[Week 2] Theory and assignment (IRIS-NITK#60)

* Update Discord invite link
* Add resource links from previous year

Co-authored-by: KeerthiBhushanM <[email protected]>

.github/workflows/week2.yml

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+name: 'Week 2 Assignment'
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [synchronize, opened, reopened, edited]
+    branches:
+      - 'week2_*'
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  week2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Install Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 3.0.5
+          working-directory: week_2
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Test Prime
+        working-directory: week_2
+        run: ruby prime_test.rb
+
+      - name: Test Pet store
+        working-directory: week_2
+        run: ruby pet_test.rb

.gitignore

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+*.rbc
+capybara-*.html
+.rspec
+/db/*.sqlite3
+/db/*.sqlite3-journal
+/db/*.sqlite3-[0-9]*
+/public/system
+/coverage/
+/spec/tmp
+*.orig
+rerun.txt
+pickle-email-*.html
+
+# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles.
+/log/*
+/tmp/*
+!/log/.keep
+!/tmp/.keep
+
+# dotenv
+# TODO Comment out this rule if environment variables can be committed
+.env
+
+## Environment normalization:
+/.bundle
+/vendor/bundle
+
+# these should all be checked in to normalize the environment:
+# Gemfile.lock, .ruby-version, .ruby-gemset
+
+# unless supporting rvm < 1.11.0 or doing something fancy, ignore this:
+.rvmrc
+
+# if using bower-rails ignore default bower_components path bower.json files
+/vendor/assets/bower_components
+*.bowerrc
+bower.json
+
+# Ignore pow environment settings
+.powenv
+
+
+# Ignore node_modules
+node_modules/
+
+
+# Ignore yarn files
+/yarn-error.log
+yarn-debug.log*
+.yarn-integrity
+
+
+**/imp.rb
+**/p_imp.rb

week_2/README.md

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+# Week 2 - Ruby
+- [Intro to Ruby](./intro_to_ruby.md)
+
+To make you familar with ruby syntax, we have created some exercises to help you
+learn and practice Ruby syntax - covering conditional statements (`if`, `else`, `elsif`), 
+different ways of iteration (`each`, `map`) and some object oriented code.
+
+If you not familiar with programming concepts like `variable`, `function` and `class`,
+you can refer to the following resources
+- [TryRuby](https://try.ruby-lang.org/)
+- [Learn Ruby the Hard Way](https://learnrubythehardway.org/book/).
+
+## Pre-requisites
+- [Ruby is installed](https://github.com/IRIS-NITK/IRIS-RoR-Bootcamp-2022/tree/week2_assignment/setup).
+
+> Follow this guide to [setup your workspace](https://github.com/IRIS-NITK/IRIS-RoR-Bootcamp-2022/tree/week2_assignment/setup)
+
+- Make sure you are in the correct directory(week_2) while running commands
+```bash
+cd week_2
+ls #imp.rb   p_imp.rb   pet.rb   pet_test.rb ....
+rvm gemset create week_2
+rvm use 3.0.5@week_2
+ruby <file_name>
+```
+
+## Submission
+- Use the week2_<your_name> branch for your work
+```bash
+git checkout -b week2_<your_name>
+```
+- Your Pull Request will be graded by the automated tests.
+- Once you have completed the assignment, submit a Pull
+Request with your work to the branch `week2_assignment` **(not `main`)**.
+
+## Prime number
+
+This is a simple assignment to familiarize ourself with ruby.
+In this assignment we will learn about loops in ruby and a bit of
+error handling.
+
+A [prime number](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number) is a 
+whole number greater than 1 that cannot be exactly divided by 
+any whole number other than itself and 1 
+(e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).
+
+The function below takes a [keyword argument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named_parameter) `n` and 
+returns an array of prime numbers less than or equal to `n`.
+
+For example, `prime_numbers(n: 20)` should return the following:
+`[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19]`
+
+If the user gives a invalid input like -4.
+We will raise an `ArgumentError` exception to let the caller know that
+their function arguments were incorrect.
+
+**Note** - Do not use use the inbuilt `prime` library
+> Implement the function `prime_numbers` in the file [`prime_numbers.rb`](prime_numbers.rb)
+> and test your code with `ruby prime_test.rb`.
+
+- [Ruby - if...else, case, unless - TutorialPoint](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/ruby_if_else.htm)
+- [Ruby Keyword Arguments](https://thoughtbot.com/upcase/videos/ruby-keyword-arguments)
+- [How to Use Ruby Conversion Methods](https://www.rubyguides.com/2018/09/ruby-conversion-methods/)
+- [A Beginner's Guide to Exceptions in Ruby](https://www.honeybadger.io/blog/a-beginner-s-guide-to-exceptions-in-ruby/)
+
+## Pet Store
+
+You are working at a pet store and want to build a system
+to let the pet owners know the maintenance cost of their pets.
+
+The pet is represented using the `Pet` class. A `Pet` stores 
+the following information:
+- Name of the pet (`name`)
+- Type of animal(Mammals, Fish ...)(`animal_type_id`)
+- Food consumed by the pet per day in Kg(`food_consumed_per_day`)
+
+> Implement the class `Pet` above in the file [`pet.rb`](pet.rb) and test
+> your code with `ruby pet_test.rb`.
+
+- [attr_accessor, attr_writer and attr_reader](https://www.rubyguides.com/2018/11/attr_accessor/)
+- [map](https://apidock.com/ruby/Enumerable/map)
+- [Ruby - Classes and Objects](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ruby/ruby_classes.htm)
+- [Class and Instance Methods in Ruby](http://www.railstips.org/blog/archives/2009/05/11/class-and-instance-methods-in-ruby/)
+- [group_by (Enumerable)](https://apidock.com/ruby/Enumerable/group_by)
+- [reduce (Enumerable)](https://apidock.com/ruby/Enumerable/reduce)
+
+
+## Interactive Console
+
+You can use the interactive ruby (`irb`) to help understand and debug
+your code. `irb` is similar to python's interactive console and lets you
+run any ruby code.
+
+For example, to debug `prime_numbers.rb` do the following:
+- Open a ruby console using `irb`.
+- Include the ruby program using `require_relative 'prime_numbers'`.
+- Execute the function (or any valid ruby statement using the
+  interpreter).
+
+![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/66632353/209439834-f103fe31-4d5f-41d0-83e6-f2559163f7fb.png)
+
+- [How to use IRB to Explore Ruby](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-irb-to-explore-ruby)