tagName, attrs, unary );
  }

  function parseEndTag( tag, tagName ) {
    var pos = 0, i;
    tagName = lowercase(tagName);
    if ( tagName )
      // Find the closest opened tag of the same type
      for ( pos = stack.length - 1; pos >= 0; pos-- )
        if ( stack[ pos ] == tagName )
          break;

    if ( pos >= 0 ) {
      // Close all the open elements, up the stack
      for ( i = stack.length - 1; i >= pos; i-- )
        if (handler.end) handler.end( stack[ i ] );

      // Remove the open elements from the stack
      stack.length = pos;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * decodes all entities into regular string
 * @param value
 * @returns {string} A string with decoded entities.
 */
var hiddenPre=document.createElement("pre");
function decodeEntities(value) {
  hiddenPre.innerHTML=value.replace(/</g,"&lt;");
  return hiddenPre.innerText || hiddenPre.textContent || '';
}

/**
 * Escapes all potentially dangerous characters, so that the
 * resulting string can be safely inserted into attribute or
 * element text.
 * @param value
 * @returns escaped text
 */
function encodeEntities(value) {
  return value.
    replace(/&/g, '&amp;').
    replace(NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP, function(value){
      return '&#' + value.charCodeAt(0) + ';';
    }).
    replace(/</g, '&lt;').
    replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
}

/**
 * create an HTML/XML writer which writes to buffer
 * @param {Array} buf use buf.jain('') to get out sanitized html string
 * @returns {object} in the form of {
 *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
 *     end: function(tag) {},
 *     chars: function(text) {},
 *     comment: function(text) {}
 * }
 */
function htmlSanitizeWriter(buf){
  var ignore = false;
  var out = bind(buf, buf.push);
  return {
    start: function(tag, attrs, unary){
      tag = lowercase(tag);
      if (!ignore && specialElements[tag]) {
        ignore = tag;
      }
      if (!ignore && validElements[tag] == true) {
        out('<');
        out(tag);
        forEach(attrs, function(value, key){
          var lkey=lowercase(key);
          if (validAttrs[lkey]==true && (uriAttrs[lkey]!==true || value.match(URI_REGEXP))) {
            out(' ');
            out(key);
            out('="');
            out(encodeEntities(value));
            out('"');
          }
        });
        out(unary ? '/>' : '>');
      }
    },
    end: function(tag){
        tag = lowercase(tag);
        if (!ignore && validElements[tag] == true) {
          out('</');
          out(tag);
          out('>');
        }
        if (tag == ignore) {
          ignore = false;
        }
      },
    chars: function(chars){
        if (!ignore) {
          out(encodeEntities(chars));
        }
      }
  };
}

//////////////////////////////////
//JQLite
//////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.element
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
 * `angular.element` can be either an alias for [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function, if
 * jQuery is available, or a function that wraps the element or string in Angular's jQuery lite
 * implementation (commonly referred to as jqLite).
 *
 * Real jQuery always takes precedence over jqLite, provided it was loaded before `DOMContentLoaded`
 * event fired.
 *
 * jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
 * Angular to manipulate the DOM. jqLite implements only the most commonly needed functionality
 * within a very small footprint, so only a subset of the jQuery API - methods, arguments and
 * invocation styles - are supported.
 *
 * Note: All element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or jqLite; they are never
 * raw DOM references.
 *
 * ## Angular's jQuery lite provides the following methods:
 *
 * - [addClass()](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
 * - [after()](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
 * - [append()](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
 * - [attr()](http://api.jquery.com/attr/)
 * - [bind()](http://api.jquery.com/bind/)
 * - [children()](http://api.jquery.com/children/)
 * - [clone()](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
 * - [css()](http://api.jquery.com/css/)
 * - [data()](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
 * - [eq()](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
 * - [find()](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name.
 * - [hasClass()](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
 * - [html()](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
 * - [next()](http://api.jquery.com/next/)
 * - [parent()](http://api.jquery.com/parent/)
 * - [prepend()](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
 * - [prop()](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
 * - [ready()](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
 * - [remove()](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
 * - [removeAttr()](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
 * - [removeClass()](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
 * - [removeData()](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
 * - [replaceWith()](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
 * - [text()](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
 * - [toggleClass()](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
 * - [unbind()](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/)
 * - [val()](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
 *
 * ## In addtion to the above, Angular privides an additional method to both jQuery and jQuery lite:
 *
 * - `scope()` - retrieves the current Angular scope of the element.
 * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
 *   parent element is reached.
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
 * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
 */

var jqCache = {},
    jqName = 'ng-' + new Date().getTime(),
    jqId = 1,
    addEventListenerFn = (window.document.addEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);}
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.attachEvent('on' + type, fn);}),
    removeEventListenerFn = (window.document.removeEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false); }
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.detachEvent('on' + type, fn); });

function jqNextId() { return (jqId++); }


function getStyle(element) {
  var current = {}, style = element[0].style, value, name, i;
  if (typeof style.length == 'number') {
    for(i = 0; i < style.length; i++) {
      name = style[i];
      current[name] = style[name];
    }
  } else {
    for (name in style) {
      value = style[name];
      if (1*name != name && name != 'cssText' && value && typeof value == 'string' && value !='false')
        current[name] = value;
    }
  }
  return current;
}


/**
 * Converts dash-separated names to camelCase. Useful for dealing with css properties.
 */
function camelCase(name) {
  return name.replace(/\-(\w)/g, function(all, letter, offset){
    return (offset == 0 && letter == 'w') ? 'w' : letter.toUpperCase();
  });
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
// jQuery mutation patch
//
//  In conjunction with bindJQuery intercepts all jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires a
// $destroy event on all DOM nodes being removed.
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////

function JQLitePatchJQueryRemove(name, dispatchThis) {
  var originalJqFn = jQuery.fn[name];
  originalJqFn = originalJqFn.$original || originalJqFn;
  removePatch.$original = originalJqFn;
  jQuery.fn[name] = removePatch;

  function removePatch() {
    var list = [this],
        fireEvent = dispatchThis,
        set, setIndex, setLength,
        element, childIndex, childLength, children,
        fns, data;

    while(list.length) {
      set = list.shift();
      for(setIndex = 0, setLength = set.length; setIndex < setLength; setIndex++) {
        element = jqLite(set[setIndex]);
        if (fireEvent) {
          data = element.data('events');
          if ( (fns = data && data.$destroy) ) {
            forEach(fns, function(fn){
              fn.handler();
            });
          }
        } else {
          fireEvent = !fireEvent;
        }
        for(childIndex = 0, childLength = (children = element.children()).length;
            childIndex < childLength;
            childIndex++) {
          list.push(jQuery(children[childIndex]));
        }
      }
    }
    return originalJqFn.apply(this, arguments);
  }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
function jqLiteWrap(element) {
  if (isString(element) && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
    throw new Error('selectors not implemented');
  }
  return new JQLite(element);
}

function JQLite(element) {
  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
    return element;
  } else if (isString(element)) {
    var div = document.createElement('div');
    // Read about the NoScope elements here:
    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533897(VS.85).aspx
    div.innerHTML = '<div>&nbsp;</div>' + element; // IE insanity to make NoScope elements work!
    div.removeChild(div.firstChild); // remove the superfluous div
    JQLiteAddNodes(this, div.childNodes);
    this.remove(); // detach the elements from the temporary DOM div.
  } else {
    JQLiteAddNodes(this, element);
  }
}

function JQLiteClone(element) {
  return element.cloneNode(true);
}

function JQLiteDealoc(element){
  JQLiteRemoveData(element);
  for ( var i = 0, children = element.childNodes || []; i < children.length; i++) {
    JQLiteDealoc(children[i]);
  }
}

function JQLiteRemoveData(element) {
  var cacheId = element[jqName],
  cache = jqCache[cacheId];
  if (cache) {
    if (cache.bind) {
      forEach(cache.bind, function(fn, type){
        if (type == '$destroy') {
          fn({});
        } else {
          removeEventListenerFn(element, type, fn);
        }
      });
    }
    delete jqCache[cacheId];
    element[jqName] = undefined; // ie does not allow deletion of attributes on elements.
  }
}

function JQLiteData(element, key, value) {
  var cacheId = element[jqName],
      cache = jqCache[cacheId || -1];
  if (isDefined(value)) {
    if (!cache) {
      element[jqName] = cacheId = jqNextId();
      cache = jqCache[cacheId] = {};
    }
    cache[key] = value;
  } else {
    return cache ? cache[key] : null;
  }
}

function JQLiteHasClass(element, selector, _) {
  // the argument '_' is important, since it makes the function have 3 arguments, which
  // is needed for delegate function to realize the this is a getter.
  return ((" " + element.className + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
      indexOf( " " + selector + " " ) > -1);
}

function JQLiteRemoveClass(element, selector) {
  if (selector) {
    forEach(selector.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      element.className = trim(
          (" " + element.className + " ")
          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " ")
      );
    });
  }
}

function JQLiteAddClass(element, selector) {
  if (selector) {
    forEach(selector.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      if (!JQLiteHasClass(element, cssClass)) {
        element.className = trim(element.className + ' ' + trim(cssClass));
      }
    });
  }
}

function JQLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
  if (elements) {
    elements = (!elements.nodeName && isDefined(elements.length) && !isWindow(elements))
      ? elements
      : [ elements ];
    for(var i=0; i < elements.length; i++) {
      root.push(elements[i]);
    }
  }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions which are declared directly.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
  ready: function(fn) {
    var fired = false;

    function trigger() {
      if (fired) return;
      fired = true;
      fn();
    }

    this.bind('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
    // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
    jqLiteWrap(window).bind('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
  },
  toString: function() {
    var value = [];
    forEach(this, function(e){ value.push('' + e);});
    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
  },

  eq: function(index) {
      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
  },

  length: 0,
  push: push,
  sort: [].sort,
  splice: [].splice
};

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating getter/setters.
// these functions return self on setter and
// value on get.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required'.split(','), function(value) {
  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
});

forEach({
  data: JQLiteData,
  inheritedData: function(element, name, value) {
    element = jqLite(element);
    while (element.length) {
      if (value = element.data(name)) return value;
      element = element.parent();
    }
  },

  scope: function(element) {
    return jqLite(element).inheritedData($$scope);
  },

  removeAttr: function(element,name) {
    element.removeAttribute(name);
  },

  hasClass: JQLiteHasClass,

  css: function(element, name, value) {
    name = camelCase(name);

    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.style[name] = value;
    } else {
      var val;

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // this is some IE specific weirdness that jQuery 1.6.4 does not sure why
        val = element.currentStyle && element.currentStyle[name];
        if (val === '') val = 'auto';
      }

      val = val || element.style[name];

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // jquery weirdness :-/
        val = (val === '') ? undefined : val;
      }

      return  val;
    }
  },

  attr: function(element, name, value){
    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
      if (isDefined(value)) {
        if (!!value) {
          element[name] = true;
          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
        } else {
          element[name] = false;
          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
        }
      } else {
        return (element[name] ||
                 element.getAttribute(name) !== null &&
                 (msie < 9 ? element.getAttribute(name) !== '' : true))
               ? lowercasedName
               : undefined;
      }
    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.setAttribute(name, value);
    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
    }
  },

  prop: function(element, name, value) {
    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element[name] = value;
    } else {
      return element[name];
    }
  },

  text: extend((msie < 9)
      ? function(element, value) {
        // NodeType == 3 is text node
        if (element.nodeType == 3) {
          if (isUndefined(value))
            return element.nodeValue;
          element.nodeValue = value;
        } else {
          if (isUndefined(value))
            return element.innerText;
          element.innerText = value;
        }
      }
      : function(element, value) {
        if (isUndefined(value)) {
          return element.textContent;
        }
        element.textContent = value;
      }, {$dv:''}),

  val: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      return element.value;
    }
    element.value = value;
  },

  html: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      return element.innerHTML;
    }
    for (var i = 0, childNodes = element.childNodes; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
      JQLiteDealoc(childNodes[i]);
    }
    element.innerHTML = value;
  }
}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
    var i, key;

    if ((fn.length == 2 ? arg1 : arg2) === undefined) {
      if (isObject(arg1)) {
        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
        for(i=0; i < this.length; i++) {
          for (key in arg1) {
            fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
          }
        }
        // return self for chaining
        return this;
      } else {
        // we are a read, so read the first child.
        if (this.length)
          return fn(this[0], arg1, arg2);
      }
    } else {
      // we are a write, so apply to all children
      for(i=0; i < this.length; i++) {
        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
      }
      // return self for chaining
      return this;
    }
    return fn.$dv;
  };
});

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating traversal.
// These functions chain results into a single
// selector.
//////////////////////////////////////////
forEach({
  removeData: JQLiteRemoveData,

  dealoc: JQLiteDealoc,

  bind: function(element, type, fn){
    var bind = JQLiteData(element, 'bind');
    if (!bind) JQLiteData(element, 'bind', bind = {});
    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type){
      var eventHandler = bind[type];
      if (!eventHandler) {
        bind[type] = eventHandler = function(event) {
          if (!event.preventDefault) {
            event.preventDefault = function() {
              event.returnValue = false; //ie
            };
          }
          if (!event.stopPropagation) {
            event.stopPropagation = function() {
              event.cancelBubble = true; //ie
            };
          }
          if (!event.target) {
            event.target = event.srcElement || document;
          }

          if (isUndefined(event.defaultPrevented)) {
            var prevent = event.preventDefault;
            event.preventDefault = function() {
              event.defaultPrevented = true;
              prevent.call(event);
            };
            event.defaultPrevented = false;
          }

          event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
            return event.defaultPrevented;
          };

          forEach(eventHandler.fns, function(fn){
            fn.call(element, event);
          });
        };
        eventHandler.fns = [];
        addEventListenerFn(element, type, eventHandler);
      }
      eventHandler.fns.push(fn);
    });
  },

  unbind: function(element, type, fn) {
    var bind = JQLiteData(element, 'bind');
    if (!bind) return; //no listeners registered

    if (isUndefined(type)) {
      forEach(bind, function(eventHandler, type) {
        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, eventHandler);
        delete bind[type];
      });
    } else {
      if (isUndefined(fn)) {
        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, bind[type]);
        delete bind[type];
      } else {
        angularArray.remove(bind[type].fns, fn);
      }
    }
  },

  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
    JQLiteDealoc(element);
    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node){
      if (index) {
        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
      } else {
        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
      }
      index = node;
    });
  },

  children: function(element) {
    var children = [];
    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element){
      if (element.nodeName != '#text')
        children.push(element);
    });
    return children;
  },

  append: function(element, node) {
    forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
      if (element.nodeType === 1)
        element.appendChild(child);
    });
  },

  prepend: function(element, node) {
    if (element.nodeType === 1) {
      var index = element.firstChild;
      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
        if (index) {
          element.insertBefore(child, index);
        } else {
          element.appendChild(child);
          index = child;
        }
      });
    }
  },

  remove: function(element) {
    JQLiteDealoc(element);
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
  },

  after: function(element, newElement) {
    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
    forEach(new JQLite(newElement), function(node){
      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
      index = node;
    });
  },

  addClass: JQLiteAddClass,
  removeClass: JQLiteRemoveClass,

  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
    if (isUndefined(condition)) {
      condition = !JQLiteHasClass(element, selector);
    }
    (condition ? JQLiteAddClass : JQLiteRemoveClass)(element, selector);
  },

  parent: function(element) {
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
  },

  next: function(element) {
    return element.nextSibling;
  },

  find: function(element, selector) {
    return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
  },

  clone: JQLiteClone
}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * chaining functions
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
    var value;
    for(var i=0; i < this.length; i++) {
      if (value == undefined) {
        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
        if (value !== undefined) {
          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
          value = jqLite(value);
        }
      } else {
        JQLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2));
      }
    }
    return value == undefined ? this : value;
  };
});

var angularGlobal = {
  'typeOf':function(obj){
    if (obj === null) return $null;
    var type = typeof obj;
    if (type == $object) {
      if (obj instanceof Array) return $array;
      if (isDate(obj)) return $date;
      if (obj.nodeType == 1) return 'element';
    }
    return type;
  }
};


/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.Object
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * A namespace for utility functions used to work with JavaScript objects. These functions are
 * exposed in two ways:
 *
 * * __Angular expressions:__ Functions are bound to all objects and augment the Object type.
 * The names of these methods are prefixed with the '$' character in order to minimize naming
 * collisions. To call a method, invoke the function without the first argument, for example,
 * `myObject.$foo(param2)`.
 *
 * * __JavaScript code:__ Functions don't augment the Object type and must be invoked as functions
 * of `angular.Object` as `angular.Object.foo(myObject, param2)`.
 *
 *   * {@link angular.Object.copy angular.Object.copy()} - Creates a deep copy of the source
 *     parameter.
 *   * {@link angular.Object.equals angular.Object.equals()} - Determines if two objects or values
 *     are equivalent.
 *   * {@link angular.Object.size angular.Object.size()} - Determines the number of elements in
 *     strings, arrays, and objects.
 */
var angularCollection = {
  'copy': copy,
  'size': size,
  'equals': equals
};
var angularObject = {
  'extend': extend
};

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.Array
 *
 * @description
 * A namespace for utility functions for the manipulation of JavaScript Array objects.
 *
 * These functions are exposed in two ways:
 *
 * * __Angular expressions:__ Functions are bound to the Array objects and augment the Array type
 * as array methods. The names of these methods are prefixed with the `$` character to minimize
 * naming collisions. To call a method, invoke myArrayObject.$foo(params).
 *
 *     Because Array type is a subtype of the Object type, all angular.Object functions augment
 *     the Array type in Angular expressions as well.
 *
 * * __JavaScript code:__ Functions do nor augment the Array type and must be invoked as functions
 * of `angular.Array` as `angular.Array.foo(myArrayObject, params)`.
 *
 * The following APIs are built in to the Angular Array object:
 *
 * * {@link angular.Array.add angular.Array.add()} - Optionally adds a new element to an array.
 * * {@link angular.Array.count angular.Array.count()} - Determines the number of elements in an
 *                                                       array.
 * * {@link angular.Array.filter angular.Array.filter()} - Returns the subset of elements specified
 *                                                         in the filter as a new array.
 * * {@link angular.Array.indexOf angular.Array.indexOf()} - Determines the index of an array
 *                                                           value.
 * * {@link angular.Array.limitTo angular.Array.limitTo()} - Creates a sub-array of an existing
 *                                                           array.
 * * {@link angular.Array.orderBy angular.Array.orderBy()} - Orders array elements.
 * * {@link angular.Array.remove angular.Array.remove()} - Removes array elements.
 * * {@link angular.Array.sum angular.Array.sum()} - Sums the numbers in an array.
 */
var angularArray = {


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.indexOf
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Determines the index of a `value` in an `array`.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array Array to search.
   * @param {*} value Value to search for.
   * @returns {number} The position of the element in `array`. The position is 0-based.
   * If the value cannot be found, `-1` is returned.
   *
   * @example
      <doc:example>
        <doc:source>
         <script>
           function Ctrl() {
             this.books = ['Moby Dick', 'Great Gatsby', 'Romeo and Juliet'];
             this.bookName = 'Romeo and Juliet';
           }
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
           <input ng:model='bookName'> <br>
           Index of '{{bookName}}' in the list {{books}} is <em>{{books.$indexOf(bookName)}}</em>.
         </div>
        </doc:source>
        <doc:scenario>
         it('should correctly calculate the initial index', function() {
           expect(binding('books.$indexOf(bookName)')).toBe('2');
         });

         it('should recalculate', function() {
           input('bookName').enter('foo');
           expect(binding('books.$indexOf(bookName)')).toBe('-1');

           input('bookName').enter('Moby Dick');
           expect(binding('books.$indexOf(bookName)')).toBe('0');
         });
        </doc:scenario>
      </doc:example>
   */
  'indexOf': indexOf,


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.sum
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * The `sum` function calculates the sum of all numbers in an `array`. If an `expression` is
   * supplied, `sum` evaluates each element in the `array` with the expression and then returns
   * the sum of the calculated values.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more info about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array The source array.
   * @param {(string|function())=} expression Angular expression or a function to be evaluated for
   *  each element in `array`. The array element becomes the `this` during the evaluation.
   * @returns {number} Sum of items in the array.
   *
   * @example
      <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
        <script>
          function Ctrl() {
            this.invoice = {
              items:[ {
                   qty:10,
                   description:'gadget',
                   cost:9.95
                 }
              ]
            };
          }
        </script>
        <table class="invoice" ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <tr><th>Qty</th><th>Description</th><th>Cost</th><th>Total</th><th></th></tr>
         <tr ng:repeat="item in invoice.items">
           <td><input type="integer" ng:model="item.qty" size="4" required></td>
           <td><input type="text" ng:model="item.description"></td>
           <td><input type="number" ng:model="item.cost" required size="6"></td>
           <td>{{item.qty * item.cost | currency}}</td>
           <td>[<a href ng:click="invoice.items.$remove(item)">X</a>]</td>
         </tr>
         <tr>
           <td><a href ng:click="invoice.items.$add({qty:1, cost:0})">add item</a></td>
           <td></td>
           <td>Total:</td>
           <td>{{invoice.items.$sum('qty*cost') | currency}}</td>
         </tr>
        </table>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         //TODO: these specs are lame because I had to work around issues #164 and #167
         it('should initialize and calculate the totals', function() {
           expect(repeater('table.invoice tr', 'item in invoice.items').count()).toBe(3);
           expect(repeater('table.invoice tr', 'item in invoice.items').row(1)).
             toEqual(['$99.50']);
           expect(binding("invoice.items.$sum('qty*cost')")).toBe('$99.50');
           expect(binding("invoice.items.$sum('qty*cost')")).toBe('$99.50');
         });

         it('should add an entry and recalculate', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("add item")').click();
           using('.doc-example-live tr:nth-child(3)').input('item.qty').enter('20');
           using('.doc-example-live tr:nth-child(3)').input('item.cost').enter('100');

           expect(repeater('table.invoice tr', 'item in invoice.items').row(2)).
             toEqual(['$2,000.00']);
           expect(binding("invoice.items.$sum('qty*cost')")).toBe('$2,099.50');
         });
       </doc:scenario>
      </doc:example>
   */
  'sum':function(array, expression) {
    var fn = angularFunction.compile(expression);
    var sum = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      var value = 1 * fn(array[i]);
      if (!isNaN(value)){
        sum += value;
      }
    }
    return sum;
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.remove
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Modifies `array` by removing an element from it. The element will be looked up using the
   * {@link angular.Array.indexOf indexOf} function on the `array` and only the first instance of
   * the element will be removed.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array Array from which an element should be removed.
   * @param {*} value Element to be removed.
   * @returns {*} The removed element.
   *
   * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <ul ng:init="tasks=['Learn Angular', 'Read Documentation',
                             'Check out demos', 'Build cool applications']">
           <li ng:repeat="task in tasks">
             {{task}} [<a href="" ng:click="tasks.$remove(task)">X</a>]
           </li>
         </ul>
         <hr/>
         tasks = {{tasks}}
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should initialize the task list with for tasks', function() {
           expect(repeater('.doc-example-live ul li', 'task in tasks').count()).toBe(4);
           expect(repeater('.doc-example-live ul li', 'task in tasks').column('task')).
             toEqual(['Learn Angular', 'Read Documentation', 'Check out demos',
                      'Build cool applications']);
         });

         it('should initialize the task list with for tasks', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live ul li a:contains("X"):first').click();
           expect(repeater('.doc-example-live ul li', 'task in tasks').count()).toBe(3);

           element('.doc-example-live ul li a:contains("X"):last').click();
           expect(repeater('.doc-example-live ul li', 'task in tasks').count()).toBe(2);

           expect(repeater('.doc-example-live ul li', 'task in tasks').column('task')).
             toEqual(['Read Documentation', 'Check out demos']);
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  'remove':function(array, value) {
    var index = indexOf(array, value);
    if (index >=0)
      array.splice(index, 1);
    return value;
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.filter
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array The source array.
   * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
   *   `array`.
   *
   *   Can be one of:
   *
   *   - `string`: Predicate that results in a substring match using the value of `expression`
   *     string. All strings or objects with string properties in `array` that contain this string
   *     will be returned. The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
   *
   *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
   *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
   *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
   *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
   *     property of the object. That's equivalent to the simple substring match with a `string`
   *     as described above.
   *
   *   - `function`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters. The function is
   *     called for each element of `array`. The final result is an array of those elements that
   *     the predicate returned true for.
   *
   * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <div ng:init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
                                  {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
                                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
                                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
                                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'}]"></div>

