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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="zh-tw" >
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8"UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=11; IE=10; IE=9; IE=8; IE=7; IE=EDGE" />
<title>使用Grid API 创建网格布局 | 精通 SwiftUI - iOS 16 版</title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="generator" content="GitBook 2.0.1">
<meta name="author" content="Simon Ng">
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="gitbook/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-152.png">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="gitbook/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="next" href="./swiftui-anylayout.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="./swiftui-gauge.html" />
</head>
<body>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="gitbook/style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="gitbook/plugins/gitbook-plugin-image-captions/image-captions.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="././styles/website.css">
<div class="book" data-level="44" data-basepath="." data-revision="Thu Dec 01 2022 17:36:55 GMT+0800 (HKT)">
<div class="book-summary">
<div class="book-search">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入并搜寻" class="form-control" />
</div>
<ul class="summary">
<li>
<a href="https://www.appcoda.com.tw" target="blank" class="custom-link">Made by AppCoda</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.appcoda.com.tw/contact" target="blank" class="custom-link">Contact us / Support</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Mastering%20SwiftUI%20via%20@appcodamobile&url=https://www.appcoda.com.tw/swiftui/&hashtags=swiftlang" target="blank" class="custom-link">Tweet this book</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="0" data-path="index.html">
<a href="./index.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
序言
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="swiftui-basics.html">
<a href="./swiftui-basics.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>1.</b>
SwiftUI 介绍
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="swiftui-text.html">
<a href="./swiftui-text.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>2.</b>
SwiftUI 入门 - 文字的处理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="swiftui-images.html">
<a href="./swiftui-images.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>3.</b>
图片的处理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="swiftui-stacks.html">
<a href="./swiftui-stacks.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>4.</b>
以堆叠布局使用者介面
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="swiftui-scrollview.html">
<a href="./swiftui-scrollview.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>5.</b>
ScrollView 与 Carousel UI 的建立
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="swiftui-buttons.html">
<a href="./swiftui-buttons.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>6.</b>
SwiftUI 按钮与渐层
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7" data-path="swiftui-state.html">
<a href="./swiftui-state.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>7.</b>
状态(State)与绑定(Binding)
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8" data-path="swiftui-path-shape.html">
<a href="./swiftui-path-shape.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>8.</b>
实现路径(Path)与形状(Shape)来画线与圆饼图
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9" data-path="swiftui-animation.html">
<a href="./swiftui-animation.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>9.</b>
基础动画与转场
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10" data-path="swiftui-list.html">
<a href="./swiftui-list.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>10.</b>
动态列表、 ForEach 与 Identifiable 的使用方法
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11" data-path="swiftui-navigation.html">
<a href="./swiftui-navigation.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>11.</b>
导航UI与导航列客制化运用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="12" data-path="swiftui-modal.html">
<a href="./swiftui-modal.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>12.</b>
强制回应视图、浮动按钮与提示的实现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="13" data-path="swiftui-form.html">
<a href="./swiftui-form.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>13.</b>
以选取器(Picker)、开关(Toggle)与步进器(Stepper)来建立一个表单
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="swiftui-form-data.html">
<a href="./swiftui-form-data.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>14.</b>
使用 Combine 与 Environment 物件进行数据分享
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="15" data-path="swiftui-form-registration.html">
<a href="./swiftui-form-registration.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>15.</b>
以 Combine 与 视图模型建立一个注册表单
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="16" data-path="swiftui-actionsheet-context.html">
<a href="./swiftui-actionsheet-context.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>16.</b>
滑动删除、内容菜单与动作列表
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="17" data-path="swiftui-gestures.html">
<a href="./swiftui-gestures.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>17.</b>
认识手势（Gestures）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="18" data-path="swiftui-bottom-sheet.html">
<a href="./swiftui-bottom-sheet.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>18.</b>
以SwiftUI 手势与 GeometryReader 建立一个底部展开式页面
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="19" data-path="swiftui-trip-tinder.html">
<a href="./swiftui-trip-tinder.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>19.</b>
使用手势与动画建立 Tinder 风格的 UI
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="20" data-path="swiftui-advanced-animations.html">
