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# mkdocs files | ||
overrides/ | ||
site/ | ||
codes/ | ||
codes/python | ||
codes/cpp | ||
docs/chapter_* |
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package chapter_array_and_linkedlist; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom; | ||
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public class array { | ||
/* 随机返回一个数组元素 */ | ||
static int randomAccess(int[] nums) { | ||
// 在区间 [0, nums.length) 中随机抽取一个数字 | ||
int randomIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current(). | ||
nextInt(0, nums.length); | ||
// 获取并返回随机元素 | ||
int randomNum = nums[randomIndex]; | ||
return randomNum; | ||
} | ||
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/* 扩展数组长度 */ | ||
static int[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) { | ||
// 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组 | ||
int[] res = new int[nums.length + enlarge]; | ||
// 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组 | ||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { | ||
res[i] = nums[i]; | ||
} | ||
// 返回扩展后的新数组 | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
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/* 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num */ | ||
static void insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) { | ||
// 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位 | ||
for (int i = nums.length - 1; i >= index; i--) { | ||
nums[i] = nums[i - 1]; | ||
} | ||
// 将 num 赋给 index 处元素 | ||
nums[index] = num; | ||
} | ||
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/* 删除索引 index 处元素 */ | ||
static void remove(int[] nums, int index) { | ||
// 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位 | ||
for (int i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) { | ||
nums[i] = nums[i + 1]; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 遍历数组 */ | ||
static void traverse(int[] nums) { | ||
int count = 0; | ||
// 通过索引遍历数组 | ||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { | ||
count++; | ||
} | ||
// 直接遍历数组 | ||
for (int num : nums) { | ||
count++; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* 在数组中查找指定元素 */ | ||
static int find(int[] nums, int target) { | ||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { | ||
if (nums[i] == target) | ||
return i; | ||
} | ||
return -1; | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
/* 初始化数组 */ | ||
int[] arr = new int[5]; | ||
System.out.println("数组 arr = " + Arrays.toString(arr)); | ||
int[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 }; | ||
System.out.println("数组 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums)); | ||
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/* 随机访问 */ | ||
int randomNum = randomAccess(nums); | ||
System.out.println("在 nums 中获取随机元素 " + randomNum); | ||
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/* 长度扩展 */ | ||
nums = extend(nums, 3); | ||
System.out.println("将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums)); | ||
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/* 插入元素 */ | ||
insert(nums, 6, 3); | ||
System.out.println("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums)); | ||
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/* 删除元素 */ | ||
remove(nums, 2); | ||
System.out.println("删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums)); | ||
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/* 遍历数组 */ | ||
traverse(nums); | ||
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/* 查找元素 */ | ||
int index = find(nums, 3); | ||
System.out.println("在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 = " + index); | ||
} | ||
} |
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package chapter_array_and_linkedlist; | ||
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import include.*; | ||
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public class linked_list { | ||
/* 在链表的结点 n0 之后插入结点 P */ | ||
static void insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) { | ||
ListNode n1 = n0.next; | ||
n0.next = P; | ||
P.next = n1; | ||
} | ||
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/* 删除链表的结点 n0 之后的首个结点 */ | ||
static void remove(ListNode n0) { | ||
if (n0.next == null) | ||
return; | ||
// n0 -> P -> n1 | ||
ListNode P = n0.next; | ||
ListNode n1 = P.next; | ||
n0.next = n1; | ||
} | ||
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/* 访问链表中索引为 index 的结点 */ | ||
static ListNode access(ListNode head, int index) { | ||
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { | ||
head = head.next; | ||
if (head == null) | ||
return null; | ||
} | ||
return head; | ||
} | ||
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/* 在链表中查找值为 target 的首个结点 */ | ||
static int find(ListNode head, int target) { | ||
int index = 0; | ||
while (head != null) { | ||
if (head.val == target) | ||
return index; | ||
head = head.next; | ||
index++; | ||
} | ||
return -1; | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
/* 初始化链表 */ | ||
// 初始化各个结点 | ||
ListNode n0 = new ListNode(1); | ||
ListNode n1 = new ListNode(3); | ||
ListNode n2 = new ListNode(2); | ||
ListNode n3 = new ListNode(5); | ||
ListNode n4 = new ListNode(4); | ||
// 构建引用指向 | ||
n0.next = n1; | ||
n1.next = n2; | ||
n2.next = n3; | ||
n3.next = n4; | ||
System.out.println("初始化的链表为"); | ||
PrintUtil.printLinkedList(n0); | ||
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/* 插入结点 */ | ||
insert(n0, new ListNode(0)); | ||
System.out.println("插入结点后的链表为"); | ||
PrintUtil.printLinkedList(n0); | ||
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/* 删除结点 */ | ||
remove(n0); | ||
System.out.println("删除结点后的链表为"); | ||
PrintUtil.printLinkedList(n0); | ||
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/* 访问结点 */ | ||
ListNode node = access(n0, 3); | ||
System.out.println("链表中索引 3 处的结点的值 = " + node.val); | ||
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/* 查找结点 */ | ||
int index = find(n0, 2); | ||
System.out.println("链表中值为 2 的结点的索引 = " + index); | ||
} | ||
} |
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package chapter_array_and_linkedlist; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
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public class list { | ||
public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