         Search: <input ng:model="searchText"/>
         <table id="searchTextResults">
           <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th><tr>
           <tr ng:repeat="friend in friends.$filter(searchText)">
             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
           <tr>
         </table>
         <hr>
         Any: <input ng:model="search.$"/> <br>
         Name only <input ng:model="search.name"/><br>
         Phone only <input ng:model="search.phone"/><br>
         <table id="searchObjResults">
           <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th><tr>
           <tr ng:repeat="friend in friends.$filter(search)">
             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
           <tr>
         </table>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
           input('searchText').enter('m');
           expect(repeater('#searchTextResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('name')).
             toEqual(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam']);

           input('searchText').enter('76');
           expect(repeater('#searchTextResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('name')).
             toEqual(['John', 'Julie']);
         });

         it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
           input('search.$').enter('i');
           expect(repeater('#searchObjResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('name')).
             toEqual(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie']);
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  'filter':function(array, expression) {
    var predicates = [];
    predicates.check = function(value) {
      for (var j = 0; j < predicates.length; j++) {
        if(!predicates[j](value)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    };
    var search = function(obj, text){
      if (text.charAt(0) === '!') {
        return !search(obj, text.substr(1));
      }
      switch (typeof obj) {
      case "boolean":
      case "number":
      case "string":
        return ('' + obj).toLowerCase().indexOf(text) > -1;
      case "object":
        for ( var objKey in obj) {
          if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && search(obj[objKey], text)) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      case "array":
        for ( var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
          if (search(obj[i], text)) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      default:
        return false;
      }
    };
    switch (typeof expression) {
      case "boolean":
      case "number":
      case "string":
        expression = {$:expression};
      case "object":
        for (var key in expression) {
          if (key == '$') {
            (function() {
              var text = (''+expression[key]).toLowerCase();
              if (!text) return;
              predicates.push(function(value) {
                return search(value, text);
              });
            })();
          } else {
            (function() {
              var path = key;
              var text = (''+expression[key]).toLowerCase();
              if (!text) return;
              predicates.push(function(value) {
                return search(getter(value, path), text);
              });
            })();
          }
        }
        break;
      case 'function':
        predicates.push(expression);
        break;
      default:
        return array;
    }
    var filtered = [];
    for ( var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
      var value = array[j];
      if (predicates.check(value)) {
        filtered.push(value);
      }
    }
    return filtered;
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.add
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * The `add` function in Angualar is similar to JavaScript's `Array#push` method in that it
   * appends a new element to an array. Angular's function differs from the JavaScript method in
   * that specifying a value for the function is optional and the default for the function is an
   * empty object.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array The array to be expanded.
   * @param {*=} [value={}] The value to be appended.
   * @returns {Array} The expanded array.
   *
   * @TODO simplify the example.
   *
   * @example
   * This example shows how you can use the `$add` method to populate an initially empty array
   * with objects created from user input.
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <script>
           function Ctrl() {
             this.people = [];
           }
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
           [<a href="" ng:click="people.$add()">add empty</a>]
           [<a href="" ng:click="people.$add({name:'John', sex:'male'})">add 'John'</a>]
           [<a href="" ng:click="people.$add({name:'Mary', sex:'female'})">add 'Mary'</a>]

           <ul>
             <li ng:repeat="person in people">
               <input ng:model="person.name">
               <select ng:model="person.sex">
                 <option value="">--chose one--</option>
                 <option>male</option>
                 <option>female</option>
               </select>
               [<a href="" ng:click="people.$remove(person)">X</a>]
             </li>
           </ul>
           <pre>people = {{people}}</pre>
         </div>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         beforeEach(function() {
            expect(binding('people')).toBe('people = []');
         });

         it('should create an empty record when "add empty" is clicked', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("add empty")').click();
           expect(binding('people')).toBe('people = [{\n  }]');
         });

         it('should create a "John" record when "add \'John\'" is clicked', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("add \'John\'")').click();
           expect(binding('people')).toBe('people = [{\n  "name":"John",\n  "sex":"male"}]');
         });

         it('should create a "Mary" record when "add \'Mary\'" is clicked', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("add \'Mary\'")').click();
           expect(binding('people')).toBe('people = [{\n  "name":"Mary",\n  "sex":"female"}]');
         });

         it('should delete a record when "X" is clicked', function() {
            element('.doc-example-live a:contains("add empty")').click();
            element('.doc-example-live li a:contains("X"):first').click();
            expect(binding('people')).toBe('people = []');
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  'add':function(array, value) {
    array.push(isUndefined(value)? {} : value);
    return array;
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.count
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Determines the number of elements in an array. Provides an option for counting only those
   * elements for which a specified `condition` evaluates to `true`.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array The array containing the elements to be counted.
   * @param {(function()|string)=} condition A function to be evaluated or
   *     an Angular expression to be compiled and evaluated. The element being
   *     iterated over is exposed to the `condition` as `this`.
   * @returns {number} Number of elements in the array. If a `condition` is specified, returns
   * the number of elements whose `condition` evaluates to `true`.
   *
   * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <pre ng:init="items = [{name:'knife', points:1},
                                {name:'fork', points:3},
                                {name:'spoon', points:1}]"></pre>
         <ul>
           <li ng:repeat="item in items">
              {{item.name}}: points=
              <input type="text" ng:model="item.points"/> <!-- id="item{{$index}} -->
           </li>
         </ul>
         <p>Number of items which have one point: <em>{{ items.$count('points==1') }}</em></p>
         <p>Number of items which have more than one point:
         <em>{{items.$count('points&gt;1')}}</em></p>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should calculate counts', function() {
           expect(binding('items.$count(\'points==1\')')).toEqual('2');
           expect(binding('items.$count(\'points>1\')')).toEqual('1');
         });

         it('should recalculate when updated', function() {
           using('.doc-example-live li:first-child').input('item.points').enter('23');
           expect(binding('items.$count(\'points==1\')')).toEqual('1');
           expect(binding('items.$count(\'points>1\')')).toEqual('2');
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  'count':function(array, condition) {
    if (!condition) return array.length;
    var fn = angularFunction.compile(condition), count = 0;
    forEach(array, function(value){
      if (fn(value)) {
        count ++;
      }
    });
    return count;
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.orderBy
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate.
   *
   * Note: this function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more informaton about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
   * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>} expression A predicate to be
   *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
   *
   *    Can be one of:
   *
   *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
   *      `<`, `=`, `>` operator.
   *    - `string`: An Angular expression which evaluates to an object to order by, such as 'name'
   *      to sort by a property called 'name'. Optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control
   *      ascending or descending sort order (for example, +name or -name).
   *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
   *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
   *
   * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order the array.
   * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
   *
   * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <script>
           function Ctrl() {
             this.friends =
                 [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
                  {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}]
             this.predicate = '-age';
           }
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
           <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
           <hr/>
           [ <a href="" ng:click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
           <table class="friend">
             <tr>
               <th><a href="" ng:click="predicate = 'name'; reverse=false">Name</a>
                   (<a href ng:click="predicate = '-name'; reverse=false">^</a>)</th>
               <th><a href="" ng:click="predicate = 'phone'; reverse=!reverse">Phone Number</a></th>
               <th><a href="" ng:click="predicate = 'age'; reverse=!reverse">Age</a></th>
             <tr>
             <tr ng:repeat="friend in friends.$orderBy(predicate, reverse)">
               <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
               <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
               <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
             <tr>
           </table>
         </div>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should be reverse ordered by aged', function() {
           expect(binding('predicate')).toBe('Sorting predicate = -age; reverse = ');
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.age')).
             toEqual(['35', '29', '21', '19', '10']);
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
             toEqual(['Adam', 'Julie', 'Mike', 'Mary', 'John']);
         });

         it('should reorder the table when user selects different predicate', function() {
           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("Name")').click();
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
             toEqual(['Adam', 'John', 'Julie', 'Mary', 'Mike']);
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.age')).
             toEqual(['35', '10', '29', '19', '21']);

           element('.doc-example-live a:contains("Phone")').click();
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.phone')).
             toEqual(['555-9876', '555-8765', '555-5678', '555-4321', '555-1212']);
           expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
             toEqual(['Mary', 'Julie', 'Adam', 'Mike', 'John']);
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  'orderBy':function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
    if (!sortPredicate) return array;
    sortPredicate = isArray(sortPredicate) ? sortPredicate: [sortPredicate];
    sortPredicate = map(sortPredicate, function(predicate){
      var descending = false, get = predicate || identity;
      if (isString(predicate)) {
        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-';
          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
        }
        get = expressionCompile(predicate);
      }
      return reverseComparator(function(a,b){
        return compare(get(a),get(b));
      }, descending);
    });
    var arrayCopy = [];
    for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { arrayCopy.push(array[i]); }
    return arrayCopy.sort(reverseComparator(comparator, reverseOrder));

    function comparator(o1, o2){
      for ( var i = 0; i < sortPredicate.length; i++) {
        var comp = sortPredicate[i](o1, o2);
        if (comp !== 0) return comp;
      }
      return 0;
    }
    function reverseComparator(comp, descending) {
      return toBoolean(descending)
          ? function(a,b){return comp(b,a);}
          : comp;
    }
    function compare(v1, v2){
      var t1 = typeof v1;
      var t2 = typeof v2;
      if (t1 == t2) {
        if (t1 == "string") v1 = v1.toLowerCase();
        if (t1 == "string") v2 = v2.toLowerCase();
        if (v1 === v2) return 0;
        return v1 < v2 ? -1 : 1;
      } else {
        return t1 < t2 ? -1 : 1;
      }
    }
  },


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name angular.Array.limitTo
   * @function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a new array containing only a specified number of elements in an array. The elements
   * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, as specified by the
   * value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`.
   *
   * Note: This function is used to augment the `Array` type in Angular expressions. See
   * {@link angular.Array} for more information about Angular arrays.
   *
   * @param {Array} array Source array to be limited.
   * @param {string|Number} limit The length of the returned array. If the `limit` number is
   *     positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array are copied.
   *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array are
   *     copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`
   * @returns {Array} A new sub-array of length `limit` or less if input array had less than `limit`
   *     elements.
   *
   * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         <script>
           function Ctrl() {
             this.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
             this.limit = 3;
           }
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
           Limit {{numbers}} to: <input type="integer" ng:model="limit"/>
           <p>Output: {{ numbers.$limitTo(limit) | json }}</p>
         </div>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should limit the numer array to first three items', function() {
           expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng\\:model=limit]').val()).toBe('3');
           expect(binding('numbers.$limitTo(limit) | json')).toEqual('[1,2,3]');
         });

         it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
           input('limit').enter(-3);
           expect(binding('numbers.$limitTo(limit) | json')).toEqual('[7,8,9]');
         });

         it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
           input('limit').enter(100);
           expect(binding('numbers.$limitTo(limit) | json')).toEqual('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
   */
  limitTo: function(array, limit) {
    limit = parseInt(limit, 10);
    var out = [],
        i, n;

    // check that array is iterable
    if (!array || !(array instanceof Array))
      return out;

    // if abs(limit) exceeds maximum length, trim it
    if (limit > array.length)
      limit = array.length;
    else if (limit < -array.length)
      limit = -array.length;

    if (limit > 0) {
      i = 0;
      n = limit;
    } else {
      i = array.length + limit;
      n = array.length;
    }

    for (; i<n; i++) {
      out.push(array[i]);
    }

    return out;
  }
};

var R_ISO8061_STR = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?:\:(\d\d)(?:\:(\d\d)(?:\.(\d{3}))?)?)?Z)?$/;

var angularString = {
  'quote':function(string) {
    return '"' + string.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').
                        replace(/"/g, '\\"').
                        replace(/\n/g, '\\n').
                        replace(/\f/g, '\\f').
                        replace(/\r/g, '\\r').
                        replace(/\t/g, '\\t').
                        replace(/\v/g, '\\v') +
             '"';
  },
  'quoteUnicode':function(string) {
    var str = angular['String']['quote'](string);
    var chars = [];
    for ( var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
      var ch = str.charCodeAt(i);
      if (ch < 128) {
        chars.push(str.charAt(i));
      } else {
        var encode = "000" + ch.toString(16);
        chars.push("\\u" + encode.substring(encode.length - 4));
      }
    }
    return chars.join('');
  },

  /**
   * Tries to convert input to date and if successful returns the date, otherwise returns the
   * input.
   *
   * @param {string} string
   * @return {(Date|string)}
   */
  'toDate':function(string){
    var match;
    if (isString(string) && (match = string.match(R_ISO8061_STR))){
      var date = new Date(0);
      date.setUTCFullYear(match[1], match[2] - 1, match[3]);
      date.setUTCHours(match[4]||0, match[5]||0, match[6]||0, match[7]||0);
      return date;
    }
    return string;
  }
};

var angularDate = {
    'toString':function(date){
       if (!date) return date;

       var isoString = date.toISOString ? date.toISOString() : '';

       return (isoString.length==24) ?
                isoString :
                padNumber(date.getUTCFullYear(), 4) + '-' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCMonth() + 1, 2) + '-' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCDate(), 2) + 'T' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCHours(), 2) + ':' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCMinutes(), 2) + ':' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCSeconds(), 2) + '.' +
                  padNumber(date.getUTCMilliseconds(), 3) + 'Z';
    }
  };

var angularFunction = {
  'compile': function(expression) {
    if (isFunction(expression)){
      return expression;
    } else if (expression){
      return expressionCompile(expression);
    } else {
     return identity;
   }
  }
};

/**
 * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
 * Hash of a:
 *  string is string
 *  number is number as string
 *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
 *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
 *
 * @param obj
 * @returns {String} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
 *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
 */
function hashKey(obj) {
  var objType = typeof obj;
  var key = obj;
  if (objType == 'object') {
    if (typeof (key = obj.$$hashKey) == 'function') {
      // must invoke on object to keep the right this
      key = obj.$$hashKey();
    } else if (key === undefined) {
      key = obj.$$hashKey = nextUid();
    }
  }
  return objType + ':' + key;
}

/**
 * HashMap which can use objects as keys
 */
function HashMap(array){
  forEach(array, this.put, this);
}
HashMap.prototype = {
  /**
   * Store key value pair
   * @param key key to store can be any type
   * @param value value to store can be any type
   */
  put: function(key, value) {
    this[hashKey(key)] = value;
  },

  /**
   * @param key
   * @returns the value for the key
   */
  get: function(key) {
    return this[hashKey(key)];
  },

  /**
   * Remove the key/value pair
   * @param key
   */
  remove: function(key) {
    var value = this[key = hashKey(key)];
    delete this[key];
    return value;
  }
};

/**
 * A map where multiple values can be added to the same key such that they form a queue.
 * @returns {HashQueueMap}
 */
function HashQueueMap() {}
HashQueueMap.prototype = {
  /**
   * Same as array push, but using an array as the value for the hash
   */
  push: function(key, value) {
    var array = this[key = hashKey(key)];
    if (!array) {
      this[key] = [value];
    } else {
      array.push(value);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Same as array shift, but using an array as the value for the hash
   */
  shift: function(key) {
    var array = this[key = hashKey(key)];
    if (array) {
      if (array.length == 1) {
        delete this[key];
        return array[0];
      } else {
        return array.shift();
      }
    }
  }
};

function defineApi(dst, chain){
  angular[dst] = angular[dst] || {};
  forEach(chain, function(parent){
    extend(angular[dst], parent);
  });
}
defineApi('Global', [angularGlobal]);
defineApi('Collection', [angularGlobal, angularCollection]);
defineApi('Array', [angularGlobal, angularCollection, angularArray]);
defineApi('Object', [angularGlobal, angularCollection, angularObject]);
defineApi('String', [angularGlobal, angularString]);
defineApi('Date', [angularGlobal, angularDate]);
//IE bug
angular.Date.toString = angularDate.toString;
defineApi('Function', [angularGlobal, angularCollection, angularFunction]);

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.filter
 * @description
 *
 * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
 *
 * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
 *
 *         {{ expression | [ filter_name ] }}
 *
 * Following is the list of built-in angular filters:
 *
 * * {@link angular.filter.currency currency}
 * * {@link angular.filter.date date}
 * * {@link angular.filter.html html}
 * * {@link angular.filter.json json}
 * * {@link angular.filter.linky linky}
 * * {@link angular.filter.lowercase lowercase}
 * * {@link angular.filter.number number}
 * * {@link angular.filter.uppercase uppercase}
 *
 * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
 * {@link guide/dev_guide.templates.filters Understanding Angular Filters} in the angular Developer
 * Guide.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.currency
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
 * symbol for current locale is used.
 *
 * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
 * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
 * @returns {string} Formatted number.
 *
 * @css ng-format-negative
 *   When the value is negative, this css class is applied to the binding making it (by default) red.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.amount = 1234.56;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <input type="number" ng:model="amount"/> <br/>
         default currency symbol ($): {{amount | currency}}<br/>
         custom currency identifier (USD$): {{amount | currency:"USD$"}}
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
         expect(binding('amount | currency')).toBe('$1,234.56');
         expect(binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
       });
       it('should update', function() {
         input('amount').enter('-1234');
         expect(binding('amount | currency')).toBe('($1,234.00)');
         expect(binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).toBe('(USD$1,234.00)');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-binding').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-format-negative/);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularFilter.currency = function(amount, currencySymbol){
  var formats = this.$service('$locale').NUMBER_FORMATS;
  this.$element.toggleClass('ng-format-negative', amount < 0);
  if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
  return formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, 2).
              replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
};

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.number
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as text.
 *
 * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
 *
 * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
 * @param {(number|string)=} [fractionSize=2] Number of decimal places to round the number to.
 * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.val = 1234.56789;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         Enter number: <input ng:model='val'><br/>
         Default formatting: {{val | number}}<br/>
         No fractions: {{val | number:0}}<br/>
         Negative number: {{-val | number:4}}
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should format numbers', function() {
         expect(binding('val | number')).toBe('1,234.568');
         expect(binding('val | number:0')).toBe('1,235');
         expect(binding('-val | number:4')).toBe('-1,234.5679');
       });

       it('should update', function() {
         input('val').enter('3374.333');
         expect(binding('val | number')).toBe('3,374.333');
         expect(binding('val | number:0')).toBe('3,374');
         expect(binding('-val | number:4')).toBe('-3,374.3330');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */

var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';

angularFilter.number = function(number, fractionSize) {
  var formats = this.$service('$locale').NUMBER_FORMATS;
  return formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP,
                                                  formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize);
};

function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
  if (isNaN(number) || !isFinite(number)) return '';

  var isNegative = number < 0;
  number = Math.abs(number);
  var numStr = number + '',
      formatedText = '',
      parts = [];

  if (numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
    formatedText = numStr;
  } else {
    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;

    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
    }

    var pow = Math.pow(10, fractionSize);
    number = Math.round(number * pow) / pow;
    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
    var whole = fraction[0];
    fraction = fraction[1] || '';

    var pos = 0,
        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
        group = pattern.gSize;

    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
      for (var i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
        if ((pos - i)%group === 0 && i !== 0) {
          formatedText += groupSep;
        }
        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
      }
    }

    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
      if ((whole.length - i)%lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
        formatedText += groupSep;
      }
      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
    }

    // format fraction part.
    while(fraction.length < fractionSize) {
      fraction += '0';
    }

    if (fractionSize) formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
  }

  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre);
  parts.push(formatedText);
  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
  return parts.join('');
}

function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
  var neg = '';
  if (num < 0) {
    neg =  '-';
    num = -num;
  }
  num = '' + num;
  while(num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
  if (trim)
    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
  return neg + num;
}


function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
  return function(date) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset)
      value += offset;
    if (value === 0 && offset == -12 ) value = 12;
    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
  };
}

function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
  return function(date, formats) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);

    return formats[get][value];
  };
}

function timeZoneGetter(date) {
  var offset = date.getTimezoneOffset();
  return padNumber(offset / 60, 2) + padNumber(Math.abs(offset % 60), 2);
}

function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
}

var DATE_FORMATS = {
  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
     a: ampmGetter,
     Z: timeZoneGetter
};

var GET_TIME_ZONE = /[A-Z]{3}(?![+\-])/,
    DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZE']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z))(.*)/,
    OPERA_TOSTRING_PATTERN = /^[\d].*Z$/,
    NUMBER_STRING = /^\d+$/;

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.date
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
 *
 *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
 *
 *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
 *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
 *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
 *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
 *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
 *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
 *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
 *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
 *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
 *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
 *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
 *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
 *   * `'hh'`: Hour in am/pm, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'h'`: Hour in am/pm, (1-12)
 *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
 *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
 *   * `'a'`: am/pm marker
 *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-1200)
 *
 *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
 *   {@link guide/dev_guide.i18n localizable formats}:
 *
 *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
 *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 pm)
 *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d,y'` for en_US  locale
 *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
 *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010
 *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
 *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
 *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 pm)
 *
 *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be quoted with single quotes (e.g.
 *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output single quote, use two single quotes in a sequence
 *   (e.g. `"h o''clock"`).
 *
 * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
 *    number) or ISO 8601 extended datetime string (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.SSSZ).
 * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
 *    `mediumDate` is used.
 * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <span ng:non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
           {{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}<br/>
       <span ng:non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
          {{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}<br/>
       <span ng:non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
          {{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}<br/>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should format date', function() {
         expect(binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).
            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
         expect(binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).
            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} \-?\d{4}/);
         expect(binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).
            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularFilter.date = function(date, format) {
  var $locale = this.$service('$locale'),
      text = '',
      parts = [],
      fn, match;

  format = format || 'mediumDate'
  format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
  if (isString(date)) {
    if (NUMBER_STRING.test(date)) {
      date = parseInt(date, 10);
    } else {
      date = angularString.toDate(date);
    }
  }

  if (isNumber(date)) {
    date = new Date(date);
  }

  if (!isDate(date)) {
    return date;
  }

  while(format) {
    match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
    if (match) {
      parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
      format = parts.pop();
    } else {
      parts.push(format);
      format = null;
    }
  }

  forEach(parts, function(value){
    fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
    text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS)
               : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
  });

  return text;
};


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.json
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
 *
 *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
 *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
 *
 * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
 * @returns {string} JSON string.
 *
 * @css ng-monospace Always applied to the encapsulating element.
 *
 * @example:
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <pre>{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
         expect(binding('| json')).toBe('{\n  "name":"value"}');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 *
 */
angularFilter.json = function(object) {
  this.$element.addClass("ng-monospace");
  return toJson(object, true, /^(\$|this$)/);
};


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.lowercase
 * @function
 *
 * @see angular.lowercase
 */
angularFilter.lowercase = lowercase;


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.uppercase
 * @function
 *
 * @see angular.uppercase
 */
angularFilter.uppercase = uppercase;