<a href="./swiftui-advanced-animations.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>20.</b>
建立像 Apple Wallet App 的动画和转场效果
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="21" data-path="swiftui-json.html">
<a href="./swiftui-json.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>21.</b>
JSON、滑杆的运用与数据过滤
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="22" data-path="swiftui-core-data.html">
<a href="./swiftui-core-data.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>22.</b>
如何使用 Core Data 建立 ToDo App
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="23" data-path="swiftui-uikit.html">
<a href="./swiftui-uikit.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>23.</b>
利用 UIViewRepresentable 整合UIKit 组件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="24" data-path="swiftui-searchbar.html">
<a href="./swiftui-searchbar.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>24.</b>
建立搜寻栏视图并使用自订绑定（Custom Binding）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="25" data-path="swiftui-real-world-app.html">
<a href="./swiftui-real-world-app.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>25.</b>
把所学应用出来！构建个人理财App
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="26" data-path="swiftui-appstoreanimation.html">
<a href="./swiftui-appstoreanimation.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>26.</b>
创建类似App Store使用的动画视图转换
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="27" data-path="swiftui-carousel.html">
<a href="./swiftui-carousel.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>27.</b>
如何建立图像轮播（Image Carousel）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="28" data-path="swiftui-expandable-list.html">
<a href="./swiftui-expandable-list.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>28.</b>
如何建立展开式列表视图和大纲视图
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="29" data-path="swiftui-gridlayout.html">
<a href="./swiftui-gridlayout.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>29.</b>
使用 LazyVGrid 和 LazyHGrid 构建集合视图
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="30" data-path="swiftui-progress-ring.html">
<a href="./swiftui-progress-ring.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>30.</b>
使用 Shape 和 Animatable 开发带动画的环形进度条
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="31" data-path="swiftui-library.html">
<a href="./swiftui-library.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>31.</b>
如何使用 AnimatableModifier 和 LibraryContentProvider
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="32" data-path="swiftui-texteditor.html">
<a href="./swiftui-texteditor.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>32.</b>
使用 TextEditor 支持多行文字输入
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="33" data-path="swiftui-matchedgeometry.html">
<a href="./swiftui-matchedgeometry.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>33.</b>
使用 matchedGeometryEffect为 App 建立绚丽的视图动画
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="34" data-path="swiftui-grid-animation.html">
<a href="./swiftui-grid-animation.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>34.</b>
ScrollViewReader 和网格动画
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="35" data-path="swiftui-tabview.html">
<a href="./swiftui-tabview.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>35.</b>
标签视图的运用与自订标签列
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="36" data-path="swiftui-asyncimage.html">
<a href="./swiftui-asyncimage.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>36.</b>
利用 AsyncImage 非同步加载和显示图像
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="37" data-path="swiftui-searchable.html">
<a href="./swiftui-searchable.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>37.</b>
利用 Searchable 建立搜寻栏
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="38" data-path="swiftui-charts.html">
<a href="./swiftui-charts.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>38.</b>
利用 Charts 框架建立图表
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="39" data-path="swiftui-live-text.html">
<a href="./swiftui-live-text.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>39.</b>
利用 Live Text API 从图片中撷取文本
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="40" data-path="swiftui-sharelink.html">
<a href="./swiftui-sharelink.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>40.</b>
通过 ShareLink 来分享文本和图像等数据
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="41" data-path="swiftui-imagerenderer.html">
<a href="./swiftui-imagerenderer.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>41.</b>
利用 ImageRenderer API 轻松把 SwiftUI 视图转换为图像
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="42" data-path="swiftui-pdf-doc.html">
<a href="./swiftui-pdf-doc.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>42.</b>
如何把 SwiftUI 视图转换为 PDF 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="43" data-path="swiftui-gauge.html">
<a href="./swiftui-gauge.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>43.</b>
使用 Gauge 视图显示进度并创建速度计
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="44" data-path="swiftui-grid.html">
<a href="./swiftui-grid.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>44.</b>
使用Grid API 创建网格布局
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="45" data-path="swiftui-anylayout.html">
<a href="./swiftui-anylayout.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
<b>45.</b>
利用 AnyLayout 切换 UI 布局
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="46" data-path="swiftui-navigationstack.html">
<a href="./swiftui-navigationstack.html">
<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<h1 id="%E7%AC%AC-44-%E7%AB%A0-br-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8grid-api-%E5%89%B5%E5%BB%BA%E7%B6%B2%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%88%E5%B1%80">第 44 章<br>使用Grid API 创建网格布局</h1>
