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Awesome Crowd CountingAwesome

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Contents

Misc

News

  • [2020.04] The JHU-CROWD++ Dataset is released.
  • [2021.04] The RGBT-CC Benchmark is released.

Call for Papers

  • [IET Image Processing] Special Issue on: Crowd Understanding and Analysis [Link] [PDF]

Challenge

Code

  • [C^3 Framework] An open-source PyTorch code for crowd counting, which is released. GitHub stars
  • [CCLabeler] A web tool for labeling pedestrians in an image, which is released. GitHub stars

Technical blog

  • [Chinese Blog] 人群计数论文解读 [Link]
  • [2019.05] [Chinese Blog] C^3 Framework系列之一:一个基于PyTorch的开源人群计数框架 [Link]
  • [2019.04] Crowd counting from scratch [Link]
  • [2017.11] Counting Crowds and Lines with AI [Link1] [Link2] [Code]GitHub stars

GT generation

Related Tasks

Crowd Analysis, Crowd Localization, Video Surveillance, Dense/Small/Tiny Object Detection

Datasets

Please refer to this page.

Papers

Considering the increasing number of papers in this field, we roughly summarize some articles and put them into the following categories (they are still listed in this document):

[Top Conference/Journal] [Survey] [Un-/semi-/weakly-/self- Supervised Learning]
[Auxiliary Tasks] [Localization] [Transfer Learning and Domain Adaptation]
[Light-weight Models] [Video] [Network Design, Search]
[Perspective Map] [Attention] Todo

arXiv papers

Note that all unpublished arXiv papers are not included in the leaderboard of performance.

  • Motion-guided Non-local Spatial-Temporal Network for Video Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Towards Adversarial Patch Analysis and Certified Defense against Crowd Counting [paper]
  • TransCrowd: Weakly-Supervised Crowd Counting with Transformer [paper]
  • Leveraging Self-Supervision for Cross-Domain Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Multi-channel Deep Supervision for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps for Crowd Localization and Counting in Dense Crowd [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • Enhanced Information Fusion Network for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Scale-Aware Network with Regional and Semantic Attentions for Crowd Counting under Cluttered Background [paper]
  • CNN-based Single Image Crowd Counting: Network Design, Loss Function and Supervisory Signal [paper]
  • Dilated-Scale-Aware Attention ConvNet For Multi-Class Object Counting [paper]
  • STNet: Scale Tree Network with Multi-level Auxiliator for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Learning Independent Instance Maps for Crowd Localization [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • PSCNet: Pyramidal Scale and Global Context Guided Network for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Wide-Area Crowd Counting: Multi-View Fusion Networks for Counting in Large Scenes [paper](extension of MVMS)
  • Counting People by Estimating People Flows [paper][code]GitHub stars
Earlier ArXiv Papers
  • A Strong Baseline for Crowd Counting and Unsupervised People Localization [paper]
  • Multi-Resolution Fusion and Multi-scale Input Priors Based Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Completely Self-Supervised Crowd Counting via Distribution Matching [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • A Study of Human Gaze Behavior During Visual Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Bayesian Multi Scale Neural Network for Crowd Counting [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • DeepCorn: A Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Method for High-Throughput Image-Based Corn Kernel Counting and Yield Estimation [paper]
  • Dense Crowds Detection and Counting with a Lightweight Architecture [paper]
  • Exploit the potential of Multi-column architecture for Crowd Counting [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • Recurrent Distillation based Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Interlayer and Intralayer Scale Aggregation for Scale-invariant Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Ambient Sound Helps: Audiovisual Crowd Counting in Extreme Conditions [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • CNN-based Density Estimation and Crowd Counting: A Survey [paper]
  • Drone Based RGBT Vehicle Detection and Counting: A Challenge [paper]
  • PDANet: Pyramid Density-aware Attention Net for Accurate Crowd Counting [paper]
  • From Open Set to Closed Set: Supervised Spatial Divide-and-Conquer for Object Counting [paper](extension of S-DCNet)
  • AutoScale: Learning to Scale for Crowd Counting [paper](extension of L2SM)
  • Domain-adaptive Crowd Counting via Inter-domain Features Segregation and Gaussian-prior Reconstruction [paper]
  • Drone-based Joint Density Map Estimation, Localization and Tracking with Space-Time Multi-Scale Attention Network [paper][code]
  • Using Depth for Pixel-Wise Detection of Adversarial Attacks in Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Segmentation Guided Attention Network for Crowd Counting via Curriculum Learning [paper]
  • Dense Scale Network for Crowd Counting [paper][unofficial code: PyTorch]GitHub stars
  • Content-aware Density Map for Crowd Counting and Density Estimation [paper]
  • Crowd Transformer Network [paper]
  • W-Net: Reinforced U-Net for Density Map Estimation [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • Dual Path Multi-Scale Fusion Networks with Attention for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Scale-Aware Attention Network for Crowd Counting [paper]
  • Crowd Counting with Density Adaption Networks [paper]
  • Improving Object Counting with Heatmap Regulation [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • Structured Inhomogeneous Density Map Learning for Crowd Counting [paper]
### 2022
  • Attention-Guided Collaborative Counting (TIP2022)[paper]