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.html
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 *   Prevents the input from getting escaped by angular. By default the input is sanitized and
 *   inserted into the DOM as is.
 *
 *   The input is sanitized by parsing the html into tokens. All safe tokens (from a whitelist) are
 *   then serialized back to properly escaped html string. This means that no unsafe input can make
 *   it into the returned string, however, since our parser is more strict than a typical browser
 *   parser, it's possible that some obscure input, which would be recognized as valid HTML by a
 *   browser, won't make it through the sanitizer.
 *
 *   If you hate your users, you may call the filter with optional 'unsafe' argument, which bypasses
 *   the html sanitizer, but makes your application vulnerable to XSS and other attacks. Using this
 *   option is strongly discouraged and should be used only if you absolutely trust the input being
 *   filtered and you can't get the content through the sanitizer.
 *
 * @param {string} html Html input.
 * @param {string=} option If 'unsafe' then do not sanitize the HTML input.
 * @returns {string} Sanitized or raw html.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.snippet =
             '<p style="color:blue">an html\n' +
             '<em onmouseover="this.textContent=\'PWN3D!\'">click here</em>\n' +
             'snippet</p>';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
          Snippet: <textarea ng:model="snippet" cols="60" rows="3"></textarea>
           <table>
             <tr>
               <td>Filter</td>
               <td>Source</td>
               <td>Rendered</td>
             </tr>
             <tr id="html-filter">
               <td>html filter</td>
               <td>
                 <pre>&lt;div ng:bind="snippet | html"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
               </td>
               <td>
                 <div ng:bind="snippet | html"></div>
               </td>
             </tr>
             <tr id="escaped-html">
               <td>no filter</td>
               <td><pre>&lt;div ng:bind="snippet"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
               <td><div ng:bind="snippet"></div></td>
             </tr>
             <tr id="html-unsafe-filter">
               <td>unsafe html filter</td>
               <td><pre>&lt;div ng:bind="snippet | html:'unsafe'"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
               <td><div ng:bind="snippet | html:'unsafe'"></div></td>
             </tr>
           </table>
         </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should sanitize the html snippet ', function() {
         expect(using('#html-filter').binding('snippet | html')).
           toBe('<p>an html\n<em>click here</em>\nsnippet</p>');
       });

       it('should escape snippet without any filter', function() {
         expect(using('#escaped-html').binding('snippet')).
           toBe("&lt;p style=\"color:blue\"&gt;an html\n" +
                "&lt;em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\"&gt;click here&lt;/em&gt;\n" +
                "snippet&lt;/p&gt;");
       });

       it('should inline raw snippet if filtered as unsafe', function() {
         expect(using('#html-unsafe-filter').binding("snippet | html:'unsafe'")).
           toBe("<p style=\"color:blue\">an html\n" +
                "<em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\">click here</em>\n" +
                "snippet</p>");
       });

       it('should update', function() {
         input('snippet').enter('new <b>text</b>');
         expect(using('#html-filter').binding('snippet | html')).toBe('new <b>text</b>');
         expect(using('#escaped-html').binding('snippet')).toBe("new &lt;b&gt;text&lt;/b&gt;");
         expect(using('#html-unsafe-filter').binding("snippet | html:'unsafe'")).toBe('new <b>text</b>');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularFilter.html =  function(html, option){
  return new HTML(html, option);
};


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name angular.filter.linky
 * @function
 *
 * @description
 *   Finds links in text input and turns them into html links. Supports http/https/ftp/mailto and
 *   plain email address links.
 *
 * @param {string} text Input text.
 * @returns {string} Html-linkified text.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.snippet =
             'Pretty text with some links:\n'+
             'http://angularjs.org/,\n'+
             'mailto:us@somewhere.org,\n'+
             'another@somewhere.org,\n'+
             'and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
       Snippet: <textarea ng:model="snippet" cols="60" rows="3"></textarea>
       <table>
         <tr>
           <td>Filter</td>
           <td>Source</td>
           <td>Rendered</td>
         </tr>
         <tr id="linky-filter">
           <td>linky filter</td>
           <td>
             <pre>&lt;div ng:bind="snippet | linky"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
           </td>
           <td>
             <div ng:bind="snippet | linky"></div>
           </td>
         </tr>
         <tr id="escaped-html">
           <td>no filter</td>
           <td><pre>&lt;div ng:bind="snippet"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
           <td><div ng:bind="snippet"></div></td>
         </tr>
       </table>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should linkify the snippet with urls', function() {
         expect(using('#linky-filter').binding('snippet | linky')).
           toBe('Pretty text with some links:\n' +
                '<a href="http://angularjs.org/">http://angularjs.org/</a>,\n' +
                '<a href="mailto:us@somewhere.org">us@somewhere.org</a>,\n' +
                '<a href="mailto:another@somewhere.org">another@somewhere.org</a>,\n' +
                'and one more: <a href="ftp://127.0.0.1/">ftp://127.0.0.1/</a>.');
       });

       it ('should not linkify snippet without the linky filter', function() {
         expect(using('#escaped-html').binding('snippet')).
           toBe("Pretty text with some links:\n" +
                "http://angularjs.org/,\n" +
                "mailto:us@somewhere.org,\n" +
                "another@somewhere.org,\n" +
                "and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.");
       });

       it('should update', function() {
         input('snippet').enter('new http://link.');
         expect(using('#linky-filter').binding('snippet | linky')).
           toBe('new <a href="http://link">http://link</a>.');
         expect(using('#escaped-html').binding('snippet')).toBe('new http://link.');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
var LINKY_URL_REGEXP = /((ftp|https?):\/\/|(mailto:)?[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@)\S*[^\s\.\;\,\(\)\{\}\<\>]/,
    MAILTO_REGEXP = /^mailto:/;

angularFilter.linky = function(text) {
  if (!text) return text;
  var match;
  var raw = text;
  var html = [];
  var writer = htmlSanitizeWriter(html);
  var url;
  var i;
  while ((match = raw.match(LINKY_URL_REGEXP))) {
    // We can not end in these as they are sometimes found at the end of the sentence
    url = match[0];
    // if we did not match ftp/http/mailto then assume mailto
    if (match[2] == match[3]) url = 'mailto:' + url;
    i = match.index;
    writer.chars(raw.substr(0, i));
    writer.start('a', {href:url});
    writer.chars(match[0].replace(MAILTO_REGEXP, ''));
    writer.end('a');
    raw = raw.substring(i + match[0].length);
  }
  writer.chars(raw);
  return new HTML(html.join(''));
};

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$cookieStore
 * @requires $cookies
 *
 * @description
 * Provides a key-value (string-object) storage, that is backed by session cookies.
 * Objects put or retrieved from this storage are automatically serialized or
 * deserialized by angular's toJson/fromJson.
 * @example
 */
angularServiceInject('$cookieStore', function($store) {

  return {
    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$cookieStore#get
     * @methodOf angular.service.$cookieStore
     *
     * @description
     * Returns the value of given cookie key
     *
     * @param {string} key Id to use for lookup.
     * @returns {Object} Deserialized cookie value.
     */
    get: function(key) {
      return fromJson($store[key]);
    },

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$cookieStore#put
     * @methodOf angular.service.$cookieStore
     *
     * @description
     * Sets a value for given cookie key
     *
     * @param {string} key Id for the `value`.
     * @param {Object} value Value to be stored.
     */
    put: function(key, value) {
      $store[key] = toJson(value);
    },

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$cookieStore#remove
     * @methodOf angular.service.$cookieStore
     *
     * @description
     * Remove given cookie
     *
     * @param {string} key Id of the key-value pair to delete.
     */
    remove: function(key) {
      delete $store[key];
    }
  };

}, ['$cookies']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$cookies
 * @requires $browser
 *
 * @description
 * Provides read/write access to browser's cookies.
 *
 * Only a simple Object is exposed and by adding or removing properties to/from
 * this object, new cookies are created/deleted at the end of current $eval.
 *
 * @example
 */
angularServiceInject('$cookies', function($browser) {
  var rootScope = this,
      cookies = {},
      lastCookies = {},
      lastBrowserCookies,
      runEval = false;

  //creates a poller fn that copies all cookies from the $browser to service & inits the service
  $browser.addPollFn(function() {
    var currentCookies = $browser.cookies();
    if (lastBrowserCookies != currentCookies) { //relies on browser.cookies() impl
      lastBrowserCookies = currentCookies;
      copy(currentCookies, lastCookies);
      copy(currentCookies, cookies);
      if (runEval) rootScope.$apply();
    }
  })();

  runEval = true;

  //at the end of each eval, push cookies
  //TODO: this should happen before the "delayed" watches fire, because if some cookies are not
  //      strings or browser refuses to store some cookies, we update the model in the push fn.
  this.$watch(push);

  return cookies;


  /**
   * Pushes all the cookies from the service to the browser and verifies if all cookies were stored.
   */
  function push() {
    var name,
        value,
        browserCookies,
        updated;

    //delete any cookies deleted in $cookies
    for (name in lastCookies) {
      if (isUndefined(cookies[name])) {
        $browser.cookies(name, undefined);
      }
    }

    //update all cookies updated in $cookies
    for(name in cookies) {
      value = cookies[name];
      if (!isString(value)) {
        if (isDefined(lastCookies[name])) {
          cookies[name] = lastCookies[name];
        } else {
          delete cookies[name];
        }
      } else if (value !== lastCookies[name]) {
        $browser.cookies(name, value);
        updated = true;
      }
    }

    //verify what was actually stored
    if (updated){
      updated = false;
      browserCookies = $browser.cookies();

      for (name in cookies) {
        if (cookies[name] !== browserCookies[name]) {
          //delete or reset all cookies that the browser dropped from $cookies
          if (isUndefined(browserCookies[name])) {
            delete cookies[name];
          } else {
            cookies[name] = browserCookies[name];
          }
          updated = true;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}, ['$browser']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$defer
 * @requires $browser
 *
 * @description
 * Delegates to {@link angular.service.$browser $browser.defer}, but wraps the `fn` function
 * into a try/catch block and delegates any exceptions to
 * {@link angular.service.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
 *
 * In tests you can use `$browser.defer.flush()` to flush the queue of deferred functions.
 *
 * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
 * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
 * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$defer.cancel()`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.service.$defer#cancel
 * @methodOf angular.service.$defer
 *
 * @description
 * Cancels a defered task identified with `deferId`.
 *
 * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$defer` function.
 * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfuly canceled.
 */
angularServiceInject('$defer', function($browser) {
  var scope = this;

  function defer(fn, delay) {
    return $browser.defer(function() {
      scope.$apply(fn);
    }, delay);
  }

  defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
    return $browser.defer.cancel(deferId);
  };

  return defer;
}, ['$browser']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$document
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * A {@link angular.element jQuery (lite)}-wrapped reference to the browser's `window.document`
 * element.
 */
angularServiceInject("$document", function(window){
  return jqLite(window.document);
}, ['$window']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$exceptionHandler
 * @requires $log
 *
 * @description
 * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
 * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
 * the browser console.
 *
 * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overriden by
 * {@link angular.mock.service.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler}
 *
 * @example
 */
var $exceptionHandlerFactory; //reference to be used only in tests
angularServiceInject('$exceptionHandler', $exceptionHandlerFactory = function($log){
  return function(e) {
    $log.error(e);
  };
}, ['$log']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$formFactory
 *
 * @description
 * Use `$formFactory` to create a new instance of a {@link guide/dev_guide.forms form}
 * controller or to find the nearest form instance for a given DOM element.
 *
 * The form instance is a collection of widgets, and is responsible for life cycle and validation
 * of widget.
 *
 * Keep in mind that both form and widget instances are {@link api/angular.scope scopes}.
 *
 * @param {Form=} parentForm The form which should be the parent form of the new form controller.
 *   If none specified default to the `rootForm`.
 * @returns {Form} A new <a href="#form">form</a> instance.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * This example shows how one could write a widget which would enable data-binding on
 * `contenteditable` feature of HTML.
 *
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <script>
          function EditorCntl() {
            this.html = '<b>Hello</b> <i>World</i>!';
          }

          function HTMLEditorWidget(element) {
            var self = this;
            var htmlFilter = angular.filter('html');

            this.$parseModel = function() {
              // need to protect for script injection
              try {
                this.$viewValue = htmlFilter(this.$modelValue || '').get();
                if (this.$error.HTML) {
                  // we were invalid, but now we are OK.
                  this.$emit('$valid', 'HTML');
                }
              } catch (e) {
                // if HTML not parsable invalidate form.
                this.$emit('$invalid', 'HTML');
              }
            }

            this.$render = function() {
              element.html(this.$viewValue);
            }

            element.bind('keyup', function() {
              self.$apply(function() {
                self.$emit('$viewChange', element.html());
              });
            });
          }

          angular.directive('ng:contenteditable', function() {
            function linkFn($formFactory, element) {
              var exp = element.attr('ng:contenteditable'),
                  form = $formFactory.forElement(element),
                  widget;
              element.attr('contentEditable', true);
              widget = form.$createWidget({
                scope: this,
                model: exp,
                controller: HTMLEditorWidget,
                controllerArgs: [element]});
              // if the element is destroyed, then we need to notify the form.
              element.bind('$destroy', function() {
                widget.$destroy();
              });
            }
            linkFn.$inject = ['$formFactory'];
            return linkFn;
          });
        </script>
        <form name='editorForm' ng:controller="EditorCntl">
          <div ng:contenteditable="html"></div>
          <hr/>
          HTML: <br/>
          <textarea ng:model="html" cols=80></textarea>
          <hr/>
          <pre>editorForm = {{editorForm}}</pre>
        </form>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should enter invalid HTML', function() {
          expect(element('form[name=editorForm]').prop('className')).toMatch(/ng-valid/);
          input('html').enter('<');
          expect(element('form[name=editorForm]').prop('className')).toMatch(/ng-invalid/);
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject('$formFactory', function() {


  /**
   * @ngdoc proprety
   * @name rootForm
   * @propertyOf angular.service.$formFactory
   * @description
   * Static property on `$formFactory`
   *
   * Each application ({@link guide/dev_guide.scopes.internals root scope}) gets a root form which
   * is the top-level parent of all forms.
   */
  formFactory.rootForm = formFactory(this);


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name forElement
   * @methodOf angular.service.$formFactory
   * @description
   * Static method on `$formFactory` service.
   *
   * Retrieve the closest form for a given element or defaults to the `root` form. Used by the
   * {@link angular.widget.form form} element.
   * @param {Element} element The element where the search for form should initiate.
   */
  formFactory.forElement = function(element) {
    return element.inheritedData('$form') || formFactory.rootForm;
  };
  return formFactory;

  function formFactory(parent) {
    return (parent || formFactory.rootForm).$new(FormController);
  }

});

function propertiesUpdate(widget) {
  widget.$valid = !(widget.$invalid =
    !(widget.$readonly || widget.$disabled || equals(widget.$error, {})));
}

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name $error
 * @propertyOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @description
 * Property of the form and widget instance.
 *
 * Summary of all of the errors on the page. If a widget emits `$invalid` with `REQUIRED` key,
 * then the `$error` object will have a `REQUIRED` key with an array of widgets which have
 * emitted this key. `form.$error.REQUIRED == [ widget ]`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name $invalid
 * @propertyOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @description
 * Property of the form and widget instance.
 *
 * True if any of the widgets of the form are invalid.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name $valid
 * @propertyOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @description
 * Property of the form and widget instance.
 *
 * True if all of the widgets of the form are valid.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name angular.service.$formFactory#$valid
 * @eventOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @eventType listen on form
 * @description
 * Upon receiving the `$valid` event from the widget update the `$error`, `$valid` and `$invalid`
 * properties of both the widget as well as the from.
 *
 * @param {String} validationKey The validation key to be used when updating the `$error` object.
 *    The validation key is what will allow the template to bind to a specific validation error
 *    such as `<div ng:show="form.$error.KEY">error for key</div>`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name angular.service.$formFactory#$invalid
 * @eventOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @eventType listen on form
 * @description
 * Upon receiving the `$invalid` event from the widget update the `$error`, `$valid` and `$invalid`
 * properties of both the widget as well as the from.
 *
 * @param {String} validationKey The validation key to be used when updating the `$error` object.
 *    The validation key is what will allow the template to bind to a specific validation error
 *    such as `<div ng:show="form.$error.KEY">error for key</div>`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name angular.service.$formFactory#$validate
 * @eventOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @eventType emit on widget
 * @description
 * Emit the `$validate` event on the widget, giving a widget a chance to emit a
 * `$valid` / `$invalid` event base on its state. The `$validate` event is triggered when the
 * model or the view changes.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name angular.service.$formFactory#$viewChange
 * @eventOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @eventType listen on widget
 * @description
 * A widget is responsible for emitting this event whenever the view changes do to user interaction.
 * The event takes a `$viewValue` parameter, which is the new value of the view. This
 * event triggers a call to `$parseView()` as well as `$validate` event on widget.
 *
 * @param {*} viewValue The new value for the view which will be assigned to `widget.$viewValue`.
 */

function FormController() {
  var form = this,
      $error = form.$error = {};

  form.$on('$destroy', function(event){
    var widget = event.targetScope;
    if (widget.$widgetId) {
      delete form[widget.$widgetId];
    }
    forEach($error, removeWidget, widget);
  });

  form.$on('$valid', function(event, error){
    var widget = event.targetScope;
    delete widget.$error[error];
    propertiesUpdate(widget);
    removeWidget($error[error], error, widget);
  });

  form.$on('$invalid', function(event, error){
    var widget = event.targetScope;
    addWidget(error, widget);
    widget.$error[error] = true;
    propertiesUpdate(widget);
  });

  propertiesUpdate(form);

  function removeWidget(queue, errorKey, widget) {
    if (queue) {
      widget = widget || this; // so that we can be used in forEach;
      for (var i = 0, length = queue.length; i < length; i++) {
        if (queue[i] === widget) {
          queue.splice(i, 1);
          if (!queue.length) {
            delete $error[errorKey];
          }
        }
      }
      propertiesUpdate(form);
    }
  }

  function addWidget(errorKey, widget) {
    var queue = $error[errorKey];
    if (queue) {
      for (var i = 0, length = queue.length; i < length; i++) {
        if (queue[i] === widget) {
          return;
        }
      }
    } else {
      $error[errorKey] = queue = [];
    }
    queue.push(widget);
    propertiesUpdate(form);
  }
}


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $createWidget
 * @methodOf angular.service.$formFactory
 * @description
 *
 * Use form's `$createWidget` instance method to create new widgets. The widgets can be created
 * using an alias which makes the accessible from the form and available for data-binding,
 * useful for displaying validation error messages.
 *
 * The creation of a widget sets up:
 *
 *   - `$watch` of `expression` on `model` scope. This code path syncs the model to the view.
 *      The `$watch` listener will:
 *
 *     - assign the new model value of `expression` to `widget.$modelValue`.
 *     - call `widget.$parseModel` method if present. The `$parseModel` is responsible for copying
 *       the `widget.$modelValue` to `widget.$viewValue` and optionally converting the data.
 *       (For example to convert a number into string)
 *     - emits `$validate` event on widget giving a widget a chance to emit `$valid` / `$invalid`
 *       event.
 *     - call `widget.$render()` method on widget. The `$render` method is responsible for
 *       reading the `widget.$viewValue` and updating the DOM.
 *
 *   - Listen on `$viewChange` event from the `widget`. This code path syncs the view to the model.
 *     The `$viewChange` listener will:
 *
 *     - assign the value to `widget.$viewValue`.
 *     - call `widget.$parseView` method if present. The `$parseView` is responsible for copying
 *       the `widget.$viewValue` to `widget.$modelValue` and optionally converting the data.
 *       (For example to convert a string into number)
 *     - emits `$validate` event on widget giving a widget a chance to emit `$valid` / `$invalid`
 *       event.
 *     - Assign the  `widget.$modelValue` to the `expression` on the `model` scope.
 *
 *   - Creates these set of properties on the `widget` which are updated as a response to the
 *     `$valid` / `$invalid` events:
 *
 *     - `$error` -  object - validation errors will be published as keys on this object.
 *       Data-binding to this property is useful for displaying the validation errors.
 *     - `$valid` - boolean - true if there are no validation errors
 *     - `$invalid` - boolean - opposite of `$valid`.
 * @param {Object} params Named parameters:
 *
 *   - `scope` - `{Scope}` -  The scope to which the model for this widget is attached.
 *   - `model` - `{string}` - The name of the model property on model scope.
 *   - `controller` - {WidgetController} - The controller constructor function.
 *      The controller constructor should create these instance methods.
 *     - `$parseView()`: optional method responsible for copying `$viewVale` to `$modelValue`.
 *         The method may fire `$valid`/`$invalid` events.
 *     - `$parseModel()`: optional method responsible for copying `$modelVale` to `$viewValue`.
 *         The method may fire `$valid`/`$invalid` events.
 *     - `$render()`: required method which needs to update the DOM of the widget to match the
 *         `$viewValue`.
 *
 *   - `controllerArgs` - `{Array}` (Optional) -  Any extra arguments will be curried to the
 *     WidgetController constructor.
 *   - `onChange` - `{(string|function())}` (Optional) - Expression to execute when user changes the
 *     value.
 *   - `alias` - `{string}` (Optional) - The name of the form property under which the widget
 *     instance should be published. The name should be unique for each form.
 * @returns {Widget} Instance of a widget scope.
 */
FormController.prototype.$createWidget = function(params) {
  var form = this,
      modelScope = params.scope,
      onChange = params.onChange,
      alias = params.alias,
      scopeGet = parser(params.model).assignable(),
      scopeSet = scopeGet.assign,
      widget = this.$new(params.controller, params.controllerArgs);

  widget.$error = {};
  // Set the state to something we know will change to get the process going.
  widget.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
  // watch for scope changes and update the view appropriately
  modelScope.$watch(scopeGet, function(scope, value) {
    if (!equals(widget.$modelValue, value)) {
      widget.$modelValue = value;
      widget.$parseModel ? widget.$parseModel() : (widget.$viewValue = value);
      widget.$emit('$validate');
      widget.$render && widget.$render();
    }
  });

  widget.$on('$viewChange', function(event, viewValue){
    if (!equals(widget.$viewValue, viewValue)) {
      widget.$viewValue = viewValue;
      widget.$parseView ? widget.$parseView() : (widget.$modelValue = widget.$viewValue);
      scopeSet(modelScope, widget.$modelValue);
      if (onChange) modelScope.$eval(onChange);
      widget.$emit('$validate');
    }
  });

  propertiesUpdate(widget);

  // assign the widgetModel to the form
  if (alias && !form.hasOwnProperty(alias)) {
    form[alias] = widget;
    widget.$widgetId = alias;
  } else {
    alias = null;
  }

  return widget;
};

var URL_MATCH = /^(file|ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?([\w\.-]*)(:([0-9]+))?(\/[^\?#]*)?(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
    PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)?(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
    HASH_MATCH = PATH_MATCH,
    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};


/**
 * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
 *
 * @param {string} path Path to encode
 * @returns {string}
 */
function encodePath(path) {
  var segments = path.split('/'),
      i = segments.length;

  while (i--) {
    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
  }

  return segments.join('/');
}


function matchUrl(url, obj) {
  var match = URL_MATCH.exec(url),

  match = {
      protocol: match[1],
      host: match[3],
      port: parseInt(match[5]) || DEFAULT_PORTS[match[1]] || null,
      path: match[6] || '/',
      search: match[8],
      hash: match[10]
    };

  if (obj) {
    obj.$$protocol = match.protocol;
    obj.$$host = match.host;
    obj.$$port = match.port;
  }

  return match;
}


function composeProtocolHostPort(protocol, host, port) {
  return protocol + '://' + host + (port == DEFAULT_PORTS[protocol] ? '' : ':' + port);
}


function pathPrefixFromBase(basePath) {
  return basePath.substr(0, basePath.lastIndexOf('/'));
}


function convertToHtml5Url(url, basePath, hashPrefix) {
  var match = matchUrl(url);

  // already html5 url
  if (decodeURIComponent(match.path) != basePath || isUndefined(match.hash) ||
      match.hash.indexOf(hashPrefix) != 0) {
    return url;
  // convert hashbang url -> html5 url
  } else {
    return composeProtocolHostPort(match.protocol, match.host, match.port) +
           pathPrefixFromBase(basePath) + match.hash.substr(hashPrefix.length);
  }
}


function convertToHashbangUrl(url, basePath, hashPrefix) {
  var match = matchUrl(url);