/* 初始化列表 */ | ||
// 注意数组的元素类型是 int[] 的包装类 Integer[] | ||
Integer[] numbers = new Integer[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 }; | ||
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(numbers)); | ||
System.out.println("列表 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 访问元素 */ | ||
int num = list.get(1); | ||
System.out.println("访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = " + num); | ||
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/* 更新元素 */ | ||
list.set(1, 0); | ||
System.out.println("将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 清空列表 */ | ||
list.clear(); | ||
System.out.println("清空列表后 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 尾部添加元素 */ | ||
list.add(1); | ||
list.add(3); | ||
list.add(2); | ||
list.add(5); | ||
list.add(4); | ||
System.out.println("添加元素后 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 中间插入元素 */ | ||
list.add(3, 6); | ||
System.out.println("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 删除元素 */ | ||
list.remove(3); | ||
System.out.println("删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 通过索引遍历列表 */ | ||
int count = 0; | ||
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { | ||
count++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 直接遍历列表元素 */ | ||
count = 0; | ||
for (int n : list) { | ||
count++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 拼接两个列表 */ | ||
List<Integer> list1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 })); | ||
list.addAll(list1); | ||
System.out.println("将列表 list1 拼接到 list 之后,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 排序列表 */ | ||
Collections.sort(list); | ||
System.out.println("排序列表后 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
} | ||
} |
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package chapter_array_and_linkedlist; | ||
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import java.util.*; | ||
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/* 列表类简易实现 */ | ||
class MyList { | ||
int[] nums; // 数组(存储列表元素) | ||
int initialCapacity = 10; // 列表初始容量 | ||
int size = 0; // 列表长度(即当前元素数量) | ||
int extendRatio = 2; // 每次列表扩容的倍数 | ||
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/* 构造函数 */ | ||
public MyList() { | ||
nums = new int[initialCapacity]; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取列表容量 */ | ||
public int size() { | ||
return size; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量) */ | ||
public int capacity() { | ||
return nums.length; | ||
} | ||
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/* 访问元素 */ | ||
public int get(int index) { | ||
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同 | ||
if (index >= size) | ||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("索引越界"); | ||
return nums[index]; | ||
} | ||
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/* 更新元素 */ | ||
public void set(int index, int num) { | ||
if (index >= size) | ||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("索引越界"); | ||
nums[index] = num; | ||
} | ||
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/* 尾部添加元素 */ | ||
public void add(int num) { | ||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制 | ||
if (size == nums.length) | ||
extendCapacity(); | ||
nums[size] = num; | ||
// 更新元素数量 | ||
size++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 中间插入元素 */ | ||
public void add(int index, int num) { | ||
if (index >= size) | ||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("索引越界"); | ||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制 | ||
if (size == nums.length) | ||
extendCapacity(); | ||
// 索引 i 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位 | ||
for (int j = size - 1; j >= index; j--) { | ||
nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; | ||
} | ||
nums[index] = num; | ||
// 更新元素数量 | ||
size++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 删除元素 */ | ||
public void remove(int index) { | ||
if (index >= size) | ||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("索引越界"); | ||
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位 | ||
for (int j = index; j < size - 1; j++) { | ||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1]; | ||
} | ||
// 更新元素数量 | ||
size--; | ||
} | ||
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/* 列表扩容 */ | ||
public void extendCapacity() { | ||
// 新建一个长度为 size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组 | ||
nums = Arrays.copyOf(nums, nums.length * extendRatio); | ||
} | ||
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/* 将列表转换为数组 */ | ||
public int[] toArray() { | ||
int size = size(); | ||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素 | ||
int[] nums = new int[size]; | ||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { | ||
nums[i] = get(i); | ||
} | ||
return nums; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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public class my_list { | ||
/* Driver Code */ | ||
public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
/* 初始化列表 */ | ||
MyList list = new MyList(); | ||
/* 尾部添加元素 */ | ||
list.add(1); | ||
list.add(3); | ||
list.add(2); | ||
list.add(5); | ||
list.add(4); | ||
System.out.println("列表 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray()) + | ||
" ,容量 = " + list.capacity() + " ,长度 = " + list.size()); | ||
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/* 中间插入元素 */ | ||
list.add(3, 6); | ||
System.out.println("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 删除元素 */ | ||
list.remove(3); | ||
System.out.println("删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 访问元素 */ | ||
int num = list.get(1); | ||
System.out.println("访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = " + num); | ||
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/* 更新元素 */ | ||
list.set(1, 0); | ||
System.out.println("将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray())); | ||
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/* 测试扩容机制 */ | ||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { | ||
// 在 i = 5 时,列表长度将超出列表容量,此时触发扩容机制 | ||
list.add(i); | ||
} | ||
System.out.println("扩容后的列表 list = " + Arrays.toString(list.toArray()) + | ||
" ,容量 = " + list.capacity() + " ,长度 = " + list.size()); | ||
} | ||
} |
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