  • Localization in Crowds with Loosen-structured Pair-of-points Loss (ICVRV2022)

2021

  • A Generalized Loss Function for Crowd Counting and Localization (CVPR2021)
  • Cross-View Cross-Scene Multi-View Crowd Counting (CVPR2021)
  • [STANet] Detection, Tracking, and Counting Meets Drones in Crowds: A Benchmark (CVPR2021) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [SCALNet] Dense Point Prediction: A Simple Baseline for Crowd Counting and Localization (ICMEW) [paper]
  • [RGBT-CC] Cross-Modal Collaborative Representation Learning and a Large-Scale RGBT Benchmark for Crowd Counting (CVPR2021) [paper][code]
  • [EDIREC-Net] Error-Aware Density Isomorphism Reconstruction for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Crowd Counting (AAAI2021) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [SASNet] To Choose or to Fuse? Scale Selection for Crowd Counting (AAAI2021) [paper][code]
  • Learning to Count via Unbalanced Optimal Transport (AAAI2021)
  • [TopoCount] Localization in the Crowd with Topological Constraints (AAAI2021) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [CFANet] Coarse- and Fine-grained Attention Network with Background-aware Loss for Crowd Density Map Estimation (WACV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [BSCC] Understanding the impact of mistakes on background regions in crowd counting (WACV) [paper]
  • [CFOCNet] Class-agnostic Few-shot Object Counting (WACV) [paper]
  • [NLT] Neuron Linear Transformation: Modeling the Domain Shift for Crowd Counting (T-NNLS) [paper] [code]]GitHub stars
  • [MATT] Towards Using Count-level Weak Supervision for Crowd Counting (Pattern Recognition) [paper]
  • [D2C] Decoupled Two-Stage Crowd Counting and Beyond (TIP) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [TBC] Tracking-by-Counting: Using Network Flows on Crowd Density Maps for Tracking Multiple Targets (TIP) [paper]
  • [FGCC] Fine-Grained Crowd Counting (TIP) [paper]
  • [PSODC] A Self-Training Approach for Point-Supervised Object Detection and Counting in Crowds (TIP) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [EPA] Embedding Perspective Analysis Into Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting (TIP) [paper]
  • [STDNet] Spatiotemporal Dilated Convolution with Uncertain Matching for Video-based Crowd Estimation (TMM) [paper]
  • [AdaCrowd] AdaCrowd: Unlabeled Scene Adaptation for Crowd Counting (TMM) [paper][code]GitHub stars