  // already hashbang url
  if (decodeURIComponent(match.path) == basePath) {
    return url;
  // convert html5 url -> hashbang url
  } else {
    var search = match.search && '?' + match.search || '',
        hash = match.hash && '#' + match.hash || '',
        pathPrefix = pathPrefixFromBase(basePath),
        path = match.path.substr(pathPrefix.length);

    if (match.path.indexOf(pathPrefix) != 0) {
      throw 'Invalid url "' + url + '", missing path prefix "' + pathPrefix + '" !';
    }

    return composeProtocolHostPort(match.protocol, match.host, match.port) + basePath +
           '#' + hashPrefix + path + search + hash;
  }
}


/**
 * LocationUrl represents an url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} url HTML5 url
 * @param {string} pathPrefix
 */
function LocationUrl(url, pathPrefix) {
  pathPrefix = pathPrefix || '';

  /**
   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
   * @param {string} url HTML5 url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var match = matchUrl(url, this);

    if (match.path.indexOf(pathPrefix) != 0) {
      throw 'Invalid url "' + url + '", missing path prefix "' + pathPrefix + '" !';
    }

    this.$$path = decodeURIComponent(match.path.substr(pathPrefix.length));
    this.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
    this.$$hash = match.hash && decodeURIComponent(match.hash) || '';

    this.$$compose();
  },

  /**
   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = composeProtocolHostPort(this.$$protocol, this.$$host, this.$$port) +
                    pathPrefix + this.$$url;
  };

  this.$$parse(url);
}


/**
 * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is disabled or not supported
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} url Legacy url
 * @param {string} hashPrefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
 */
function LocationHashbangUrl(url, hashPrefix) {
  var basePath;

  /**
   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var match = matchUrl(url, this);

    if (match.hash && match.hash.indexOf(hashPrefix) != 0) {
      throw 'Invalid url "' + url + '", missing hash prefix "' + hashPrefix + '" !';
    }

    basePath = match.path + (match.search ? '?' + match.search : '');
    match = HASH_MATCH.exec((match.hash || '').substr(hashPrefix.length));
    if (match[1]) {
      this.$$path = (match[1].charAt(0) == '/' ? '' : '/') + decodeURIComponent(match[1]);
    } else {
      this.$$path = '';
    }

    this.$$search = parseKeyValue(match[3]);
    this.$$hash = match[5] && decodeURIComponent(match[5]) || '';

    this.$$compose();
  };

  /**
   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = composeProtocolHostPort(this.$$protocol, this.$$host, this.$$port) +
                    basePath + (this.$$url ? '#' + hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
  };

  this.$$parse(url);
}


LocationUrl.prototype = LocationHashbangUrl.prototype = {

  /**
   * Has any change been replacing ?
   * @private
   */
  $$replace: false,

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#absUrl
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
   * {@link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt RFC 3986}.
   *
   * @return {string}
   */
  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#url
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
   * @return {string}
   */
  url: function(url, replace) {
    if (isUndefined(url))
      return this.$$url;

    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
    this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1] || '')).search(match[3] || '')
        .hash(match[5] || '', replace);

    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#protocol
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return protocol of current url.
   *
   * @return {string}
   */
  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#host
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return host of current url.
   *
   * @return {string}
   */
  host: locationGetter('$$host'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#port
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return port of current url.
   *
   * @return {Number}
   */
  port: locationGetter('$$port'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#path
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
   * if it is missing.
   *
   * @param {string=} path New path
   * @return {string}
   */
  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
  }),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#search
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string|object<string,string>=} search New search part - string or hash object
   * @return {string}
   */
  search: function(search, paramValue) {
    if (isUndefined(search))
      return this.$$search;

    if (isDefined(paramValue)) {
      if (paramValue === null) {
        delete this.$$search[search];
      } else {
        this.$$search[search] = encodeUriQuery(paramValue);
      }
    } else {
      this.$$search = isString(search) ? parseKeyValue(search) : search;
    }

    this.$$compose();
    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#hash
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} hash New hash fragment
   * @return {string}
   */
  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', identity),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name angular.service.$location#replace
   * @methodOf angular.service.$location
   *
   * @description
   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
   * record, instead of adding new one.
   */
  replace: function() {
    this.$$replace = true;
    return this;
  }
};


function locationGetter(property) {
  return function() {
    return this[property];
  };
}


function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
  return function(value) {
    if (isUndefined(value))
      return this[property];

    this[property] = preprocess(value);
    this.$$compose();

    return this;
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$location
 *
 * @requires $browser
 * @requires $sniffer
 * @requires $locationConfig
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @description
 * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location window.location}) and makes the URL available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
 *
 * **The $location service:**
 *
 * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
 *   - Watch and observe the URL.
 *   - Change the URL.
 * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
 *   - Changes the address bar.
 *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
 *   - Clicks on a link.
 * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
 *
 * For more information see {@link guide/dev_guide.services.$location Developer Guide: Angular Services: Using $location}
 */
angularServiceInject('$location', function($browser, $sniffer, $locationConfig, $document) {
  var scope = this, currentUrl,
      basePath = $browser.baseHref() || '/',
      pathPrefix = pathPrefixFromBase(basePath),
      hashPrefix = $locationConfig.hashPrefix || '',
      initUrl = $browser.url();

  if ($locationConfig.html5Mode) {
    if ($sniffer.history) {
      currentUrl = new LocationUrl(convertToHtml5Url(initUrl, basePath, hashPrefix), pathPrefix);
    } else {
      currentUrl = new LocationHashbangUrl(convertToHashbangUrl(initUrl, basePath, hashPrefix),
                                           hashPrefix);
    }

    // link rewriting
    var u = currentUrl,
        absUrlPrefix = composeProtocolHostPort(u.protocol(), u.host(), u.port()) + pathPrefix;

    $document.bind('click', function(event) {
      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then

      if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.which == 2) return;

      var elm = jqLite(event.target);

      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
      while (elm.length && lowercase(elm[0].nodeName) !== 'a') {
        elm = elm.parent();
      }

      var href = elm.attr('href');
      if (!href || isDefined(elm.attr('ng:ext-link')) || elm.attr('target')) return;

      // remove same domain from full url links (IE7 always returns full hrefs)
      href = href.replace(absUrlPrefix, '');

      // link to different domain (or base path)
      if (href.substr(0, 4) == 'http') return;

      // remove pathPrefix from absolute links
      href = href.indexOf(pathPrefix) === 0 ? href.substr(pathPrefix.length) : href;

      currentUrl.url(href);
      scope.$apply();
      event.preventDefault();
      // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
      window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
    });
  } else {
    currentUrl = new LocationHashbangUrl(initUrl, hashPrefix);
  }

  // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
  if (currentUrl.absUrl() != initUrl) {
    $browser.url(currentUrl.absUrl(), true);
  }

  // update $location when $browser url changes
  $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl) {
    if (currentUrl.absUrl() != newUrl) {
      currentUrl.$$parse(newUrl);
      scope.$apply();
    }
  });

  // update browser
  var changeCounter = 0;
  scope.$watch(function() {
    if ($browser.url() != currentUrl.absUrl()) {
      changeCounter++;
      scope.$evalAsync(function() {
        $browser.url(currentUrl.absUrl(), currentUrl.$$replace);
        currentUrl.$$replace = false;
      });
    }

    return changeCounter;
  });

  return currentUrl;
}, ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$locationConfig', '$document']);


angular.service('$locationConfig', function() {
  return {
    html5Mode: false,
    hashPrefix: ''
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$log
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * Simple service for logging. Default implementation writes the message
 * into the browser's console (if present).
 *
 * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
         <script>
           function LogCtrl($log) {
             this.$log = $log;
             this.message = 'Hello World!';
           }
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="LogCtrl">
           <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
           Message:
           <input type="text" ng:model="message"/>
           <button ng:click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
           <button ng:click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
           <button ng:click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
           <button ng:click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
         </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
var $logFactory; //reference to be used only in tests
angularServiceInject("$log", $logFactory = function($window){
  return {
    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$log#log
     * @methodOf angular.service.$log
     *
     * @description
     * Write a log message
     */
    log: consoleLog('log'),

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$log#warn
     * @methodOf angular.service.$log
     *
     * @description
     * Write a warning message
     */
    warn: consoleLog('warn'),

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$log#info
     * @methodOf angular.service.$log
     *
     * @description
     * Write an information message
     */
    info: consoleLog('info'),

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.service.$log#error
     * @methodOf angular.service.$log
     *
     * @description
     * Write an error message
     */
    error: consoleLog('error')
  };

  function consoleLog(type) {
    var console = $window.console || {};
    var logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop;
    if (logFn.apply) {
      return function() {
        var args = [];
        forEach(arguments, function(arg){
          args.push(formatError(arg));
        });
        return logFn.apply(console, args);
      };
    } else {
      // we are IE, in which case there is nothing we can do
      return logFn;
    }
  }
}, ['$window']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$resource
 * @requires $xhr.cache
 *
 * @description
 * A factory which creates a resource object that lets you interact with
 * [RESTful](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer) server-side data sources.
 *
 * The returned resource object has action methods which provide high-level behaviors without
 * the need to interact with the low level {@link angular.service.$xhr $xhr} service or
 * raw XMLHttpRequest.
 *
 * @param {string} url A parameterized URL template with parameters prefixed by `:` as in
 *   `/user/:username`.
 *
 * @param {Object=} paramDefaults Default values for `url` parameters. These can be overridden in
 *   `actions` methods.
 *
 *   Each key value in the parameter object is first bound to url template if present and then any
 *   excess keys are appended to the url search query after the `?`.
 *
 *   Given a template `/path/:verb` and parameter `{verb:'greet', salutation:'Hello'}` results in
 *   URL `/path/greet?salutation=Hello`.
 *
 *   If the parameter value is prefixed with `@` then the value of that parameter is extracted from
 *   the data object (useful for non-GET operations).
 *
 * @param {Object.<Object>=} actions Hash with declaration of custom action that should extend the
 *   default set of resource actions. The declaration should be created in the following format:
 *
 *       {action1: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, verifyCache:?},
 *        action2: {method:?, params:?, isArray:?, verifyCache:?},
 *        ...}
 *
 *   Where:
 *
 *   - `action` – {string} – The name of action. This name becomes the name of the method on your
 *     resource object.
 *   - `method` – {string} – HTTP request method. Valid methods are: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE`,
 *     and `JSON` (also known as JSONP).
 *   - `params` – {object=} – Optional set of pre-bound parameters for this action.
 *   - isArray – {boolean=} – If true then the returned object for this action is an array, see
 *     `returns` section.
 *   - verifyCache – {boolean=} – If true then whenever cache hit occurs, the object is returned and
 *     an async request will be made to the server and the resources as well as the cache will be
 *     updated when the response is received.
 *
 * @returns {Object} A resource "class" object with methods for the default set of resource actions
 *   optionally extended with custom `actions`. The default set contains these actions:
 *
 *       { 'get':    {method:'GET'},
 *         'save':   {method:'POST'},
 *         'query':  {method:'GET', isArray:true},
 *         'remove': {method:'DELETE'},
 *         'delete': {method:'DELETE'} };
 *
 *   Calling these methods invoke an {@link angular.service.$xhr} with the specified http method,
 *   destination and parameters. When the data is returned from the server then the object is an
 *   instance of the resource class `save`, `remove` and `delete` actions are available on it as
 *   methods with the `$` prefix. This allows you to easily perform CRUD operations (create, read,
 *   update, delete) on server-side data like this:
 *   <pre>
        var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
        var user = User.get({userId:123}, function() {
          user.abc = true;
          user.$save();
        });
     </pre>
 *
 *   It is important to realize that invoking a $resource object method immediately returns an
 *   empty reference (object or array depending on `isArray`). Once the data is returned from the
 *   server the existing reference is populated with the actual data. This is a useful trick since
 *   usually the resource is assigned to a model which is then rendered by the view. Having an empty
 *   object results in no rendering, once the data arrives from the server then the object is
 *   populated with the data and the view automatically re-renders itself showing the new data. This
 *   means that in most case one never has to write a callback function for the action methods.
 *
 *   The action methods on the class object or instance object can be invoked with the following
 *   parameters:
 *
 *   - HTTP GET "class" actions: `Resource.action([parameters], [success], [error])`
 *   - non-GET "class" actions: `Resource.action(postData, [parameters], [success], [error])`
 *   - non-GET instance actions:  `instance.$action([parameters], [success], [error])`
 *
 *
 * @example
 *
 * # Credit card resource
 *
 * <pre>
     // Define CreditCard class
     var CreditCard = $resource('/user/:userId/card/:cardId',
      {userId:123, cardId:'@id'}, {
       charge: {method:'POST', params:{charge:true}}
      });

     // We can retrieve a collection from the server
     var cards = CreditCard.query();
     // GET: /user/123/card
     // server returns: [ {id:456, number:'1234', name:'Smith'} ];

     var card = cards[0];
     // each item is an instance of CreditCard
     expect(card instanceof CreditCard).toEqual(true);
     card.name = "J. Smith";
     // non GET methods are mapped onto the instances
     card.$save();
     // POST: /user/123/card/456 {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
     // server returns: {id:456, number:'1234', name: 'J. Smith'};

     // our custom method is mapped as well.
     card.$charge({amount:9.99});
     // POST: /user/123/card/456?amount=9.99&charge=true {id:456, number:'1234', name:'J. Smith'}
     // server returns: {id:456, number:'1234', name: 'J. Smith'};

     // we can create an instance as well
     var newCard = new CreditCard({number:'0123'});
     newCard.name = "Mike Smith";
     newCard.$save();
     // POST: /user/123/card {number:'0123', name:'Mike Smith'}
     // server returns: {id:789, number:'01234', name: 'Mike Smith'};
     expect(newCard.id).toEqual(789);
 * </pre>
 *
 * The object returned from this function execution is a resource "class" which has "static" method
 * for each action in the definition.
 *
 * Calling these methods invoke `$xhr` on the `url` template with the given `method` and `params`.
 * When the data is returned from the server then the object is an instance of the resource type and
 * all of the non-GET methods are available with `$` prefix. This allows you to easily support CRUD
 * operations (create, read, update, delete) on server-side data.

   <pre>
     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
     var user = User.get({userId:123}, function() {
       user.abc = true;
       user.$save();
     });
   </pre>
 *
 *     It's worth noting that the success callback for `get`, `query` and other method gets passed
 *     in the response that came from the server, so one could rewrite the above example as:
 *
   <pre>
     var User = $resource('/user/:userId', {userId:'@id'});
     User.get({userId:123}, function(u){
       u.abc = true;
       u.$save();
     });
   </pre>

 * # Buzz client

   Let's look at what a buzz client created with the `$resource` service looks like:
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
       <script>
         function BuzzController($resource) {
           this.userId = 'googlebuzz';
           this.Activity = $resource(
             'https://www.googleapis.com/buzz/v1/activities/:userId/:visibility/:activityId/:comments',
             {alt:'json', callback:'JSON_CALLBACK'},
             {get:{method:'JSON', params:{visibility:'@self'}}, replies: {method:'JSON', params:{visibility:'@self', comments:'@comments'}}}
           );
         }

         BuzzController.prototype = {
           fetch: function() {
             this.activities = this.Activity.get({userId:this.userId});
           },
           expandReplies: function(activity) {
             activity.replies = this.Activity.replies({userId:this.userId, activityId:activity.id});
           }
         };
         BuzzController.$inject = ['$resource'];
       </script>

       <div ng:controller="BuzzController">
         <input ng:model="userId"/>
         <button ng:click="fetch()">fetch</button>
         <hr/>
         <div ng:repeat="item in activities.data.items">
           <h1 style="font-size: 15px;">
             <img src="{{item.actor.thumbnailUrl}}" style="max-height:30px;max-width:30px;"/>
             <a href="{{item.actor.profileUrl}}">{{item.actor.name}}</a>
             <a href ng:click="expandReplies(item)" style="float: right;">Expand replies: {{item.links.replies[0].count}}</a>
           </h1>
           {{item.object.content | html}}
           <div ng:repeat="reply in item.replies.data.items" style="margin-left: 20px;">
             <img src="{{reply.actor.thumbnailUrl}}" style="max-height:30px;max-width:30px;"/>
             <a href="{{reply.actor.profileUrl}}">{{reply.actor.name}}</a>: {{reply.content | html}}
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject('$resource', function($xhr){
  var resource = new ResourceFactory($xhr);
  return bind(resource, resource.route);
}, ['$xhr.cache']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$route
 * @requires $location
 * @requires $routeParams
 *
 * @property {Object} current Reference to the current route definition.
 * @property {Array.<Object>} routes Array of all configured routes.
 *
 * @description
 * Watches `$location.url()` and tries to map the path to an existing route
 * definition. It is used for deep-linking URLs to controllers and views (HTML partials).
 *
 * The `$route` service is typically used in conjunction with {@link angular.widget.ng:view ng:view}
 * widget and the {@link angular.service.$routeParams $routeParams} service.
 *
 * @example
   This example shows how changing the URL hash causes the <tt>$route</tt>
   to match a route against the URL, and the <tt>[[ng:include]]</tt> pulls in the partial.

    <doc:example>
      <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
        <script>
          function MainCntl($route, $routeParams, $location) {
            this.$route = $route;
            this.$location = $location;
            this.$routeParams = $routeParams;

            $route.when('/Book/:bookId', {template: 'examples/book.html', controller: BookCntl});
            $route.when('/Book/:bookId/ch/:chapterId', {template: 'examples/chapter.html', controller: ChapterCntl});
          }

          function BookCntl($routeParams) {
            this.name = "BookCntl";
            this.params = $routeParams;
          }

          function ChapterCntl($routeParams) {
            this.name = "ChapterCntl";
            this.params = $routeParams;
          }
        </script>

        <div ng:controller="MainCntl">
          Choose:
          <a href="#/Book/Moby">Moby</a> |
          <a href="#/Book/Moby/ch/1">Moby: Ch1</a> |
          <a href="#/Book/Gatsby">Gatsby</a> |
          <a href="#/Book/Gatsby/ch/4?key=value">Gatsby: Ch4</a><br/>
          <pre>$location.path() = {{$location.path()}}</pre>
          <pre>$route.current.template = {{$route.current.template}}</pre>
          <pre>$route.current.params = {{$route.current.params}}</pre>
          <pre>$route.current.scope.name = {{$route.current.scope.name}}</pre>
          <pre>$routeParams = {{$routeParams}}</pre>
          <hr />
          <ng:view></ng:view>
        </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject('$route', function($location, $routeParams) {
  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name angular.service.$route#$beforeRouteChange
   * @eventOf angular.service.$route
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted before a route change.
   *
   * @param {Route} next Future route information.
   * @param {Route} current Current route information.
   *
   * The `Route` object extends the route definition with the following properties.
   *
   *    * `scope` - The instance of the route controller.
   *    * `params` - The current {@link angular.service.$routeParams params}.
   *
   */

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name angular.service.$route#$afterRouteChange
   * @eventOf angular.service.$route
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted after a route change.
   *
   * @param {Route} current Current route information.
   * @param {Route} previous Previous route information.
   *
   * The `Route` object extends the route definition with the following properties.
   *
   *    * `scope` - The instance of the route controller.
   *    * `params` - The current {@link angular.service.$routeParams params}.
   *
   */

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name angular.service.$route#$routeUpdate
   * @eventOf angular.service.$route
   * @eventType emit on the current route scope
   * @description
   *
   * The `reloadOnSearch` property has been set to false, and we are reusing the same
   * instance of the Controller.
   */

  var routes = {},
      matcher = switchRouteMatcher,
      parentScope = this,
      rootScope = this,
      dirty = 0,
      forceReload = false,
      $route = {
        routes: routes,

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name angular.service.$route#parent
         * @methodOf angular.service.$route
         *
         * @param {Scope} [scope=rootScope] Scope to be used as parent for newly created
         *    `$route.current.scope` scopes.
         *
         * @description
         * Sets a scope to be used as the parent scope for scopes created on route change. If not
         * set, defaults to the root scope.
         */
        parent: function(scope) {
          if (scope) parentScope = scope;
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name angular.service.$route#when
         * @methodOf angular.service.$route
         *
         * @param {string} path Route path (matched against `$location.hash`)
         * @param {Object} route Mapping information to be assigned to `$route.current` on route
         *    match.
         *
         *    Object properties:
         *
         *    - `controller` – `{function()=}` – Controller fn that should be associated with newly
         *      created scope.
         *    - `template` – `{string=}` – path to an html template that should be used by
         *      {@link angular.widget.ng:view ng:view} or
         *      {@link angular.widget.ng:include ng:include} widgets.
         *    - `redirectTo` – {(string|function())=} – value to update
         *      {@link angular.service.$location $location} path with and trigger route redirection.
         *
         *      If `redirectTo` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
         *
         *      - `{Object.<string>}` - route parameters extracted from the current
         *        `$location.path()` by applying the current route template.
         *      - `{string}` - current `$location.path()`
         *      - `{Object}` - current `$location.search()`
         *
         *      The custom `redirectTo` function is expected to return a string which will be used
         *      to update `$location.path()` and `$location.search()`.
         *
         *    - `[reloadOnSearch=true]` - {boolean=} - reload route when only $location.search()
         *    changes.
         *
         *      If the option is set to false and url in the browser changes, then
         *      $routeUpdate event is emited on the current route scope. You can use this event to
         *      react to {@link angular.service.$routeParams} changes:
         *
         *            function MyCtrl($route, $routeParams) {
         *              this.$on('$routeUpdate', function() {
         *                // do stuff with $routeParams
         *              });
         *            }
         *
         * @returns {Object} route object
         *
         * @description
         * Adds a new route definition to the `$route` service.
         */
        when: function(path, route) {
          var routeDef = routes[path];
          if (!routeDef) routeDef = routes[path] = {reloadOnSearch: true};
          if (route) extend(routeDef, route); // TODO(im): what the heck? merge two route definitions?
          dirty++;
          return routeDef;
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name angular.service.$route#otherwise
         * @methodOf angular.service.$route
         *
         * @description
         * Sets route definition that will be used on route change when no other route definition
         * is matched.
         *
         * @param {Object} params Mapping information to be assigned to `$route.current`.
         */
        otherwise: function(params) {
          $route.when(null, params);
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name angular.service.$route#reload
         * @methodOf angular.service.$route
         *
         * @description
         * Causes `$route` service to reload (and recreate the `$route.current` scope) upon the next
         * eval even if {@link angular.service.$location $location} hasn't changed.
         */
        reload: function() {
          dirty++;
          forceReload = true;
        }
      };

  this.$watch(function() { return dirty + $location.url(); }, updateRoute);

  return $route;

  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  function switchRouteMatcher(on, when) {
    // TODO(i): this code is convoluted and inefficient, we should construct the route matching
    //   regex only once and then reuse it
    var regex = '^' + when.replace(/([\.\\\(\)\^\$])/g, "\\$1") + '$',
        params = [],
        dst = {};
    forEach(when.split(/\W/), function(param) {
      if (param) {
        var paramRegExp = new RegExp(":" + param + "([\\W])");
        if (regex.match(paramRegExp)) {
          regex = regex.replace(paramRegExp, "([^\\/]*)$1");
          params.push(param);
        }
      }
    });
    var match = on.match(new RegExp(regex));
    if (match) {
      forEach(params, function(name, index) {
        dst[name] = match[index + 1];
      });
    }
    return match ? dst : null;
  }

  function updateRoute() {
    var next = parseRoute(),
        last = $route.current,
        Controller;

    if (next && last && next.$route === last.$route
        && equals(next.pathParams, last.pathParams) && !next.reloadOnSearch && !forceReload) {
      $route.current = next;
      copy(next.params, $routeParams);
      last.scope && last.scope.$emit('$routeUpdate');
    } else {
      forceReload = false;
      rootScope.$broadcast('$beforeRouteChange', next, last);
      last && last.scope && last.scope.$destroy();
      $route.current = next;
      if (next) {
        if (next.redirectTo) {
          if (isString(next.redirectTo)) {
            $location.path(interpolate(next.redirectTo, next.params)).search(next.params)
                     .replace();
          } else {
            $location.url(next.redirectTo(next.pathParams, $location.path(), $location.search()))
                     .replace();
          }
        } else {
          copy(next.params, $routeParams);
          (Controller = next.controller) && inferInjectionArgs(Controller);
          next.scope = parentScope.$new(Controller);
        }
      }
      rootScope.$broadcast('$afterRouteChange', next, last);
    }
  }