<p>SwiftUI 4.0 引入了一个新的 <code>Grid</code> API 来组成基于网格的布局。 你可以使用 <code>VStack</code> 和 <code>HStack</code> 安排相同的布局。 然而，<code>Grid</code> 视图使其变得容易得多。 <code>Grid</code> 视图是一种容器视图，它以二维布局排列其他视图。</p>
<h3 id="%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95">基本用法</h3>
<p>让我们从一个简单的网格开始。 要创建一个 2x2 网格，你可以编写如下代码：</p>
<pre><code class="lang-swift"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContentView</span>: <span class="hljs-title">View</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> body: some <span class="hljs-type">View</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Grid</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.purple
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.orange
}
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.green
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.yellow
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>假设你已经在 Xcode 中创建了一个 SwiftUI 项目，你应该会看到一个 2x2 的网格，其中填上了不同的颜色。</p>
<figure id="fig44.1"><img src="images/grid/swiftui-grid-1.png" alt="图 44.1. 一个简单的网格（Grid）"><figcaption>图 44.1. 一个简单的网格（Grid）</figcaption></figure>
<p>要创建 3x3 网格，你只需添加另一个 <code>GridRow</code>。 并且，对于每个<code>GridRow</code>，再插入一个子视图。</p>
<figure id="fig44.2"><img src="images/grid/swiftui-grid-2.png" alt="图 44.2. 一个 3x3 的网格"><figcaption>图 44.2. 一个 3x3 的网格</figcaption></figure>
<h3 id="%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E7%B6%B2%E6%A0%BC%E8%A6%96%E5%9C%96%E5%92%8C%E5%A0%86%E6%A3%A7%E8%A6%96%E5%9C%96">比较网格视图和堆栈视图</h3>
<p>你可能想知道为什么我们需要使用 <code>Grid</code> API。 我们其实可以使用 <code>HStack</code> 和 <code>VStack</code>创建相同的网格 UI。 那么，苹果为什么要引入这个新的 API？ 对！你可以使用堆栈视图构建相同的网格。 然而，有一个主要的区别使得 <code>Grid</code> 视图在构建网格布局时更受欢迎。</p>
<p>让我们使用下面的代码创建另一个 2x2 网格：</p>
<pre><code class="lang-swift"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContentView</span>: <span class="hljs-title">View</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> body: some <span class="hljs-type">View</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Grid</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>))
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">50</span>))
}
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.green
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.yellow
}
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>这次，第一行显示两个系统图像，第二行显示彩色视图。 您的预览应显示如下所示的网格。</p>
<figure id="fig44.3"><img src="images/grid/swiftui-grid-3.png" alt="图 44.3. 2x2 网格以显示图像和颜色视图"><figcaption>图 44.3. 2x2 网格以显示图像和颜色视图</figcaption></figure>
<p>要使用嵌套的<code>VStack</code>和<code>HStack</code>构建相同的网格布局，我们可以编写如下代码：</p>
<pre><code class="lang-swift"><span class="hljs-type">VStack</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">HStack</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>))
.frame(minWidth: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, maxWidth: .infinity)
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">50</span>))
.frame(minWidth: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, maxWidth: .infinity)
}
<span class="hljs-type">HStack</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.green
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.yellow
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>在默认的情况下，<code>Grid</code> 视图的每一列在一行中占据相等的空间。 但对于 <code>HStack</code>，我们必须附加 <code>frame</code> 修饰器以使每张图像在行中占据相同的空间。</p>
<p><code>Grid</code> 视图只是让创建网格视图变得更容易，并提供了几个修改器来自定义网格布局。</p>
<h3 id="%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-gridcellcolumns-%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E6%A0%BC">使用 gridCellColumns 合并单元格</h3>
<p>创建网格视图时，你可能希望在特定行中显示单个单元格，而其他行继续显示多个单元格。 <code>gridCellColumns</code> 修饰器专为你合并单元格而设计。 这是一个例子：</p>
<pre><code class="lang-swift"><span class="hljs-type">Grid</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>))
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">50</span>))
}
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Color</span>.purple
.overlay {
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: <span class="hljs-string">"magazine.fill"</span>)
.font(.system(size: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>))
.foregroundColor(.white)
}
.gridCellColumns(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>第二行只有一个单元格。 我们附加 <code>gridCellColumn</code> 修饰器并将其值设置为 <code>2</code> 以合并单元格。 如果你不使用修饰器，就会看到一个空白单元格。</p>
<figure id="fig44.4"><img src="images/grid/swiftui-grid-4.png" alt="图 44.4. 合并单元格"><figcaption>图 44.4. 合并单元格</figcaption></figure>
<h3 id="%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%A9%BA%E7%99%BD%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E6%A0%BC">添加空白单元格</h3>
<figure id="fig44.5"><img src="images/grid/swiftui-grid-5.png" alt="图 44.5. 3x3 网格视图"><figcaption>图 44.5. 3x3 网格视图</figcaption></figure>
<p>现在让我们像这样创建另一个 3x3 网格视图：</p>
<pre><code class="lang-swift"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title">ContentView</span>: <span class="hljs-title">View</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> body: some <span class="hljs-type">View</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Grid</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
}
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
}
<span class="hljs-type">GridRow</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
<span class="hljs-type">IconView</span>(name: <span class="hljs-string">"cloud"</span>)
}
}
}
}
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title">IconView</span>: <span class="hljs-title">View</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> name: <span class="hljs-type">String</span> = <span class="hljs-string">"trash"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> body: some <span class="hljs-type">View</span> {
<span class="hljs-type">Image</span>(systemName: name)
.frame(width: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>, height: <span class="hljs-number">100</span>)