JSONDecoder拓展支持可选类型转换，并支持默认值

JSONCodable.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>IDEDidComputeMac32BitWarning</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

JSONCodable/AppDelegate.swift

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+//
+//  AppDelegate.swift
+//  JSONCodable
+//
+//  Created by Hackice on 2019/6/20.
+//  Copyright © 2019 Hackice. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+import UIKit
+
+@UIApplicationMain
+class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
+
+    var window: UIWindow?
+
+
+    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
+        // Override point for customization after application launch.
+        return true
+    }
+
+    func applicationWillResignActive(_ application: UIApplication) {
+        // Sent when the application is about to move from active to inactive state. This can occur for certain types of temporary interruptions (such as an incoming phone call or SMS message) or when the user quits the application and it begins the transition to the background state.
+        // Use this method to pause ongoing tasks, disable timers, and invalidate graphics rendering callbacks. Games should use this method to pause the game.
+    }
+
+    func applicationDidEnterBackground(_ application: UIApplication) {
+        // Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
+        // If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
+    }
+
+    func applicationWillEnterForeground(_ application: UIApplication) {
+        // Called as part of the transition from the background to the active state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
+    }
+
+    func applicationDidBecomeActive(_ application: UIApplication) {
+        // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
+    }
+
+    func applicationWillTerminate(_ application: UIApplication) {
+        // Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
+    }
+
+
+}
+

JSONCodable/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json

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+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "83.5x83.5",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ios-marketing",
+      "size" : "1024x1024",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

JSONCodable/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

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+{
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

JSONCodable/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="13122.16" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" launchScreen="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" useSafeAreas="YES" colorMatched="YES" initialViewController="01J-lp-oVM">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="13104.12"/>
+        <capability name="Safe area layout guides" minToolsVersion="9.0"/>
+        <capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--View Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="EHf-IW-A2E">
+            <objects>
+                <viewController id="01J-lp-oVM" sceneMemberID="viewController">
+                    <view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="Ze5-6b-2t3">
+                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="375" height="667"/>
+                        <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
+                        <viewLayoutGuide key="safeArea" id="6Tk-OE-BBY"/>
+                    </view>
+                </viewController>
+                <placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="iYj-Kq-Ea1" userLabel="First Responder" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
+            </objects>
+            <point key="canvasLocation" x="53" y="375"/>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>

JSONCodable/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="13122.16" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" useSafeAreas="YES" colorMatched="YES" initialViewController="BYZ-38-t0r">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="13104.12"/>
+        <capability name="Safe area layout guides" minToolsVersion="9.0"/>
+        <capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--View Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="tne-QT-ifu">
+            <objects>
+                <viewController id="BYZ-38-t0r" customClass="ViewController" customModuleProvider="target" sceneMemberID="viewController">
+                    <view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="8bC-Xf-vdC">
+                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="375" height="667"/>
+                        <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
+                        <viewLayoutGuide key="safeArea" id="6Tk-OE-BBY"/>
+                    </view>
+                </viewController>
+                <placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="dkx-z0-nzr" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
+            </objects>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>

JSONCodable/Info.plist

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>$(DEVELOPMENT_LANGUAGE)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>LSRequiresIPhoneOS</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+	<string>LaunchScreen</string>
+	<key>UIMainStoryboardFile</key>
+	<string>Main</string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>armv7</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations~ipad</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

JSONCodable/JSONCodable/JSONCodable.swift

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+//
+//  JSONCodable.swift
+//  JSONCodable
+//
+//  Created by Hackice on 2019/6/20.
+//  Copyright © 2019 Hackice. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+protocol JSONCodable: JSONDecodable, JSONEncodable {}
+
+protocol JSONDecodable { }
+
+protocol JSONEncodable { }
+
+// MARK: - 键值对解码
+/*
+extension KeyedDecodingContainer {
+
+    private func safeDecode(_ type: Int.Type, forKey key: KeyedDecodingContainer.Key) throws -> Int  {
+        var value: Int
+        do {
+            value = try decode(Int.self, forKey: key)
+        } catch {
+            let err = error as! DecodingError
+            switch err {
+            case .typeMismatch(_, _):
+                if let transform = try (decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: key) as NSString?)?.integerValue {
+                    value = transform
+                } else {
+                    throw err
+                }
+            default:
+                throw err
+            }
+        }
+        return value
+    }
+
+    private func safeDecode(_ type: String.Type, forKey key: KeyedDecodingContainer.Key) throws -> String  {
+        var value: String
+        do {
+            value = try decode(String.self, forKey: key)
+        } catch {
+            let err = error as! DecodingError
+            switch err {
+            case .typeMismatch(_, _):
+                if let transform = try decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: key) as NSString? {
+                    value = transform as String
+                } else {
+                    throw err
+                }
+            default:
+                throw err
+            }
+        }
+        return value
+    }
+
+    func decode<T: Decodable>(key: KeyedDecodingContainer.Key) throws -> T {
+        var value: T
+        if T.self == Int.self {
+            value = try safeDecode(Int.self, forKey: key) as! T
+        } else {
+            value = try decode(T.self, forKey: key)
+        }
+        return value
+    }
+
+    // for optional
+    func decodeIfPresent<T: Decodable>(key: KeyedDecodingContainer.Key) -> T? {
+        var value: T?
+        if T.self == Int.self {
+            value = try? safeDecode(Int.self, forKey: key) as? T
+        } else if T.self == String.self {
+            value = try? safeDecode(String.self, forKey: key) as? T
+        } else {
+            value = try? decode(T.self, forKey: key) as T?
+        }
+        return value
+    }
+}
+*/