  /**
   * @returns the current active route, by matching it against the URL
   */
  function parseRoute() {
    // Match a route
    var params, match;
    forEach(routes, function(route, path) {
      if (!match && (params = matcher($location.path(), path))) {
        match = inherit(route, {
          params: extend({}, $location.search(), params),
          pathParams: params});
        match.$route = route;
      }
    });
    // No route matched; fallback to "otherwise" route
    return match || routes[null] && inherit(routes[null], {params: {}, pathParams:{}});
  }

  /**
   * @returns interpolation of the redirect path with the parametrs
   */
  function interpolate(string, params) {
    var result = [];
    forEach((string||'').split(':'), function(segment, i) {
      if (i == 0) {
        result.push(segment);
      } else {
        var segmentMatch = segment.match(/(\w+)(.*)/);
        var key = segmentMatch[1];
        result.push(params[key]);
        result.push(segmentMatch[2] || '');
        delete params[key];
      }
    });
    return result.join('');
  }


}, ['$location', '$routeParams']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$routeParams
 * @requires $route
 *
 * @description
 * Current set of route parameters. The route parameters are a combination of the
 * {@link angular.service.$location $location} `search()`, and `path()`. The `path` parameters
 * are extracted when the {@link angular.service.$route $route} path is matched.
 *
 * In case of parameter name collision, `path` params take precedence over `search` params.
 *
 * The service guarantees that the identity of the `$routeParams` object will remain unchanged
 * (but its properties will likely change) even when a route change occurs.
 *
 * @example
 * <pre>
 *  // Given:
 *  // URL: http://server.com/index.html#/Chapter/1/Section/2?search=moby
 *  // Route: /Chapter/:chapterId/Section/:sectionId
 *  //
 *  // Then
 *  $routeParams ==> {chapterId:1, sectionId:2, search:'moby'}
 * </pre>
 */
angularService('$routeParams', function() {
  return {};
});

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$sniffer
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
 * @property {boolean} hashchange Does the browser support hashchange event ?
 *
 * @description
 * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
 */
angularServiceInject('$sniffer', function($window) {
  if ($window.Modernizr) return $window.Modernizr;

  return {
    history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState),
    hashchange: 'onhashchange' in $window &&
                // IE8 compatible mode lies
                (!$window.document.documentMode || $window.document.documentMode > 7)
  };
}, ['$window']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$window
 *
 * @description
 * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
 * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
 * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
 * `$window` service, so it may be overriden, removed or mocked for testing.
 *
 * All expressions are evaluated with respect to current scope so they don't
 * suffer from window globality.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <input ng:init="$window = $service('$window'); greeting='Hello World!'" type="text" ng:model="greeting" />
       <button ng:click="$window.alert(greeting)">ALERT</button>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject("$window", bind(window, identity, window));

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$xhr.bulk
 * @requires $xhr
 * @requires $xhr.error
 * @requires $log
 *
 * @description
 *
 * @example
 */
angularServiceInject('$xhr.bulk', function($xhr, $error, $log){
  var requests = [],
      scope = this;
  function bulkXHR(method, url, post, success, error) {
    if (isFunction(post)) {
      error = success;
      success = post;
      post = null;
    }
    var currentQueue;
    forEach(bulkXHR.urls, function(queue){
      if (isFunction(queue.match) ? queue.match(url) : queue.match.exec(url)) {
        currentQueue = queue;
      }
    });
    if (currentQueue) {
      if (!currentQueue.requests) currentQueue.requests = [];
      var request = {
          method: method,
          url: url,
          data: post,
          success: success};
      if (error) request.error = error;
      currentQueue.requests.push(request);
    } else {
      $xhr(method, url, post, success, error);
    }
  }
  bulkXHR.urls = {};
  bulkXHR.flush = function(success, errorback) {
    assertArgFn(success = success || noop, 0);
    assertArgFn(errorback = errorback || noop, 1);
    forEach(bulkXHR.urls, function(queue, url) {
      var currentRequests = queue.requests;
      if (currentRequests && currentRequests.length) {
        queue.requests = [];
        queue.callbacks = [];
        $xhr('POST', url, {requests: currentRequests},
          function(code, response) {
            forEach(response, function(response, i) {
              try {
                if (response.status == 200) {
                  (currentRequests[i].success || noop)(response.status, response.response);
                } else if (isFunction(currentRequests[i].error)) {
                    currentRequests[i].error(response.status, response.response);
                } else {
                  $error(currentRequests[i], response);
                }
              } catch(e) {
                $log.error(e);
              }
            });
            success();
          },
          function(code, response) {
            forEach(currentRequests, function(request, i) {
              try {
                if (isFunction(request.error)) {
                  request.error(code, response);
                } else {
                  $error(request, response);
                }
              } catch(e) {
                $log.error(e);
              }
            });
            noop();
          });
      }
    });
  };
  this.$watch(function() { bulkXHR.flush(); });
  return bulkXHR;
}, ['$xhr', '$xhr.error', '$log']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$xhr.cache
 * @function
 *
 * @requires $xhr.bulk
 * @requires $defer
 * @requires $xhr.error
 * @requires $log
 *
 * @description
 * Acts just like the {@link angular.service.$xhr $xhr} service but caches responses for `GET`
 * requests. All cache misses are delegated to the $xhr service.
 *
 * @property {function()} delegate Function to delegate all the cache misses to. Defaults to
 *   the {@link angular.service.$xhr $xhr} service.
 * @property {object} data The hashmap where all cached entries are stored.
 *
 * @param {string} method HTTP method.
 * @param {string} url Destination URL.
 * @param {(string|Object)=} post Request body.
 * @param {function(number, (string|Object))} success Response success callback.
 * @param {function(number, (string|Object))=} error Response error callback.
 * @param {boolean=} [verifyCache=false] If `true` then a result is immediately returned from cache
 *   (if present) while a request is sent to the server for a fresh response that will update the
 *   cached entry. The `success` function will be called when the response is received.
 * @param {boolean=} [sync=false] in case of cache hit execute `success` synchronously.
 */
angularServiceInject('$xhr.cache', function($xhr, $defer, $error, $log) {
  var inflight = {}, self = this;
  function cache(method, url, post, success, error, verifyCache, sync) {
    if (isFunction(post)) {
      if (!isFunction(success)) {
        verifyCache = success;
        sync = error;
        error = null;
      } else {
        sync = verifyCache;
        verifyCache = error;
        error = success;
      }
      success = post;
      post = null;
    } else if (!isFunction(error)) {
      sync = verifyCache;
      verifyCache = error;
      error = null;
    }

    if (method == 'GET') {
      var data, dataCached;
      if ((dataCached = cache.data[url])) {

        if (sync) {
          success(200, copy(dataCached.value));
        } else {
          $defer(function() { success(200, copy(dataCached.value)); });
        }

        if (!verifyCache)
          return;
      }

      if ((data = inflight[url])) {
        data.successes.push(success);
        data.errors.push(error);
      } else {
        inflight[url] = {successes: [success], errors: [error]};
        cache.delegate(method, url, post,
          function(status, response) {
            if (status == 200)
              cache.data[url] = {value: response};
            var successes = inflight[url].successes;
            delete inflight[url];
            forEach(successes, function(success) {
              try {
                (success||noop)(status, copy(response));
              } catch(e) {
                $log.error(e);
              }
            });
          },
          function(status, response) {
            var errors = inflight[url].errors,
                successes = inflight[url].successes;
            delete inflight[url];

            forEach(errors, function(error, i) {
              try {
                if (isFunction(error)) {
                  error(status, copy(response));
                } else {
                  $error(
                    {method: method, url: url, data: post, success: successes[i]},
                    {status: status, body: response});
                }
              } catch(e) {
                $log.error(e);
              }
            });
          });
      }

    } else {
      cache.data = {};
      cache.delegate(method, url, post, success, error);
    }
  }
  cache.data = {};
  cache.delegate = $xhr;
  return cache;
}, ['$xhr.bulk', '$defer', '$xhr.error', '$log']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$xhr.error
 * @function
 * @requires $log
 *
 * @description
 * Error handler for {@link angular.service.$xhr $xhr service}. An application can replaces this
 * service with one specific for the application. The default implementation logs the error to
 * {@link angular.service.$log $log.error}.
 *
 * @param {Object} request Request object.
 *
 *   The object has the following properties
 *
 *   - `method` – `{string}` – The http request method.
 *   - `url` – `{string}` – The request destination.
 *   - `data` – `{(string|Object)=} – An optional request body.
 *   - `success` – `{function()}` – The success callback function
 *
 * @param {Object} response Response object.
 *
 *   The response object has the following properties:
 *
 *   - status – {number} – Http status code.
 *   - body – {string|Object} – Body of the response.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        fetch a non-existent file and log an error in the console:
        <button ng:click="$service('$xhr')('GET', '/DOESNT_EXIST')">fetch</button>
      </doc:source>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject('$xhr.error', function($log){
  return function(request, response){
    $log.error('ERROR: XHR: ' + request.url, request, response);
  };
}, ['$log']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$xhr
 * @function
 * @requires $browser $xhr delegates all XHR requests to the `$browser.xhr()`. A mock version
 *                    of the $browser exists which allows setting expectations on XHR requests
 *                    in your tests
 * @requires $xhr.error $xhr delegates all non `2xx` response code to this service.
 * @requires $log $xhr delegates all exceptions to `$log.error()`.
 *
 * @description
 * Generates an XHR request. The $xhr service delegates all requests to
 * {@link angular.service.$browser $browser.xhr()} and adds error handling and security features.
 * While $xhr service provides nicer api than raw XmlHttpRequest, it is still considered a lower
 * level api in angular. For a higher level abstraction that utilizes `$xhr`, please check out the
 * {@link angular.service.$resource $resource} service.
 *
 * # Error handling
 * If no `error callback` is specified, XHR response with response code other then `2xx` will be
 * delegated to {@link angular.service.$xhr.error $xhr.error}. The `$xhr.error` can intercept the
 * request and process it in application specific way, or resume normal execution by calling the
 * request `success` method.
 *
 * # HTTP Headers
 * The $xhr service will automatically add certain http headers to all requests. These defaults can
 * be fully configured by accessing the `$xhr.defaults.headers` configuration object, which
 * currently contains this default configuration:
 *
 * - `$xhr.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
 *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, *\/*`
 *   - `X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest`
 * - `$xhr.defaults.headers.post` (header defaults for HTTP POST requests):
 *   - `Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
 *
 * To add or overwrite these defaults, simple add or remove a property from this configuration
 * object. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST, simple create a new object with name
 * equal to the lowercased http method name, e.g. `$xhr.defaults.headers.get['My-Header']='value'`.
 *
 *
 * # Security Considerations
 * When designing web applications your design needs to consider security threats from
 * {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
 * JSON Vulnerability} and {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF}.
 * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
 * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
 * cooperation is required.
 *
 * ## JSON Vulnerability Protection
 * A {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
 * JSON Vulnerability} allows third party web-site to turn your JSON resource URL into
 * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#JSONP JSONP} request under some conditions. To
 * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
 * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
 *
 * For example if your server needs to return:
 * <pre>
 * ['one','two']
 * </pre>
 *
 * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
 * <pre>
 * )]}',
 * ['one','two']
 * </pre>
 *
 * angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
 *
 *
 * ## Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
 * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF} is a technique by which an
 * unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides following mechanism to
 * counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $xhr service reads a token from a cookie
 * called `XSRF-TOKEN` and sets it as the HTTP header `X-XSRF-TOKEN`. Since only JavaScript that
 * runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that the XHR came from
 * JavaScript running on your domain.
 *
 * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
 * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on first HTTP GET request. On subsequent non-GET requests the server
 * can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure that only
 * JavaScript running on your domain could have read the token. The token must be unique for each
 * user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript making up its own tokens).
 * We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's authentication cookie with
 * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table salt for added security}.
 *
 * @param {string} method HTTP method to use. Valid values are: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE`, and
 *   `JSON`. `JSON` is a special case which causes a
 *   [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#JSONP) cross domain request using script tag
 *   insertion.
 * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.  For
 *   `JSON` requests, `url` should include `JSON_CALLBACK` string to be replaced with a name of an
 *   angular generated callback function.
 * @param {(string|Object)=} post Request content as either a string or an object to be stringified
 *   as JSON before sent to the server.
 * @param {function(number, (string|Object))} success A function to be called when the response is
 *   received. The success function will be called with:
 *
 *   - {number} code [HTTP status code](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes) of
 *     the response. This will currently always be 200, since all non-200 responses are routed to
 *     {@link angular.service.$xhr.error} service (or custom error callback).
 *   - {string|Object} response Response object as string or an Object if the response was in JSON
 *     format.
 * @param {function(number, (string|Object))} error A function to be called if the response code is
 *   not 2xx.. Accepts the same arguments as success, above.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
       <script>
         function FetchCntl($xhr) {
           var self = this;
           this.url = 'index.html';

           this.fetch = function() {
             self.code = null;
             self.response = null;

             $xhr(self.method, self.url, function(code, response) {
               self.code = code;
               self.response = response;
             }, function(code, response) {
               self.code = code;
               self.response = response || "Request failed";
             });
           };

           this.updateModel = function(method, url) {
             self.method = method;
             self.url = url;
           };
         }
         FetchCntl.$inject = ['$xhr'];
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="FetchCntl">
         <select ng:model="method">
           <option>GET</option>
           <option>JSON</option>
         </select>
         <input type="text" ng:model="url" size="80"/>
         <button ng:click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
         <button ng:click="updateModel('GET', 'index.html')">Sample GET</button>
         <button ng:click="updateModel('JSON', 'http://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">Sample JSONP</button>
         <button ng:click="updateModel('JSON', 'http://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">Invalid JSONP</button>
         <pre>code={{code}}</pre>
         <pre>response={{response}}</pre>
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should make xhr GET request', function() {
         element(':button:contains("Sample GET")').click();
         element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
         expect(binding('code')).toBe('code=200');
         expect(binding('response')).toMatch(/angularjs.org/);
       });

       it('should make JSONP request to the angularjs.org', function() {
         element(':button:contains("Sample JSONP")').click();
         element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
         expect(binding('code')).toBe('code=200');
         expect(binding('response')).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
       });

       it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
           function() {
         element(':button:contains("Invalid JSONP")').click();
         element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
         expect(binding('code')).toBe('code=');
         expect(binding('response')).toBe('response=Request failed');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularServiceInject('$xhr', function($browser, $error, $log){
  var rootScope = this;
  var xhrHeaderDefaults = {
    common: {
      "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
      "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    },
    post: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
    get: {},      // all these empty properties are needed so that client apps can just do:
    head: {},     // $xhr.defaults.headers.head.foo="bar" without having to create head object
    put: {},      // it also means that if we add a header for these methods in the future, it
    'delete': {}, // won't be easily silently lost due to an object assignment.
    patch: {}
  };

  function xhr(method, url, post, success, error) {
    if (isFunction(post)) {
      error = success;
      success = post;
      post = null;
    }
    if (post && isObject(post)) {
      post = toJson(post);
    }

    $browser.xhr(method, url, post, function(code, response){
      try {
        if (isString(response)) {
          if (response.match(/^\)\]\}',\n/)) response=response.substr(6);
          if (/^\s*[\[\{]/.exec(response) && /[\}\]]\s*$/.exec(response)) {
            response = fromJson(response, true);
          }
        }
        rootScope.$apply(function() {
          if (200 <= code && code < 300) {
              success(code, response);
          } else if (isFunction(error)) {
            error(code, response);
          } else {
            $error(
              {method: method, url: url, data: post, success: success},
              {status: code, body: response});
          }
        });
      } catch (e) {
        $log.error(e);
      }
    }, extend({'X-XSRF-TOKEN': $browser.cookies()['XSRF-TOKEN']},
              xhrHeaderDefaults.common,
              xhrHeaderDefaults[lowercase(method)]));
  }

  xhr.defaults = {headers: xhrHeaderDefaults};

  return xhr;
}, ['$browser', '$xhr.error', '$log']);

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name angular.service.$locale
 *
 * @description
 * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
 * only public api is:
 *
 * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
 */
angularServiceInject('$locale', function() {
  return {
    id: 'en-us',

    NUMBER_FORMATS: {
      DECIMAL_SEP: '.',
      GROUP_SEP: ',',
      PATTERNS: [
        { // Decimal Pattern
          minInt: 1,
          minFrac: 0,
          maxFrac: 3,
          posPre: '',
          posSuf: '',
          negPre: '-',
          negSuf: '',
          gSize: 3,
          lgSize: 3
        },{ //Currency Pattern
          minInt: 1,
          minFrac: 2,
          maxFrac: 2,
          posPre: '\u00A4',
          posSuf: '',
          negPre: '(\u00A4',
          negSuf: ')',
          gSize: 3,
          lgSize: 3
        }
      ],
      CURRENCY_SYM: '$'
    },

    DATETIME_FORMATS: {
      MONTH: 'January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December'
              .split(','),
      SHORTMONTH:  'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'.split(','),
      DAY: 'Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday'.split(','),
      SHORTDAY: 'Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat'.split(','),
      AMPMS: ['AM','PM'],
      medium: 'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a',
      short: 'M/d/yy h:mm a',
      fullDate: 'EEEE, MMMM d, y',
      longDate: 'MMMM d, y',
      mediumDate: 'MMM d, y',
      shortDate: 'M/d/yy',
      mediumTime: 'h:mm:ss a',
      shortTime: 'h:mm a'
    },

    pluralCat: function(num) {
      if (num === 1) {
        return 'one';
      }
      return 'other';
    }
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.directive
 * @description
 *
 * Angular directives create custom attributes for DOM elements. A directive can modify the
 * behavior of the element in which it is specified. Do not use directives to add elements to the
 * DOM; instead, use {@link angular.widget widgets} to add DOM elements.
 *
 * Following is the list of built-in Angular directives:
 *
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:autobind ng:autobind} - An Angular bootstrap parameter that can
 * act as a directive.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:bind ng:bind} - Creates a data-binding between an HTML text value
 * and a data model.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:bind-attr ng:bind-attr} - Creates a data-binding in a way similar
 * to `ng:bind`, but uses JSON key / value pairs to do so.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:bind-template ng:bind-template} - Replaces the text value of an
 * element with a specified template.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:class ng:class} - Conditionally set a CSS class on an element.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:class-even ng:class-even} - Like `ng:class`, but works in
 * conjunction with {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat} to affect even rows in a collection.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:class-odd ng:class-odd} - Like `ng:class`, but works with {@link
 * angular.widget.@ng:repeat}  to affect odd rows.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:click ng:click} - Executes custom behavior when an element is
 * clicked.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:controller ng:controller} - Creates a scope object linked to the
 * DOM element and assigns behavior to the scope.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:hide ng:hide} - Conditionally hides a portion of HTML.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:href ng:href} - Places an href in the Angular namespace.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:init} - Initialization tasks run before a template is executed.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:show ng:show} - Conditionally displays a portion of HTML.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:src ng:src} - Places a `src` attribute into the Angular namespace.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:style ng:style} - Conditionally set CSS styles on an element.
 * * {@link angular.directive.ng:submit} - Binds Angular expressions to `onSubmit` events.
 *
 * For more information about how Angular directives work, and to learn how to create your own
 * directives, see {@link guide/dev_guide.compiler.directives Understanding Angular Directives} in
 * the Angular Developer Guide.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:init
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:init` attribute specifies initialization tasks to be executed
 *  before the template enters execution mode during bootstrap.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to eval.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
    <div ng:init="greeting='Hello'; person='World'">
      {{greeting}} {{person}}!
    </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check greeting', function() {
         expect(binding('greeting')).toBe('Hello');
         expect(binding('person')).toBe('World');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:init", function(expression){
  return function(element){
    this.$eval(expression);
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:controller
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:controller` directive assigns behavior to a scope. This is a key aspect of how angular
 * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
 *
 * MVC components in angular:
 *
 * * Model — The Model is data in scope properties; scopes are attached to the DOM.
 * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) is rendered into the View.
 * * Controller — The `ng:controller` directive specifies a Controller class; the class has
 *   methods that typically express the business logic behind the application.
 *
 * Note that an alternative way to define controllers is via the `{@link angular.service.$route}`
 * service.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression Name of a globally accessible constructor function or an
 *     {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression} that on the current scope evaluates to a
 *     constructor function.
 *
 * @example
 * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
 * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
 * easily be called from the angular markup. Notice that the scope becomes the `this` for the
 * controller's instance. This allows for easy access to the view data from the controller. Also
 * notice that any changes to the data are automatically reflected in the View without the need
 * for a manual update.
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        function SettingsController() {
          this.name = "John Smith";
          this.contacts = [
            {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
            {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
        }
        SettingsController.prototype = {
         greet: function() {
           alert(this.name);
         },
         addContact: function() {
           this.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
         },
         removeContact: function(contactToRemove) {
           angular.Array.remove(this.contacts, contactToRemove);
         },
         clearContact: function(contact) {
           contact.type = 'phone';
           contact.value = '';
         }
        };
      </script>
      <div ng:controller="SettingsController">
        Name: <input type="text" ng:model="name"/>
        [ <a href="" ng:click="greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
        Contact:
        <ul>
          <li ng:repeat="contact in contacts">
            <select ng:model="contact.type">
               <option>phone</option>
               <option>email</option>
            </select>
            <input type="text" ng:model="contact.value"/>
            [ <a href="" ng:click="clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
            | <a href="" ng:click="removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
          </li>
          <li>[ <a href="" ng:click="addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
       </ul>
      </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check controller', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live div>:input').val()).toBe('John Smith');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:nth-child(1) input').val())
           .toBe('408 555 1212');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:nth-child(2) input').val())
           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');

         element('.doc-example-live li:first a:contains("clear")').click();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:first input').val()).toBe('');

         element('.doc-example-live li:last a:contains("add")').click();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:nth-child(3) input').val())
           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:controller", function(expression){
  this.scope(function(scope){
    var Controller =
      getter(scope, expression, true) ||
      getter(window, expression, true);
    assertArgFn(Controller, expression);
    inferInjectionArgs(Controller);
    return Controller;
  });
  return noop;
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:bind
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:bind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
 * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
 * expression changes.
 *
 * Typically, you don't use `ng:bind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
 * `{{ expression }}` and let the Angular compiler transform it to
 * `<span ng:bind="expression"></span>` when the template is compiled.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to evaluate.
 *
 * @example
 * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.name = 'Whirled';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         Enter name: <input type="text" ng:model="name"> <br/>
         Hello <span ng:bind="name"></span>!
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:bind', function() {
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).toBe('Whirled');
         using('.doc-example-live').input('name').enter('world');
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).toBe('world');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:bind", function(expression, element){
  element.addClass('ng-binding');
  var exprFn = parser(expression).statements();
  return function(element) {
    var lastValue = Number.NaN;
    this.$watch(function(scope) {
      // TODO(misko): remove error handling https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/347
      var value, html, isHtml, isDomElement,
          hadOwnElement = scope.hasOwnProperty('$element'),
          oldElement = scope.$element;
      // TODO(misko): get rid of $element https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/348
      scope.$element = element;
      try {
        value = exprFn(scope);
        // If we are HTML than save the raw HTML data so that we don't recompute sanitization since
        // it is expensive.
        // TODO(misko): turn this into a more generic way to compute this
        if ((isHtml = (value instanceof HTML)))
          value = (html = value).html;
        if (lastValue === value) return;
        isDomElement = isElement(value);
        if (!isHtml && !isDomElement && isObject(value)) {
          value = toJson(value, true);
        }
        if (value != lastValue) {
          lastValue = value;
          if (isHtml) {
            element.html(html.get());
          } else if (isDomElement) {
            element.html('');
            element.append(value);
          } else {
            element.text(value == undefined ? '' : value);
          }
        }
      } catch (e) {
        scope.$service('$exceptionHandler')(e);
      } finally {
        if (hadOwnElement) {
          scope.$element = oldElement;
        } else {
          delete scope.$element;
        }
      }
    });
  };
});

var bindTemplateCache = {};
function compileBindTemplate(template){
  var fn = bindTemplateCache[template];
  if (!fn) {
    var bindings = [];
    forEach(parseBindings(template), function(text){
      var exp = binding(text);
      bindings.push(exp
        ? function(scope, element) { return scope.$eval(exp); }
        : function() { return text; });
    });
    bindTemplateCache[template] = fn = function(scope, element, prettyPrintJson) {
      var parts = [],
          hadOwnElement = scope.hasOwnProperty('$element'),
          oldElement = scope.$element;

      // TODO(misko): get rid of $element
      scope.$element = element;
      try {
        for (var i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
          var value = bindings[i](scope, element);
          if (isElement(value))
            value = '';
          else if (isObject(value))
            value = toJson(value, prettyPrintJson);
          parts.push(value);
        }
        return parts.join('');
      } finally {
        if (hadOwnElement) {
          scope.$element = oldElement;
        } else {
          delete scope.$element;
        }
      }
    };
  }
  return fn;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:bind-template
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:bind-template` attribute specifies that the element
 * text should be replaced with the template in ng:bind-template.
 * Unlike ng:bind the ng:bind-template can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
 * expressions. (This is required since some HTML elements
 * can not have SPAN elements such as TITLE, or OPTION to name a few.)
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {string} template of form
 *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
 *
 * @example
 * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.salutation = 'Hello';
           this.name = 'World';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
        Salutation: <input type="text" ng:model="salutation"><br/>
        Name: <input type="text" ng:model="name"><br/>
        <pre ng:bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:bind', function() {
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('{{salutation}} {{name}}')).
           toBe('Hello World!');
         using('.doc-example-live').input('salutation').enter('Greetings');
         using('.doc-example-live').input('name').enter('user');
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('{{salutation}} {{name}}')).
           toBe('Greetings user!');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:bind-template", function(expression, element){
  element.addClass('ng-binding');
  var templateFn = compileBindTemplate(expression);
  return function(element) {
    var lastValue;
    this.$watch(function(scope) {
      var value = templateFn(scope, element, true);
      if (value != lastValue) {
        element.text(value);
        lastValue = value;
      }
    });
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:bind-attr
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:bind-attr` attribute specifies that a
 * {@link guide/dev_guide.templates.databinding databinding}  should be created between a particular
 * element attribute and a given expression. Unlike `ng:bind`, the `ng:bind-attr` contains one or
 * more JSON key value pairs; each pair specifies an attribute and the
 * {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression} to which it will be mapped.
 *
 * Instead of writing `ng:bind-attr` statements in your HTML, you can use double-curly markup to
 * specify an <tt ng:non-bindable>{{expression}}</tt> for the value of an attribute.
 * At compile time, the attribute is translated into an
 * `<span ng:bind-attr="{attr:expression}"></span>`.
 *
 * The following HTML snippet shows how to specify `ng:bind-attr`:
 * <pre>
 *   <a ng:bind-attr='{"href":"http://www.google.com/search?q={{query}}"}'>Google</a>
 * </pre>
 *
 * This is cumbersome, so as we mentioned using double-curly markup is a prefered way of creating
 * this binding:
 * <pre>
 *   <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q={{query}}">Google</a>
 * </pre>
 *
 * During compilation, the template with attribute markup gets translated to the ng:bind-attr form
 * mentioned above.
 *
 * _Note_: You might want to consider using {@link angular.directive.ng:href ng:href} instead of
 * `href` if the binding is present in the main application template (`index.html`) and you want to
 * make sure that a user is not capable of clicking on raw/uncompiled link.
 *
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {string} attribute_json one or more JSON key-value pairs representing
 *    the attributes to replace with expressions. Each key matches an attribute
 *    which needs to be replaced. Each value is a text template of
 *    the attribute with the embedded
 *    <tt ng:non-bindable>{{expression}}</tt>s. Any number of
 *    key-value pairs can be specified.
 *
 * @example
 * Enter a search string in the Live Preview text box and then click "Google". The search executes instantly.
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.query = 'AngularJS';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
        Google for:
        <input type="text" ng:model="query"/>
        <a ng:bind-attr='{"href":"http://www.google.com/search?q={{query}}"}'>
          Google
        </a> (ng:bind-attr) |
        <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q={{query}}">Google</a>
        (curly binding in attribute val)
       </div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:bind-attr', function() {
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').element('a').attr('href')).
           toBe('http://www.google.com/search?q=AngularJS');
         using('.doc-example-live').input('query').enter('google');
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').element('a').attr('href')).
           toBe('http://www.google.com/search?q=google');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:bind-attr", function(expression){
  return function(element){
    var lastValue = {};
    this.$watch(function(scope){
      var values = scope.$eval(expression);
      for(var key in values) {
        var value = compileBindTemplate(values[key])(scope, element);
        if (lastValue[key] !== value) {
          lastValue[key] = value;
          element.attr(key, BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(key)] ? toBoolean(value) : value);
        }
      }
    });
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:click
 *
 * @description
 * The ng:click allows you to specify custom behavior when
 * element is clicked.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to evaluate upon
 * click.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
      <button ng:click="count = count + 1" ng:init="count=0">
        Increment
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:click', function() {
         expect(binding('count')).toBe('0');
         element('.doc-example-live :button').click();
         expect(binding('count')).toBe('1');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
/*
 * A directive that allows creation of custom onclick handlers that are defined as angular
 * expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
 *
 * Events that are handled via these handler are always configured not to propagate further.
 *
 * TODO: maybe we should consider allowing users to control event propagation in the future.
 */
angularDirective("ng:click", function(expression, element){
  return function(element){
    var self = this;
    element.bind('click', function(event){
      self.$apply(expression);
      event.stopPropagation();
    });
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:submit
 *
 * @description
 * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
 *
 * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
 * server and reloading the current page).
 *
 * @element form
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to eval.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
      <script>
        function Ctrl() {
          this.list = [];
          this.text = 'hello';
          this.submit = function() {
            this.list.push(this.text);
            this.text = '';
          };
        }
      </script>
      <form ng:submit="submit()" ng:controller="Ctrl">
        Enter text and hit enter:
        <input type="text" ng:model="text"/>
        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
      </form>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:submit', function() {
         expect(binding('list')).toBe('list=[]');
         element('.doc-example-live #submit').click();
         expect(binding('list')).toBe('list=["hello"]');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:submit", function(expression, element) {
  return function(element) {
    var self = this;
    element.bind('submit', function(event) {
      self.$apply(expression);
      event.preventDefault();
    });
  };
});


function ngClass(selector) {
  return function(expression, element) {
    return function(element) {
      this.$watch(expression, function(scope, newVal, oldVal) {
        if (selector(scope.$index)) {
          if (oldVal) element.removeClass(isArray(oldVal) ? oldVal.join(' ') : oldVal);
          if (newVal) element.addClass(isArray(newVal) ? newVal.join(' ') : newVal);
        }
      });
    };
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:class
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:class` allows you to set CSS class on HTML element dynamically by databinding an
 * expression that represents all classes to be added.
 *
 * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
 *
 * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then the classes
 * new classes are added.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
      <input type="button" value="set" ng:click="myVar='ng-input-indicator-wait'">
      <input type="button" value="clear" ng:click="myVar=''">
      <br>
      <span ng:class="myVar">Sample Text &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:class', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).not().
           toMatch(/ng-input-indicator-wait/);

         using('.doc-example-live').element(':button:first').click();

         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-input-indicator-wait/);

         using('.doc-example-live').element(':button:last').click();

         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).not().
           toMatch(/ng-input-indicator-wait/);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:class", ngClass(function() {return true;}));

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:class-odd
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:class-odd` and `ng:class-even` works exactly as
 * {@link angular.directive.ng:class ng:class}, except it works in conjunction with `ng:repeat` and
 * takes affect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within a scope of an
 * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        <ol ng:init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng:repeat="name in names">
           <span ng:class-odd="'ng-format-negative'"
                 ng:class-even="'ng-input-indicator-wait'">
             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:class-odd and ng:class-even', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:first span').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-format-negative/);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:last span').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-input-indicator-wait/);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:class-odd", ngClass(function(i){return i % 2 === 0;}));

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:class-even
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:class-odd` and `ng:class-even` works exactly as
 * {@link angular.directive.ng:class ng:class}, except it works in conjunction with `ng:repeat` and
 * takes affect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within a scope of an
 * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        <ol ng:init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng:repeat="name in names">
           <span ng:class-odd="'ng-format-negative'"
                 ng:class-even="'ng-input-indicator-wait'">
             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:class-odd and ng:class-even', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:first span').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-format-negative/);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:last span').prop('className')).
           toMatch(/ng-input-indicator-wait/);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:class-even", ngClass(function(i){return i % 2 === 1;}));

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:show
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:show` and `ng:hide` directives show or hide a portion of the DOM tree (HTML)
 * conditionally.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression If the {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression} is truthy
 *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
        Show: <span ng:show="checked">I show up when your checkbox is checked.</span> <br/>
        Hide: <span ng:hide="checked">I hide when your checkbox is checked.</span>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:show / ng:hide', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:visible').count()).toEqual(1);

         input('checked').check();

         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:show", function(expression, element){
  return function(element){
    this.$watch(expression, function(scope, value){
      element.css('display', toBoolean(value) ? '' : 'none');
    });
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:hide
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:hide` and `ng:show` directives hide or show a portion
 * of the HTML conditionally.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression If the {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions expression} truthy then
 *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
        Show: <span ng:show="checked">I show up when you checkbox is checked?</span> <br/>
        Hide: <span ng:hide="checked">I hide when you checkbox is checked?</span>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:show / ng:hide', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:visible').count()).toEqual(1);

         input('checked').check();

         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:hide", function(expression, element){
  return function(element){
    this.$watch(expression, function(scope, value){
      element.css('display', toBoolean(value) ? 'none' : '');
    });
  };
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:style
 *
 * @description
 * The ng:style allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} expression {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions Expression} which evals to an
 *      object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
 *      keys.
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        <input type="button" value="set" ng:click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
        <input type="button" value="clear" ng:click="myStyle={}">
        <br/>
        <span ng:style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:style', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)');
         element('.doc-example-live :button[value=set]').click();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
         element('.doc-example-live :button[value=clear]').click();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)');
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 */
angularDirective("ng:style", function(expression, element) {
  return function(element) {
    this.$watch(expression, function(scope, newStyles, oldStyles) {
      if (oldStyles) forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
      if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
    });
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:cloak
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:cloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
 * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
 * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
 *
 * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but typically a fine-grained application is
 * prefered in order to benefit from progressive rendering of the browser view.
 *
 * `ng:cloak` works in cooperation with a css rule that is embedded within `angular.js` and
 *  `angular.min.js` files. Following is the css rule:
 *
 * <pre>
 * [ng\:cloak], .ng-cloak {
 *   display: none;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
 * are tagged with the `ng:cloak` directive are hidden. When Angular comes across this directive
 * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ng:cloak` element attribute, which
 * makes the compiled element visible.
 *
 * For the best result, `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html file;
 * alternatively, the css rule (above) must be included in the external stylesheet of the
 * application.
 *
 * Legacy browsers, like IE7, do not provide attribute selector support (added in CSS 2.1) so they
 * cannot match the `[ng\:cloak]` selector. To work around this limitation, you must add the css
 * class `ng-cloak` in addition to `ng:cloak` directive as shown in the example below.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
        <div id="template1" ng:cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
        <div id="template2" ng:cloak class="ng-cloak">{{ 'hello IE7' }}</div>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live #template1').attr('ng:cloak')).
           not().toBeDefined();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live #template2').attr('ng:cloak')).
           not().toBeDefined();
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
 *
 */
angularDirective("ng:cloak", function(expression, element) {
  element.removeAttr('ng:cloak');
  element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
});

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.markup
 * @description
 *
 * Angular markup transforms the content of DOM elements or portions of the content into other
 * text or DOM elements for further compilation.
 *
 * Markup extensions do not themselves produce linking functions. Think of markup as a way to
 * produce shorthand for a {@link angular.widget widget} or a {@link angular.directive directive}.
 *
 * The most prominent example of a markup in Angular is the built-in, double curly markup
 * `{{expression}}`, which is shorthand for `<span ng:bind="expression"></span>`.
 *
 * Create custom markup like this:
 *
 * <pre>
 *   angular.markup('newMarkup', function(text, textNode, parentElement){
 *     //tranformation code
 *   });
 * </pre>
 *
 * For more information, see {@link guide/dev_guide.compiler.markup Understanding Angular Markup}
 * in the Angular Developer Guide.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.attrMarkup
 * @description
 *
 * Attribute markup allows you to modify the state of an attribute's text.
 *
 * Attribute markup extends the Angular complier in a way similar to {@link angular.markup},
 * which allows you to modify the content of a node.
 *
 * The most prominent example of an attribute markup in Angular is the built-in double curly markup
 * which is a shorthand for {@link angular.directive.ng:bind-attr ng:bind-attr}.
 *
 * ## Example
 *
 * <pre>
 *   angular.attrMarkup('newAttrMarkup', function(attrValue, attrName, element){
 *     //tranformation code
 *   });
 * </pre>
 *
 * For more information about Angular attribute markup, see {@link guide/dev_guide.compiler.markup
 * Understanding Angular Markup} in the Angular Developer Guide.
 */

function parseBindings(string) {
  var results = [];
  var lastIndex = 0;
  var index;
  while((index = string.indexOf('{{', lastIndex)) > -1) {
    if (lastIndex < index)
      results.push(string.substr(lastIndex, index - lastIndex));
    lastIndex = index;

    index = string.indexOf('}}', index);
    index = index < 0 ? string.length : index + 2;

    results.push(string.substr(lastIndex, index - lastIndex));
    lastIndex = index;
  }
  if (lastIndex != string.length)
    results.push(string.substr(lastIndex, string.length - lastIndex));
  return results.length === 0 ? [ string ] : results;
}

function binding(string) {
  var binding = string.replace(/\n/gm, ' ').match(/^\{\{(.*)\}\}$/);
  return binding ? binding[1] : null;
}

function hasBindings(bindings) {
  return bindings.length > 1 || binding(bindings[0]) !== null;
}

angularTextMarkup('{{}}', function(text, textNode, parentElement) {
  var bindings = parseBindings(text),
      self = this;
  if (hasBindings(bindings)) {
    if (isLeafNode(parentElement[0])) {
      parentElement.attr('ng:bind-template', text);
    } else {
      var cursor = textNode, newElement;
      forEach(parseBindings(text), function(text){
        var exp = binding(text);
        if (exp) {
          newElement = jqLite('<span>');
          newElement.attr('ng:bind', exp);
        } else {
          newElement = jqLite(document.createTextNode(text));
        }
        if (msie && text.charAt(0) == ' ') {
          newElement = jqLite('<span>&nbsp;</span>');
          var nbsp = newElement.html();
          newElement.text(text.substr(1));
          newElement.html(nbsp + newElement.html());
        }
        cursor.after(newElement);
        cursor = newElement;
      });
      textNode.remove();
    }
  }
});

/**
 * This tries to normalize the behavior of value attribute across browsers. If value attribute is
 * not specified, then specify it to be that of the text.
 */
angularTextMarkup('option', function(text, textNode, parentElement){
  if (lowercase(nodeName_(parentElement)) == 'option') {
    if (msie <= 7) {
      // In IE7 The issue is that there is no way to see if the value was specified hence
      // we have to resort to parsing HTML;
      htmlParser(parentElement[0].outerHTML, {
        start: function(tag, attrs) {
          if (isUndefined(attrs.value)) {
            parentElement.attr('value', text);
          }
        }
      });
    } else if (parentElement[0].getAttribute('value') == null) {
      // jQuery does normalization on 'value' so we have to bypass it.
      parentElement.attr('value', text);
    }
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:href
 *
 * @description
 * Using <angular/> markup like {{hash}} in an href attribute makes
 * the page open to a wrong URL, if the user clicks that link before
 * angular has a chance to replace the {{hash}} with actual URL, the
 * link will be broken and will most likely return a 404 error.
 * The `ng:href` solves this problem by placing the `href` in the
 * `ng:` namespace.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * <pre>
 * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * </pre>
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * <pre>
 * <a ng:href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * </pre>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 *
 * @example
 * This example uses `link` variable inside `href` attribute:
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <input ng:model="value" /><br />
        <a id="link-1" href ng:click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-2" href="" ng:click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-3" ng:href="/{{'123'}}" ng:ext-link>link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng:click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng:click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
        <a id="link-6" ng:href="/{{value}}" ng:ext-link>link</a> (link, change hash)
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should execute ng:click but not reload when href without value', function() {
          element('#link-1').click();
          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('1');
          expect(element('#link-1').attr('href')).toBe("");
        });

        it('should execute ng:click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
          element('#link-2').click();
          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('2');
          expect(element('#link-2').attr('href')).toBe("");
        });

        it('should execute ng:click and change url when ng:href specified', function() {
          expect(element('#link-3').attr('href')).toBe("/123");

          element('#link-3').click();
          expect(browser().window().path()).toEqual('/123');
        });

        it('should execute ng:click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
          element('#link-4').click();
          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('4');
          expect(element('#link-4').attr('href')).toBe("");
        });

        it('should execute ng:click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
          element('#link-5').click();
          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('5');
          expect(element('#link-5').attr('href')).toBe(undefined);
        });

        it('should only change url when only ng:href', function() {
          input('value').enter('6');
          expect(element('#link-6').attr('href')).toBe("/6");

          element('#link-6').click();
          expect(browser().window().path()).toEqual('/6');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:src
 *
 * @description
 * Using <angular/> markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
 * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
 * text `{{hash}}` until <angular/> replaces the expression inside
 * `{{hash}}`. The `ng:src` attribute solves this problem by placing
 *  the `src` attribute in the `ng:` namespace.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * <pre>
 * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * </pre>
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * <pre>
 * <img ng:src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * </pre>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:disabled
 *
 * @description
 *
 * The following markup will make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox but not on IE8 and older IEs:
 * <pre>
 * <div ng:init="scope = { isDisabled: false }">
 *  <button disabled="{{scope.isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
 * </div>
 * </pre>
 *
 * The HTML specs do not require browsers to preserve the special attributes such as disabled.
 * (The presence of them means true and absence means false)
 * This prevents the angular compiler from correctly retrieving the binding expression.
 * To solve this problem, we introduce ng:disabled.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
        <button ng:model="button" ng:disabled="{{checked}}">Button</button>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should toggle button', function() {
          expect(element('.doc-example-live :button').prop('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
          input('checked').check();
          expect(element('.doc-example-live :button').prop('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain '{{}}' markup.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:checked
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specs do not require browsers to preserve the special attributes such as checked.
 * (The presence of them means true and absence means false)
 * This prevents the angular compiler from correctly retrieving the binding expression.
 * To solve this problem, we introduce ng:checked.
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="master"><br/>
        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng:checked="{{master}}">
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
          expect(element('.doc-example-live #checkSlave').prop('checked')).toBeFalsy();
          input('master').check();
          expect(element('.doc-example-live #checkSlave').prop('checked')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain '{{}}' markup.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:multiple
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specs do not require browsers to preserve the special attributes such as multiple.
 * (The presence of them means true and absence means false)
 * This prevents the angular compiler from correctly retrieving the binding expression.
 * To solve this problem, we introduce ng:multiple.
 *
 * @example
     <doc:example>
       <doc:source>
         Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
         <select id="select" ng:multiple="{{checked}}">
           <option>Misko</option>
           <option>Igor</option>
           <option>Vojta</option>
           <option>Di</option>
         </select>
       </doc:source>
       <doc:scenario>
         it('should toggle multiple', function() {
           expect(element('.doc-example-live #select').prop('multiple')).toBeFalsy();
           input('checked').check();
           expect(element('.doc-example-live #select').prop('multiple')).toBeTruthy();
         });
       </doc:scenario>
     </doc:example>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain '{{}}' markup.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name angular.directive.ng:readonly
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specs do not require browsers to preserve the special attributes such as readonly.
 * (The presence of them means true and absence means false)
 * This prevents the angular compiler from correctly retrieving the binding expression.
 * To solve this problem, we introduce ng:readonly.
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
        <input type="text" ng:readonly="{{checked}}" value="I'm Angular"/>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
          expect(element('.doc-example-live :text').prop('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
          input('checked').check();
          expect(element('.doc-example-live :text').prop('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {template} template any string which can contain '{{}}' markup.
 */


/**
* @ngdoc directive
* @name angular.directive.ng:selected
*
* @description
* The HTML specs do not require browsers to preserve the special attributes such as selected.
* (The presence of them means true and absence means false)
* This prevents the angular compiler from correctly retrieving the binding expression.
* To solve this problem, we introduce ng:selected.
* @example
   <doc:example>
     <doc:source>
       Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="checked"><br/>
       <select>
         <option>Hello!</option>
         <option id="greet" ng:selected="{{checked}}">Greetings!</option>
       </select>
     </doc:source>
     <doc:scenario>
       it('should select Greetings!', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live #greet').prop('selected')).toBeFalsy();
         input('checked').check();
         expect(element('.doc-example-live #greet').prop('selected')).toBeTruthy();
       });
     </doc:scenario>
   </doc:example>
* @element ANY
* @param {template} template any string which can contain '{{}}' markup.
*/


var NG_BIND_ATTR = 'ng:bind-attr';
var SIDE_EFFECT_ATTRS = {};

forEach('src,href,multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readonly,required'.split(','), function(name) {
  SIDE_EFFECT_ATTRS['ng:' + name] = name;
});

angularAttrMarkup('{{}}', function(value, name, element){
  // don't process existing attribute markup
  if (angularDirective(name) || angularDirective("@" + name)) return;
  if (msie && name == 'src')
    value = decodeURI(value);
  var bindings = parseBindings(value),
      bindAttr;
  if (hasBindings(bindings) || SIDE_EFFECT_ATTRS[name]) {
    element.removeAttr(name);
    bindAttr = fromJson(element.attr(NG_BIND_ATTR) || "{}");
    bindAttr[SIDE_EFFECT_ATTRS[name] || name] = value;
    element.attr(NG_BIND_ATTR, toJson(bindAttr));
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name angular.widget
 * @description
 *
 * An angular widget can be either a custom attribute that modifies an existing DOM element or an
 * entirely new DOM element.
 *
 * During html compilation, widgets are processed after {@link angular.markup markup}, but before
 * {@link angular.directive directives}.
 *
 * Following is the list of built-in angular widgets:
 *
 * * {@link angular.widget.@ng:non-bindable ng:non-bindable} - Blocks angular from processing an
 *   HTML element.
 * * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat} - Creates and manages a collection of cloned HTML
 *   elements.
 * * {@link angular.inputType HTML input elements} - Standard HTML input elements data-bound by
 *   angular.
 * * {@link angular.widget.ng:view ng:view} - Works with $route to "include" partial templates
 * * {@link angular.widget.ng:switch ng:switch} - Conditionally changes DOM structure
 * * {@link angular.widget.ng:include ng:include} - Includes an external HTML fragment
 *
 * For more information about angular widgets, see {@link guide/dev_guide.compiler.widgets
 * Understanding Angular Widgets} in the angular Developer Guide.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.ng:include
 *
 * @description
 * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
 *
 * Keep in mind that Same Origin Policy applies to included resources
 * (e.g. ng:include won't work for file:// access).
 *
 * @param {string} src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
 *                 make sure you wrap it in quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
 * @param {Scope=} [scope=new_child_scope] optional expression which evaluates to an
 *                 instance of angular.scope to set the HTML fragment to.
 * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.templates =
             [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'examples/ng-include/template1.html'}
             , { name: 'template2.html', url: 'examples/ng-include/template2.html'} ];
           this.template = this.templates[0];
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <select ng:model="template" ng:options="t.name for t in templates">
          <option value="">(blank)</option>
         </select>
         url of the template: <tt><a href="{{template.url}}">{{template.url}}</a></tt>
         <hr/>
         <ng:include src="template.url"></ng:include>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should load template1.html', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-include').text()).
           toBe('Content of template1.html\n');
        });
        it('should load template2.html', function() {
         select('template').option('1');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-include').text()).
           toBe('Content of template2.html\n');
        });
        it('should change to blank', function() {
         select('template').option('');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-include').text()).toEqual('');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('ng:include', function(element){
  var compiler = this,
      srcExp = element.attr("src"),
      scopeExp = element.attr("scope") || '',
      onloadExp = element[0].getAttribute('onload') || ''; //workaround for jquery bug #7537
  if (element[0]['ng:compiled']) {
    this.descend(true);
    this.directives(true);
  } else {
    element[0]['ng:compiled'] = true;
    return extend(function(xhr, element){
      var scope = this,
          changeCounter = 0,
          releaseScopes = [],
          childScope,
          oldScope;

      function incrementChange() { changeCounter++;}
      this.$watch(srcExp, incrementChange);
      this.$watch(function(scope){
        var newScope = scope.$eval(scopeExp);
        if (newScope !== oldScope) {
          oldScope = newScope;
          incrementChange();
        }
      });
      this.$watch(function() {return changeCounter;}, function(scope) {
        var src = scope.$eval(srcExp),
            useScope = scope.$eval(scopeExp);

        while(releaseScopes.length) {
          releaseScopes.pop().$destroy();
        }
        if (src) {
          xhr('GET', src, null, function(code, response){
            element.html(response);
            if (useScope) {
              childScope = useScope;
            } else {
              releaseScopes.push(childScope = scope.$new());
            }
            compiler.compile(element)(childScope);
            scope.$eval(onloadExp);
          }, false, true);
        } else {
          childScope = null;
          element.html('');
        }
      });
    }, {$inject:['$xhr.cache']});
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.ng:switch
 *
 * @description
 * Conditionally change the DOM structure.
 *
 * @usageContent
 * <any ng:switch-when="matchValue1">...</any>
 *   <any ng:switch-when="matchValue2">...</any>
 *   ...
 *   <any ng:switch-default>...</any>
 *
 * @param {*} on expression to match against <tt>ng:switch-when</tt>.
 * @paramDescription
 * On child elments add:
 *
 * * `ng:switch-when`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
 *   case will be displayed.
 * * `ng:switch-default`: the default case when no other casses match.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <script>
          function Ctrl() {
            this.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
            this.selection = this.items[0];
          }
        </script>
        <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
          <select ng:model="selection" ng:options="item for item in items">
          </select>
          <tt>selection={{selection}}</tt>
          <hr/>
          <ng:switch on="selection" >
            <div ng:switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
            <span ng:switch-when="home">Home Span</span>
            <span ng:switch-default>default</span>
          </ng:switch>
        </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should start in settings', function() {
         expect(element('.doc-example-live ng\\:switch').text()).toEqual('Settings Div');
        });
        it('should change to home', function() {
         select('selection').option('home');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live ng\\:switch').text()).toEqual('Home Span');
        });
        it('should select deafault', function() {
         select('selection').option('other');
         expect(element('.doc-example-live ng\\:switch').text()).toEqual('default');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('ng:switch', function(element) {
  var compiler = this,
      watchExpr = element.attr("on"),
      changeExpr = element.attr('change'),
      casesTemplate = {},
      defaultCaseTemplate,
      children = element.children(),
      length = children.length,
      child,
      when;

  if (!watchExpr) throw new Error("Missing 'on' attribute.");
  while(length--) {
    child = jqLite(children[length]);
    // this needs to be here for IE
    child.remove();
    when = child.attr('ng:switch-when');
    if (isString(when)) {
      casesTemplate[when] = compiler.compile(child);
    } else if (isString(child.attr('ng:switch-default'))) {
      defaultCaseTemplate = compiler.compile(child);
    }
  }
  children = null; // release memory;
  element.html('');

  return function(element){
    var changeCounter = 0;
    var childScope;
    var selectedTemplate;

    this.$watch(watchExpr, function(scope, value) {
      element.html('');
      if ((selectedTemplate = casesTemplate[value] || defaultCaseTemplate)) {
        changeCounter++;
        if (childScope) childScope.$destroy();
        childScope = scope.$new();
        childScope.$eval(changeExpr);
      }
    });

    this.$watch(function() {return changeCounter;}, function() {
      element.html('');
      if (selectedTemplate) {
        selectedTemplate(childScope, function(caseElement) {
          element.append(caseElement);
        });
      }
    });
  };
});


/*
 * Modifies the default behavior of html A tag, so that the default action is prevented when href
 * attribute is empty.
 *
 * The reasoning for this change is to allow easy creation of action links with ng:click without
 * changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
 * <a href="" ng:click="model.$save()">Save</a>
 */
angularWidget('a', function() {
  this.descend(true);
  this.directives(true);

  return function(element) {
    var hasNgHref = ((element.attr('ng:bind-attr') || '').indexOf('"href":') !== -1);

    // turn <a href ng:click="..">link</a> into a link in IE
    // but only if it doesn't have name attribute, in which case it's an anchor
    if (!hasNgHref && !element.attr('name') && !element.attr('href')) {
      element.attr('href', '');
    }

    if (element.attr('href') === '' && !hasNgHref) {
      element.bind('click', function(event){
        event.preventDefault();
      });
    }
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.@ng:repeat
 *
 * @description
 * The `ng:repeat` widget instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
 * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
 * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
 *
 * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
 *
 *   * `$index` – `{number}` – iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)
 *   * `$position` – `{string}` – position of the repeated element in the iterator. One of:
 *        * `'first'`,
 *        * `'middle'`
 *        * `'last'`
 *
 * Note: Although `ng:repeat` looks like a directive, it is actually an attribute widget.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {string} repeat_expression The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. Two
 *   formats are currently supported:
 *
 *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
 *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `track in cd.tracks`.
 *
 *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
 *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
 *
 * @example
 * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
 * then uses `ng:repeat` to display every person:
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <div ng:init="friends = [{name:'John', age:25}, {name:'Mary', age:28}]">
          I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
          <ul>
            <li ng:repeat="friend in friends">
              [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
         it('should check ng:repeat', function() {
           var r = using('.doc-example-live').repeater('ul li');
           expect(r.count()).toBe(2);
           expect(r.row(0)).toEqual(["1","John","25"]);
           expect(r.row(1)).toEqual(["2","Mary","28"]);
         });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('@ng:repeat', function(expression, element){
  element.removeAttr('ng:repeat');
  element.replaceWith(jqLite('<!-- ng:repeat: ' + expression + ' -->'));
  var linker = this.compile(element);
  return function(iterStartElement){
    var match = expression.match(/^\s*(.+)\s+in\s+(.*)\s*$/),
        lhs, rhs, valueIdent, keyIdent;
    if (! match) {
      throw Error("Expected ng:repeat in form of '_item_ in _collection_' but got '" +
      expression + "'.");
    }
    lhs = match[1];
    rhs = match[2];
    match = lhs.match(/^([\$\w]+)|\(([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\)$/);
    if (!match) {
      throw Error("'item' in 'item in collection' should be identifier or (key, value) but got '" +
      keyValue + "'.");
    }
    valueIdent = match[3] || match[1];
    keyIdent = match[2];

    var parentScope = this;
    // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
    // iterator, and the value is an array of objects with following properties.
    //   - scope: bound scope
    //   - element: previous element.
    //   - index: position
    // We need an array of these objects since the same object can be returned from the iterator.
    // We expect this to be a rare case.
    var lastOrder = new HashQueueMap();
    this.$watch(function(scope){
      var index, length,
          collection = scope.$eval(rhs),
          collectionLength = size(collection, true),
          childScope,
          // Same as lastOrder but it has the current state. It will become the
          // lastOrder on the next iteration.
          nextOrder = new HashQueueMap(),
          key, value, // key/value of iteration
          array, last,       // last object information {scope, element, index}
          cursor = iterStartElement;     // current position of the node

      if (!isArray(collection)) {
        // if object, extract keys, sort them and use to determine order of iteration over obj props
        array = [];
        for(key in collection) {
          if (collection.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) != '$') {
            array.push(key);
          }
        }
        array.sort();
      } else {
        array = collection || [];
      }

      // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
      for (index = 0, length = array.length; index < length; index++) {
        key = (collection === array) ? index : array[index];
        value = collection[key];
        last = lastOrder.shift(value);
        if (last) {
          // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
          // associated scope/element
          childScope = last.scope;
          nextOrder.push(value, last);

          if (index === last.index) {
            // do nothing
            cursor = last.element;
          } else {
            // existing item which got moved
            last.index = index;
            // This may be a noop, if the element is next, but I don't know of a good way to
            // figure this out,  since it would require extra DOM access, so let's just hope that
            // the browsers realizes that it is noop, and treats it as such.
            cursor.after(last.element);
            cursor = last.element;
          }
        } else {
          // new item which we don't know about
          childScope = parentScope.$new();
        }

        childScope[valueIdent] = value;
        if (keyIdent) childScope[keyIdent] = key;
        childScope.$index = index;
        childScope.$position = index == 0
            ? 'first'
            : (index == collectionLength - 1 ? 'last' : 'middle');

        if (!last) {
          linker(childScope, function(clone){
            cursor.after(clone);
            last = {
                scope: childScope,
                element: (cursor = clone),
                index: index
              };
            nextOrder.push(value, last);
          });
        }
      }

      //shrink children
      for (key in lastOrder) {
        if (lastOrder.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          array = lastOrder[key];
          while(array.length) {
            value = array.pop();
            value.element.remove();
            value.scope.$destroy();
          }
        }
      }

      lastOrder = nextOrder;
    });
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.@ng:non-bindable
 *
 * @description
 * Sometimes it is necessary to write code which looks like bindings but which should be left alone
 * by angular. Use `ng:non-bindable` to make angular ignore a chunk of HTML.
 *
 * Note: `ng:non-bindable` looks like a directive, but is actually an attribute widget.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
 * In this example there are two location where a simple binding (`{{}}`) is present, but the one
 * wrapped in `ng:non-bindable` is left alone.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
        <div ng:non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
       it('should check ng:non-bindable', function() {
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('1 + 2')).toBe('3');
         expect(using('.doc-example-live').element('div:last').text()).
           toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
       });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget("@ng:non-bindable", noop);


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.ng:view
 *
 * @description
 * # Overview
 * `ng:view` is a widget that complements the {@link angular.service.$route $route} service by
 * including the rendered template of the current route into the main layout (`index.html`) file.
 * Every time the current route changes, the included view changes with it according to the
 * configuration of the `$route` service.
 *
 * This widget provides functionality similar to {@link angular.widget.ng:include ng:include} when
 * used like this:
 *
 *     <ng:include src="$route.current.template" scope="$route.current.scope"></ng:include>
 *
 *
 * # Advantages
 * Compared to `ng:include`, `ng:view` offers these advantages:
 *
 * - shorter syntax
 * - more efficient execution
 * - doesn't require `$route` service to be available on the root scope
 *
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
         <script>
           function MyCtrl($route) {
             $route.when('/overview',
               { controller: OverviewCtrl,
                 template: 'partials/guide/dev_guide.overview.html'});
             $route.when('/bootstrap',
               { controller: BootstrapCtrl,
                 template: 'partials/guide/dev_guide.bootstrap.auto_bootstrap.html'});
           };
           MyCtrl.$inject = ['$route'];

           function BootstrapCtrl() {}
           function OverviewCtrl() {}
         </script>
         <div ng:controller="MyCtrl">
           <a href="overview">overview</a> |
           <a href="bootstrap">bootstrap</a> |
           <a href="undefined">undefined</a>

           <br/>

           The view is included below:
           <hr/>
           <ng:view></ng:view>
         </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should load templates', function() {
          element('.doc-example-live a:contains(overview)').click();
          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng\\:view').text()).toMatch(/Developer Guide: Overview/);

          element('.doc-example-live a:contains(bootstrap)').click();
          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng\\:view').text()).toMatch(/Developer Guide: Initializing Angular: Automatic Initialization/);
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('ng:view', function(element) {
  var compiler = this;

  if (!element[0]['ng:compiled']) {
    element[0]['ng:compiled'] = true;
    return annotate('$xhr.cache', '$route', function($xhr, $route, element){
      var template;
      var changeCounter = 0;

      this.$on('$afterRouteChange', function() {
        changeCounter++;
      });

      this.$watch(function() {return changeCounter;}, function(scope, newChangeCounter) {
        var template = $route.current && $route.current.template;
        if (template) {
          //xhr's callback must be async, see commit history for more info
          $xhr('GET', template, function(code, response) {
            // ignore callback if another route change occured since
            if (newChangeCounter == changeCounter) {
              element.html(response);
              compiler.compile(element)($route.current.scope);
            }
          });
        } else {
          element.html('');
        }
      });
    });
  } else {
    compiler.descend(true);
    compiler.directives(true);
  }
});


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.ng:pluralize
 *
 * @description
 * # Overview
 * ng:pluralize is a widget that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
 * These rules are bundled with angular.js and the rules can be overridden
 * (see {@link guide/dev_guide.i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ng:pluralize by
 * specifying the mappings between
 * {@link http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
 * plural categories} and the strings to be displayed.
 *
 * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
 * There are two
 * {@link http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
 * plural categories} in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
 *
 * While a pural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
 * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
 * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. You will see the use of plural categories
 * and explicit number rules throughout later parts of this documentation.
 *
 * # Configuring ng:pluralize
 * You configure ng:pluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
 * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
 *
 * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/dev_guide.expressions
 * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its binded value.
 *
 * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
 * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object so that Angular
 * can interpret it correctly.
 *
 * The following example shows how to configure ng:pluralize:
 *
 * <pre>
 * <ng:pluralize count="personCount"
                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng:pluralize>
 *</pre>
 *
 * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
 * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
 * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
 * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
 * show "a dozen people are viewing".
 *
 * You can use a set of closed braces(`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
 * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
 * <span ng:non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
 * for <span ng:non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
 *
 * # Configuring ng:pluralize with offset
 * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
 * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
 * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
 * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
 * Let's take a look at an example:
 *
 * <pre>
 * <ng:pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
 *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
 *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
 *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng:pluralize>
 * </pre>
 *
 * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
 * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
 * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
 * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
 * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
 * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Marry and one other person are viewing"
 * is shown.
 *
 * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
 * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
 * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
 * plural categories "one" and "other".
 *
 * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bounded to.
 * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its correspoding strings.
 * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <script>
          function Ctrl() {
            this.person1 = 'Igor';
            this.person2 = 'Misko';
            this.personCount = 1;
          }
        </script>
        <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
          Person 1:<input type="text" ng:model="person1" value="Igor" /><br/>
          Person 2:<input type="text" ng:model="person2" value="Misko" /><br/>
          Number of People:<input type="text" ng:model="personCount" value="1" /><br/>

          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
          Without Offset:
          <ng:pluralize count="personCount"
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
          </ng:pluralize><br>

          <!--- Example with offset --->
          With Offset(2):
          <ng:pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
          </ng:pluralize>
        </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:first').text()).
                                             toBe('1 person is viewing.');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
                                                toBe('Igor is viewing.');

          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('0');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:first').text()).
                                               toBe('Nobody is viewing.');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
                                              toBe('Nobody is viewing.');

          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('2');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:first').text()).
                                            toBe('2 people are viewing.');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
                              toBe('Igor and Misko are viewing.');

          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('3');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:first').text()).
                                            toBe('3 people are viewing.');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
                              toBe('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');

          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('4');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:first').text()).
                                            toBe('4 people are viewing.');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
                              toBe('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });

        it('should show data-binded names', function() {
          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('4');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
              toBe('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');

          using('.doc-example-live').input('person1').enter('Di');
          using('.doc-example-live').input('person2').enter('Vojta');
          expect(element('.doc-example-live .ng-pluralize:last').text()).
              toBe('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('ng:pluralize', function(element) {
  var numberExp = element.attr('count'),
      whenExp = element.attr('when'),
      offset = element.attr('offset') || 0;

  return annotate('$locale', function($locale, element) {
    var scope = this,
        whens = scope.$eval(whenExp),
        whensExpFns = {};

    forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
      whensExpFns[key] = compileBindTemplate(expression.replace(/{}/g,
                                             '{{' + numberExp + '-' + offset + '}}'));
    });

    scope.$watch(function() {
      var value = parseFloat(scope.$eval(numberExp));

      if (!isNaN(value)) {
        //if explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it. Otherwise,
        //check it against pluralization rules in $locale service
        if (!whens[value]) value = $locale.pluralCat(value - offset);
         return whensExpFns[value](scope, element, true);
      } else {
        return '';
      }
    }, function(scope, newVal) {
      element.text(newVal);
    });
  });
});

/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.form
 *
 * @description
 * Angular widget that creates a form scope using the
 * {@link angular.service.$formFactory $formFactory} API. The resulting form scope instance is
 * attached to the DOM element using the jQuery `.data()` method under the `$form` key.
 * See {@link guide/dev_guide.forms forms} on detailed discussion of forms and widgets.
 *
 *
 * # Alias: `ng:form`
 *
 * In angular forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
 * forms are valid as well. However browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, for this
 * reason angular provides `<ng:form>` alias which behaves identical to `<form>` but allows
 * element nesting.
 *
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.text = 'guest';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           text: <input type="text" name="input" ng:model="text" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.text.$error.REQUIRED">Required!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
         expect(binding('text')).toEqual('guest');
         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
         input('text').enter('');
         expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('form', function(form){
  this.descend(true);
  this.directives(true);
  return annotate('$formFactory', function($formFactory, formElement) {
    var name = formElement.attr('name'),
        parentForm = $formFactory.forElement(formElement),
        form = $formFactory(parentForm);
    formElement.data('$form', form);
    formElement.bind('submit', function(event){
      event.preventDefault();
    });
    if (name) {
      this[name] = form;
    }
    watch('valid');
    watch('invalid');
    function watch(name) {
      form.$watch('$' + name, function(scope, value) {
        formElement[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass']('ng-' + name);
      });
    }
  });
});

angularWidget('ng:form', angularWidget('form'));

var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}$/;
var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))\s*$/;
var INTEGER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?\d+\s*$/;


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.text
 *
 * @description
 * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.text = 'guest';
           this.word = /^\w*$/;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           Single word: <input type="text" name="input" ng:model="text"
                               ng:pattern="word" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.PATTERN">
             Single word only!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('guest');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          input('text').enter('');
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
          input('text').enter('hello world');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.email
 *
 * @description
 * Text input with email validation. Sets the `EMAIL` validation error key if not a valid email
 * address.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.text = 'me@example.com';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           Email: <input type="email" name="input" ng:model="text" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.EMAIL">
             Not valid email!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.EMAIL = {{!!myForm.$error.EMAIL}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('me@example.com');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          input('text').enter('');
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
          input('text').enter('xxx');
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('xxx');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('email', function() {
  var widget = this;
  this.$on('$validate', function(event){
    var value = widget.$viewValue;
    widget.$emit(!value || value.match(EMAIL_REGEXP) ? "$valid" : "$invalid", "EMAIL");
  });
});


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.url
 *
 * @description
 * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `URL` validation error key if the content is not a
 * valid URL.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.text = 'http://google.com';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           URL: <input type="url" name="input" ng:model="text" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.input.$error.url">
             Not valid url!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('http://google.com');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          input('text').enter('');
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
          input('text').enter('xxx');
          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('xxx');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('url', function() {
  var widget = this;
  this.$on('$validate', function(event){
    var value = widget.$viewValue;
    widget.$emit(!value || value.match(URL_REGEXP) ? "$valid" : "$invalid", "URL");
  });
});


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.list
 *
 * @description
 * Text input that converts between comma-seperated string into an array of strings.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.names = ['igor', 'misko', 'vojta'];
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           List: <input type="list" name="input" ng:model="names" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.list.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('names')).toEqual('["igor","misko","vojta"]');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          input('names').enter('');
          expect(binding('names')).toEqual('[]');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('list', function() {
  function parse(viewValue) {
    var list = [];
    forEach(viewValue.split(/\s*,\s*/), function(value){
      if (value) list.push(trim(value));
    });
    return list;
  }
  this.$parseView = function() {
    isString(this.$viewValue) && (this.$modelValue = parse(this.$viewValue));
  };
  this.$parseModel = function() {
    var modelValue = this.$modelValue;
    if (isArray(modelValue)
        && (!isString(this.$viewValue) || !equals(parse(this.$viewValue), modelValue))) {
      this.$viewValue =  modelValue.join(', ');
    }
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.number
 *
 * @description
 * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `NUMBER` validation
 * error if not a valid number.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} min Sets the `MIN` validation error key if the value entered is less then `min`.
 * @param {string=} max Sets the `MAX` validation error key if the value entered is greater then `min`.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.value = 12;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           Number: <input type="number" name="input" ng:model="value"
                          min="0" max="99" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.list.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.list.$error.NUMBER">
             Not valid number!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>value = {{value}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
         expect(binding('value')).toEqual('12');
         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
         input('value').enter('');
         expect(binding('value')).toEqual('');
         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
         input('value').enter('123');
         expect(binding('value')).toEqual('123');
         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('number', numericRegexpInputType(NUMBER_REGEXP, 'NUMBER'));


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.integer
 *
 * @description
 * Text input with integer validation and transformation. Sets the `INTEGER`
 * validation error key if not a valid integer.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} min Sets the `MIN` validation error key if the value entered is less then `min`.
 * @param {string=} max Sets the `MAX` validation error key if the value entered is greater then `min`.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.value = 12;
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           Integer: <input type="integer" name="input" ng:model="value"
                           min="0" max="99" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.list.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.list.$error.INTEGER">
             Not valid integer!</span>
         </form>
         <tt>value = {{value}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('value')).toEqual('12');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          input('value').enter('1.2');
          expect(binding('value')).toEqual('12');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
          input('value').enter('123');
          expect(binding('value')).toEqual('123');
          expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('integer', numericRegexpInputType(INTEGER_REGEXP, 'INTEGER'));


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.checkbox
 *
 * @description
 * HTML checkbox.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} ng:true-value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
 * @param {string=} ng:false-value The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.value1 = true;
           this.value2 = 'YES'
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           Value1: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="value1"> <br/>
           Value2: <input type="checkbox" ng:model="value2"
                          ng:true-value="YES" ng:false-value="NO"> <br/>
         </form>
         <tt>value1 = {{value1}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>value2 = {{value2}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should change state', function() {
          expect(binding('value1')).toEqual('true');
          expect(binding('value2')).toEqual('YES');

          input('value1').check();
          input('value2').check();
          expect(binding('value1')).toEqual('false');
          expect(binding('value2')).toEqual('NO');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('checkbox', function(inputElement) {
  var widget = this,
      trueValue = inputElement.attr('ng:true-value'),
      falseValue = inputElement.attr('ng:false-value');

  if (!isString(trueValue)) trueValue = true;
  if (!isString(falseValue)) falseValue = false;

  inputElement.bind('click', function() {
    widget.$apply(function() {
      widget.$emit('$viewChange', inputElement[0].checked);
    });
  });

  widget.$render = function() {
    inputElement[0].checked = widget.$viewValue;
  };

  widget.$parseModel = function() {
    widget.$viewValue = this.$modelValue === trueValue;
  };

  widget.$parseView = function() {
    widget.$modelValue = widget.$viewValue ? trueValue : falseValue;
  };
});


/**
 * @ngdoc inputType
 * @name angular.inputType.radio
 *
 * @description
 * HTML radio button.
 *
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string} value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.color = 'blue';
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           <input type="radio" ng:model="color" value="red">  Red <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng:model="color" value="green"> Green <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng:model="color" value="blue"> Blue <br/>
         </form>
         <tt>color = {{color}}</tt><br/>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should change state', function() {
          expect(binding('color')).toEqual('blue');

          input('color').select('red');
          expect(binding('color')).toEqual('red');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularInputType('radio', function(inputElement) {
  var widget = this;

  //correct the name
  inputElement.attr('name', widget.$id + '@' + inputElement.attr('name'));
  inputElement.bind('click', function() {
    widget.$apply(function() {
      if (inputElement[0].checked) {
        widget.$emit('$viewChange', widget.$value);
      }
    });
  });

  widget.$render = function() {
    inputElement[0].checked = isDefined(widget.$value) && (widget.$value == widget.$viewValue);
  };

  if (inputElement[0].checked) {
    widget.$viewValue = widget.$value;
  }
});


function numericRegexpInputType(regexp, error) {
  return function(inputElement) {
    var widget = this,
        min = 1 * (inputElement.attr('min') || Number.MIN_VALUE),
        max = 1 * (inputElement.attr('max') || Number.MAX_VALUE);

    widget.$on('$validate', function(event){
      var value = widget.$viewValue,
          filled = value && trim(value) != '',
          valid = isString(value) && value.match(regexp);

      widget.$emit(!filled || valid ? "$valid" : "$invalid", error);
      filled && (value = 1 * value);
      widget.$emit(valid && value < min ? "$invalid" : "$valid", "MIN");
      widget.$emit(valid && value > max ? "$invalid" : "$valid", "MAX");
    });

    widget.$parseView = function() {
      if (widget.$viewValue.match(regexp)) {
        widget.$modelValue = 1 * widget.$viewValue;
      } else if (widget.$viewValue == '') {
        widget.$modelValue = null;
      }
    };

    widget.$parseModel = function() {
      if (isNumber(widget.$modelValue)) {
        widget.$viewValue = '' + widget.$modelValue;
      }
    };
  };
}


var HTML5_INPUTS_TYPES =  makeMap(
        "search,tel,url,email,datetime,date,month,week,time,datetime-local,number,range,color," +
        "radio,checkbox,text,button,submit,reset,hidden,password");


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.input
 *
 * @description
 * HTML input element widget with angular data-binding. Input widget follows HTML5 input types
 * and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
 *
 * The {@link angular.inputType custom angular.inputType}s provide a shorthand for declaring new
 * inputs. This is a sharthand for text-box based inputs, and there is no need to go through the
 * full {@link angular.service.$formFactory $formFactory} widget lifecycle.
 *
 *
 * @param {string} type Widget types as defined by {@link angular.inputType}. If the
 *    type is in the format of `@ScopeType` then `ScopeType` is loaded from the
 *    current scope, allowing quick definition of type.
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
       <script>
         function Ctrl() {
           this.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
         }
       </script>
       <div ng:controller="Ctrl">
         <form name="myForm">
           User name: <input type="text" name="userName" ng:model="user.name" required>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.userName.$error.REQUIRED">
             Required!</span><br>
           Last name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng:model="user.last"
             ng:minlength="3" ng:maxlength="10">
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.lastName.$error.MINLENGTH">
             Too short!</span>
           <span class="error" ng:show="myForm.lastName.$error.MAXLENGTH">
             Too long!</span><br>
         </form>
         <hr>
         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.REQUIRED = {{!!myForm.$error.REQUIRED}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.MINLENGTH = {{!!myForm.$error.MINLENGTH}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.MAXLENGTH = {{!!myForm.$error.MAXLENGTH}}</tt><br>
       </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{\n  \"last\":\"visitor",\n  \"name\":\"guest\"}');
          expect(binding('myForm.userName.$valid')).toEqual('true');
          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
          input('user.name').enter('');
          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{\n  \"last\":\"visitor",\n  \"name\":\"\"}');
          expect(binding('myForm.userName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
          input('user.last').enter('');
          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{\n  \"last\":\"",\n  \"name\":\"guest\"}');
          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('true');
          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
          input('user.last').enter('xx');
          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{\n  \"last\":\"xx",\n  \"name\":\"guest\"}');
          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$error')).toMatch(/MINLENGTH/);
          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });

        it('should be valid if longer than max length', function() {
          input('user.last').enter('some ridiculously long name');
          expect(binding('user'))
            .toEqual('{\n  \"last\":\"some ridiculously long name",\n  \"name\":\"guest\"}');
          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$error')).toMatch(/MAXLENGTH/);
          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
        });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */
angularWidget('input', function(inputElement){
  this.directives(true);
  this.descend(true);
  var modelExp = inputElement.attr('ng:model');
  return modelExp &&
    annotate('$defer', '$formFactory', function($defer, $formFactory, inputElement){
      var form = $formFactory.forElement(inputElement),
          // We have to use .getAttribute, since jQuery tries to be smart and use the
          // type property. Trouble is some browser change unknown to text.
          type = inputElement[0].getAttribute('type') || 'text',
          TypeController,
          modelScope = this,
          patternMatch, widget,
          pattern = trim(inputElement.attr('ng:pattern')),
          minlength = parseInt(inputElement.attr('ng:minlength'), 10),
          maxlength = parseInt(inputElement.attr('ng:maxlength'), 10),
          loadFromScope = type.match(/^\s*\@\s*(.*)/);


       if (!pattern) {
         patternMatch = valueFn(true);
       } else {
         if (pattern.match(/^\/(.*)\/$/)) {
           pattern = new RegExp(pattern.substr(1, pattern.length - 2));
           patternMatch = function(value) {
             return pattern.test(value);
           };
         } else {
           patternMatch = function(value) {
             var patternObj = modelScope.$eval(pattern);
             if (!patternObj || !patternObj.test) {
               throw new Error('Expected ' + pattern + ' to be a RegExp but was ' + patternObj);
             }
             return patternObj.test(value);
           };
         }
       }

      type = lowercase(type);
      TypeController = (loadFromScope
              ? (assertArgFn(this.$eval(loadFromScope[1]), loadFromScope[1])).$unboundFn
              : angularInputType(type)) || noop;

      if (!HTML5_INPUTS_TYPES[type]) {
        try {
          // jquery will not let you so we have to go to bare metal
          inputElement[0].setAttribute('type', 'text');
        } catch(e){
          // also turns out that ie8 will not allow changing of types, but since it is not
          // html5 anyway we can ignore the error.
        }
      }

      !TypeController.$inject && (TypeController.$inject = []);
      widget = form.$createWidget({
          scope: modelScope,
          model: modelExp,
          onChange: inputElement.attr('ng:change'),
          alias: inputElement.attr('name'),
          controller: TypeController,
          controllerArgs: [inputElement]});

      watchElementProperty(this, widget, 'value', inputElement);
      watchElementProperty(this, widget, 'required', inputElement);
      watchElementProperty(this, widget, 'readonly', inputElement);
      watchElementProperty(this, widget, 'disabled', inputElement);

      widget.$pristine = !(widget.$dirty = false);

      widget.$on('$validate', function() {
        var $viewValue = trim(widget.$viewValue),
            inValid = widget.$required && !$viewValue,
            tooLong = maxlength && $viewValue && $viewValue.length > maxlength,
            tooShort = minlength && $viewValue && $viewValue.length < minlength,
            missMatch = $viewValue && !patternMatch($viewValue);

        if (widget.$error.REQUIRED != inValid){
          widget.$emit(inValid ? '$invalid' : '$valid', 'REQUIRED');
        }
        if (widget.$error.PATTERN != missMatch){
          widget.$emit(missMatch ? '$invalid' : '$valid', 'PATTERN');
        }
        if (widget.$error.MINLENGTH != tooShort){
          widget.$emit(tooShort ? '$invalid' : '$valid', 'MINLENGTH');
        }
        if (widget.$error.MAXLENGTH != tooLong){
          widget.$emit(tooLong ? '$invalid' : '$valid', 'MAXLENGTH');
        }
      });

      forEach(['valid', 'invalid', 'pristine', 'dirty'], function(name) {
        widget.$watch('$' + name, function(scope, value) {
          inputElement[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass']('ng-' + name);
        });
      });

      inputElement.bind('$destroy', function() {
        widget.$destroy();
      });

      if (type != 'checkbox' && type != 'radio') {
        // TODO (misko): checkbox / radio does not really belong here, but until we can do
        // widget registration with CSS, we are hacking it this way.
        widget.$render = function() {
          inputElement.val(widget.$viewValue || '');
        };

        inputElement.bind('keydown change', function(event){
          var key = event.keyCode;
          if (/*command*/   key != 91 &&
              /*modifiers*/ !(15 < key && key < 19) &&
              /*arrow*/     !(37 < key && key < 40)) {
            $defer(function() {
              widget.$dirty = !(widget.$pristine = false);
              var value = trim(inputElement.val());
              if (widget.$viewValue !== value ) {
                widget.$emit('$viewChange', value);
              }
            });
          }
        });
      }
    });
});


/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.textarea
 *
 * @description
 * HTML textarea element widget with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
 * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
 * {@link angular.widget.input input element}.
 *
 * @param {string} type Widget types as defined by {@link angular.inputType}. If the
 *    type is in the format of `@ScopeType` then `ScopeType` is loaded from the
 *    current scope, allowing quick definition of type.
 * @param {string} ng:model Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the widgets is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `REQUIRED` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {number=} ng:minlength Sets `MINLENGTH` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ng:maxlength Sets `MAXLENGTH` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ng:pattern Sets `PATTERN` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ng:change Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 */
angularWidget('textarea', angularWidget('input'));


function watchElementProperty(modelScope, widget, name, element) {
  var bindAttr = fromJson(element.attr('ng:bind-attr') || '{}'),
      match = /\s*{{(.*)}}\s*/.exec(bindAttr[name]),
      isBoolean = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name];
  widget['$' + name] = isBoolean
    ? ( // some browsers return true some '' when required is set without value.
        isString(element.prop(name)) || !!element.prop(name) ||
        // this is needed for ie9, since it will treat boolean attributes as false
        !!element[0].attributes[name])
    : element.attr(name);
  if (bindAttr[name] && match) {
    modelScope.$watch(match[1], function(scope, value){
      widget['$' + name] = isBoolean ? !!value : value;
      widget.$emit('$validate');
    });
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc widget
 * @name angular.widget.select
 *
 * @description
 * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
 *
 * # `ng:options`
 *
 * Optionally `ng:options` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
 * elements for a `<select>` element using an array or an object obtained by evaluating the
 * `ng:options` expression.
 *
 * When an item in the select menu is select, the value of array element or object property
 * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `name` attribute
 * of the parent select element.
 *
 * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
 * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent `null` or "not selected"
 * option. See example below for demonstration.
 *
 * Note: `ng:options` provides iterator facility for `<option>` element which must be used instead
 * of {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat}. `ng:repeat` is not suitable for use with
 * `<option>` element because of the following reasons:
 *
 *   * value attribute of the option element that we need to bind to requires a string, but the
 *     source of data for the iteration might be in a form of array containing objects instead of
 *     strings
 *   * {@link angular.widget.@ng:repeat ng:repeat} unrolls after the select binds causing
 *     incorect rendering on most browsers.
 *   * binding to a value not in list confuses most browsers.
 *
 * @param {string} name assignable expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} required The widget is considered valid only if value is entered.
 * @param {comprehension_expression=} ng:options in one of the following forms:
 *
 *   * for array data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `label`  **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *   * for object data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
 *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *
 * Where:
 *
 *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
 *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
 *      of `object` during iteration.
 *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
 *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
 *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
 *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
 *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
 *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
 *      DOM element.
 *
 * @example
    <doc:example>
      <doc:source>
        <script>
        function MyCntrl() {
          this.colors = [
            {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'white', shade:'light'},
            {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'blue', shade:'dark'},
            {name:'yellow', shade:'light'}
          ];
          this.color = this.colors[2]; // red
        }
        </script>
        <div ng:controller="MyCntrl">
          <ul>
            <li ng:repeat="color in colors">
              Name: <input ng:model="color.name">
              [<a href ng:click="colors.$remove(color)">X</a>]
            </li>
            <li>
              [<a href ng:click="colors.push({})">add</a>]
            </li>
          </ul>
          <hr/>
          Color (null not allowed):
          <select ng:model="color" ng:options="c.name for c in colors"></select><br>

          Color (null allowed):
          <div  class="nullable">
            <select ng:model="color" ng:options="c.name for c in colors">
              <option value="">-- chose color --</option>
            </select>
          </div><br/>

          Color grouped by shade:
          <select ng:model="color" ng:options="c.name group by c.shade for c in colors">
          </select><br/>


          Select <a href ng:click="color={name:'not in list'}">bogus</a>.<br>
          <hr/>
          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:color}  }}
          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
               ng:style="{'background-color':color.name}">
          </div>
        </div>
      </doc:source>
      <doc:scenario>
         it('should check ng:options', function() {
           expect(binding('color')).toMatch('red');
           select('color').option('0');
           expect(binding('color')).toMatch('black');
           using('.nullable').select('color').option('');
           expect(binding('color')).toMatch('null');
         });
      </doc:scenario>
    </doc:example>
 */


                       //00001111100000000000222200000000000000000000003333000000000000044444444444444444000000000555555555555555550000000666666666666666660000000000000007777
var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*(.*?)(?:\s+as\s+(.*?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+(.*))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w\d]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w\d]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w\d]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+(.*)$/;


angularWidget('select', function(element){
  this.directives(true);
  this.descend(true);
  return element.attr('ng:model') && annotate('$formFactory', function($formFactory, selectElement){
    var modelScope = this,
        match,
        form = $formFactory.forElement(selectElement),
        multiple = selectElement.attr('multiple'),
        optionsExp = selectElement.attr('ng:options'),
        modelExp = selectElement.attr('ng:model'),
        widget = form.$createWidget({
          scope: this,
          model: modelExp,
          onChange: selectElement.attr('ng:change'),
          alias: selectElement.attr('name'),
          controller: optionsExp ? Options : (multiple ? Multiple : Single)});

    selectElement.bind('$destroy', function() { widget.$destroy(); });

    widget.$pristine = !(widget.$dirty = false);

    watchElementProperty(modelScope, widget, 'required', selectElement);
    watchElementProperty(modelScope, widget, 'readonly', selectElement);
    watchElementProperty(modelScope, widget, 'disabled', selectElement);

    widget.$on('$validate', function() {
      var valid = !widget.$required || !!widget.$modelValue;
      if (valid && multiple && widget.$required) valid = !!widget.$modelValue.length;
      if (valid !== !widget.$error.REQUIRED) {
        widget.$emit(valid ? '$valid' : '$invalid', 'REQUIRED');
      }
    });

    widget.$on('$viewChange', function() {
      widget.$pristine = !(widget.$dirty = true);
    });

    forEach(['valid', 'invalid', 'pristine', 'dirty'], function(name) {
      widget.$watch('$' + name, function(scope, value) {
        selectElement[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass']('ng-' + name);
      });
    });

    ////////////////////////////

    function Multiple() {
      var widget = this;

      this.$render = function() {
        var items = new HashMap(this.$viewValue);
        forEach(selectElement.children(), function(option){
          option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
        });
      };

      selectElement.bind('change', function() {
        widget.$apply(function() {
          var array = [];
          forEach(selectElement.children(), function(option){
            if (option.selected) {
              array.push(option.value);
            }
          });
          widget.$emit('$viewChange', array);
        });
      });

    }

    function Single() {
      var widget = this;

      widget.$render = function() {
        selectElement.val(widget.$viewValue);
      };

      selectElement.bind('change', function() {
        widget.$apply(function() {
          widget.$emit('$viewChange', selectElement.val());
        });
      });

      widget.$viewValue = selectElement.val();
    }

    function Options() {
      var widget = this,
          match;

      if (! (match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP))) {
        throw Error(
          "Expected ng:options in form of '_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
          " but got '" + optionsExp + "'.");
      }

      var widgetScope = this,
          displayFn = expressionCompile(match[2] || match[1]),
          valueName = match[4] || match[6],
          keyName = match[5],
          groupByFn = expressionCompile(match[3] || ''),
          valueFn = expressionCompile(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName),
          valuesFn = expressionCompile(match[7]),
          // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
          // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
          optionTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('option')),
          optGroupTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('optgroup')),
          nullOption = false, // if false then user will not be able to select it
          // This is an array of array of existing option groups in DOM. We try to reuse these if possible
          // optionGroupsCache[0] is the options with no option group
          // optionGroupsCache[?][0] is the parent: either the SELECT or OPTGROUP element
          optionGroupsCache = [[{element: selectElement, label:''}]];

      // find existing special options
      forEach(selectElement.children(), function(option) {
        if (option.value == '') {
          // developer declared null option, so user should be able to select it
          nullOption = jqLite(option).remove();
          // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
          compile(nullOption)(modelScope);
        }
      });
      selectElement.html(''); // clear contents

      selectElement.bind('change', function() {
        widgetScope.$apply(function() {
          var optionGroup,
              collection = valuesFn(modelScope) || [],
              key = selectElement.val(),
              tempScope = inherit(modelScope),
              value, optionElement, index, groupIndex, length, groupLength;

          if (multiple) {
            value = [];
            for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupsCache.length;
            groupIndex < groupLength;
            groupIndex++) {
              // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
              optionGroup = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];

              for(index = 1, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
                if ((optionElement = optionGroup[index].element)[0].selected) {
                  if (keyName) tempScope[keyName] = key;
                  tempScope[valueName] = collection[optionElement.val()];
                  value.push(valueFn(tempScope));
                }
              }
            }
          } else {
            if (key == '?') {
              value = undefined;
            } else if (key == ''){
              value = null;
            } else {
              tempScope[valueName] = collection[key];
              if (keyName) tempScope[keyName] = key;
              value = valueFn(tempScope);
            }
          }
          if (isDefined(value) && modelScope.$viewVal !== value) {
            widgetScope.$emit('$viewChange', value);
          }
        });
      });

      widgetScope.$watch(render);
      widgetScope.$render = render;

      function render() {
        var optionGroups = {'':[]}, // Temporary location for the option groups before we render them
            optionGroupNames = [''],
            optionGroupName,
            optionGroup,
            option,
            existingParent, existingOptions, existingOption,
            modelValue = widget.$modelValue,
            values = valuesFn(modelScope) || [],
            keys = keyName ? sortedKeys(values) : values,
            groupLength, length,
            groupIndex, index,
            optionScope = inherit(modelScope),
            selected,
            selectedSet = false, // nothing is selected yet
            lastElement,
            element;

        if (multiple) {
          selectedSet = new HashMap(modelValue);
        } else if (modelValue === null || nullOption) {
          // if we are not multiselect, and we are null then we have to add the nullOption
          optionGroups[''].push({selected:modelValue === null, id:'', label:''});
          selectedSet = true;
        }

        // We now build up the list of options we need (we merge later)
        for (index = 0; length = keys.length, index < length; index++) {
             optionScope[valueName] = values[keyName ? optionScope[keyName]=keys[index]:index];
             optionGroupName = groupByFn(optionScope) || '';
          if (!(optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName])) {
            optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName] = [];
            optionGroupNames.push(optionGroupName);
          }
          if (multiple) {
            selected = selectedSet.remove(valueFn(optionScope)) != undefined;
          } else {
            selected = modelValue === valueFn(optionScope);
            selectedSet = selectedSet || selected; // see if at least one item is selected
          }
          optionGroup.push({
            id: keyName ? keys[index] : index,   // either the index into array or key from object
            label: displayFn(optionScope) || '', // what will be seen by the user
            selected: selected                   // determine if we should be selected
          });
        }
        if (!multiple && !selectedSet) {
          // nothing was selected, we have to insert the undefined item
          optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'?', label:'', selected:true});
        }

        // Now we need to update the list of DOM nodes to match the optionGroups we computed above
        for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupNames.length;
             groupIndex < groupLength;
             groupIndex++) {
          // current option group name or '' if no group
          optionGroupName = optionGroupNames[groupIndex];

          // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
          optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName];

          if (optionGroupsCache.length <= groupIndex) {
            // we need to grow the optionGroups
            existingParent = {
              element: optGroupTemplate.clone().attr('label', optionGroupName),
              label: optionGroup.label
            };
            existingOptions = [existingParent];
            optionGroupsCache.push(existingOptions);
            selectElement.append(existingParent.element);
          } else {
            existingOptions = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
            existingParent = existingOptions[0];  // either SELECT (no group) or OPTGROUP element

            // update the OPTGROUP label if not the same.
            if (existingParent.label != optionGroupName) {
              existingParent.element.attr('label', existingParent.label = optionGroupName);
            }
          }

          lastElement = null;  // start at the begining
          for(index = 0, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
            option = optionGroup[index];
            if ((existingOption = existingOptions[index+1])) {
              // reuse elements
              lastElement = existingOption.element;
              if (existingOption.label !== option.label) {
                lastElement.text(existingOption.label = option.label);
              }
              if (existingOption.id !== option.id) {
                lastElement.val(existingOption.id = option.id);
              }
              if (existingOption.element.selected !== option.selected) {
                lastElement.prop('selected', (existingOption.selected = option.selected));
              }
            } else {
              // grow elements

              // if it's a null option
              if (option.id === '' && nullOption) {
                // put back the pre-compiled element
                element = nullOption;
              } else {
                // jQuery(v1.4.2) Bug: We should be able to chain the method calls, but
                // in this version of jQuery on some browser the .text() returns a string
                // rather then the element.
                (element = optionTemplate.clone())
                    .val(option.id)
                    .attr('selected', option.selected)
                    .text(option.label);
              }

              existingOptions.push(existingOption = {
                  element: element,
                  label: option.label,
                  id: option.id,
                  selected: option.selected
              });
              if (lastElement) {
                lastElement.after(element);
              } else {
                existingParent.element.append(element);
              }
              lastElement = element;
            }
          }
          // remove any excessive OPTIONs in a group
          index++; // increment since the existingOptions[0] is parent element not OPTION
          while(existingOptions.length > index) {
            existingOptions.pop().element.remove();
          }
        }
        // remove any excessive OPTGROUPs from select
        while(optionGroupsCache.length > groupIndex) {
          optionGroupsCache.pop()[0].element.remove();
        }
      };
    }
  });
});

var browserSingleton;

angularService('$browser', function($log, $sniffer) {
  if (!browserSingleton) {
    browserSingleton = new Browser(window, jqLite(window.document), jqLite(window.document.body),
                                   XHR, $log, $sniffer);
  }
  return browserSingleton;
}, {$inject: ['$log', '$sniffer']});


extend(angular, {
  // disabled for now until we agree on public name
  //'annotate': annotate,
  'compile': compile,
  'scope': createScope,
  'copy': copy,
  'extend': extend,
  'equals': equals,
  'forEach': forEach,
  'injector': createInjector,
  'noop':noop,
  'bind':bind,
  'toJson': toJson,
  'fromJson': fromJson,
  'identity':identity,
  'isUndefined': isUndefined,
  'isDefined': isDefined,
  'isString': isString,
  'isFunction': isFunction,
  'isObject': isObject,
  'isNumber': isNumber,
  'isArray': isArray,
  'version': version,
  'isDate': isDate,
  'lowercase': lowercase,
  'uppercase': uppercase
});

//try to bind to jquery now so that one can write angular.element().read()
//but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
bindJQuery();



  var config = angularJsConfig(document);

  jqLiteWrap(document).ready(function() {
    angularInit(config, document);
  });

})(window, document);
angular.element(document).find('head').append('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],.ng-cloak{display:none;}.ng-format-negative{color:red;}ng\\:form{display:block;}</style>');