2020

  • [MH-METRONET] MH-MetroNet—A Multi-Head CNN for Passenger-Crowd Attendance Estimation (JImaging) [paper][code]
  • [M-SFANet] Encoder-Decoder Based Convolutional Neural Networks with Multi-Scale-Aware Modules for Crowd Counting (ICPR) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [JHU-CROWD] JHU-CROWD++: Large-Scale Crowd Counting Dataset and A Benchmark Method (T-PAMI) [paper](extension of CG-DRCN)
  • [DM-Count] Distribution Matching for Crowd Counting (NeurIPS) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [MNA] Modeling Noisy Annotations for Crowd Counting (NeurIPS) [paper]
  • [KDMG] Kernel-based Density Map Generation for Dense Object Counting (T-PAMI) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [NWPU] NWPU-Crowd: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Crowd Counting and Localization (T-PAMI) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [PWCU] Pixel-wise Crowd Understanding via Synthetic Data (IJCV) [paper]GitHub stars
  • [SKT] Efficient Crowd Counting via Structured Knowledge Transfer (ACM MM(oral)) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [DPN] Learning Scales from Points: A Scale-aware Probabilistic Model for Crowd Counting (ACM MM(oral)) [paper]
  • [RDBT] Towards Unsupervised Crowd Counting via Regression-Detection Bi-knowledge Transfer (ACM MM) [paper]
  • [PeopleFlow] Estimating People Flows to Better Count Them in Crowded Scenes (ECCV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [AMSNet] NAS-Count: Counting-by-Density with Neural Architecture Search (ECCV) [paper]
  • [AMRNet] Adaptive Mixture Regression Network with Local Counting Map for Crowd Counting (ECCV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [LibraNet] Weighting Counts: Sequential Crowd Counting by Reinforcement Learning (ECCV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [GP] Learning to Count in the Crowd from Limited Labeled Data (ECCV) [paper]
  • [IRAST] Semi-supervised Crowd Counting via Self-training on Surrogate Tasks (ECCV) [paper]
  • [PSSW] Active Crowd Counting with Limited Supervision (ECCV) [paper]
  • [CCLS] Weakly-Supervised Crowd Counting Learns from Sorting rather than Locations (ECCV) [paper]
  • [EPF] Estimating People Flows to Better Count them in Crowded Scenes (ECCV) [paper]
  • A Flow Base Bi-path Network for Cross-scene Video Crowd Understanding in Aerial View (ECCVW) [paper]
  • [ADSCNet] Adaptive Dilated Network with Self-Correction Supervision for Counting (CVPR) [paper]
  • [RPNet] Reverse Perspective Network for Perspective-Aware Object Counting (CVPR) [paper] [code]
  • [ASNet] Attention Scaling for Crowd Counting (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [LSC-CNN] Locate, Size and Count: Accurately Resolving People in Dense Crowds via Detection (T-PAMI) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [SRF-Net] Scale-Aware Rolling Fusion Network for Crowd Counting (ICME) [paper]
  • [HSRNet] Crowd Counting via Hierarchical Scale Recalibration Network (ECAI) [paper]
  • [DeepCount] Deep Density-aware Count Regressor (ECAI) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [SOFA-Net] SOFA-Net: Second-Order and First-order Attention Network for Crowd Counting (BMVC) [paper]
  • [CWAN] Weakly Supervised Crowd-Wise Attention For Robust Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [AGRD] Attention Guided Region Division for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [BBA-NET] BBA-NET: A Bi-Branch Attention Network For Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [SMANet] Stochastic Multi-Scale Aggregation Network for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [Stacked-Pool] Stacked Pooling For Boosting Scale Invariance Of Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper] [arxiv] [code]GitHub stars
  • [MSPNET] Multi-supervised Parallel Network for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [ASPDNet] Counting dense objects in remote sensing images (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [FSC] Focus on Semantic Consistency for Cross-domain Crowd Understanding (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [C-CNN] A Real-Time Deep Network for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [arxiv][ieee]
  • [HyGnn] Hybrid Graph Neural Networks for Crowd Counting (AAAI) [paper]
  • [DUBNet] Crowd Counting with Decomposed Uncertainty (AAAI) [paper]
  • [SDANet] Shallow Feature based Dense Attention Network for Crowd Counting (AAAI) [paper]
  • [3DCC] 3D Crowd Counting via Multi-View Fusion with 3D Gaussian Kernels (AAAI) [paper][Project]
  • [FSSA] Few-Shot Scene Adaptive Crowd Counting Using Meta-Learning (WACV) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [CC-Mod] Plug-and-Play Rescaling Based Crowd Counting in Static Images (WACV) [paper]
  • [CTN] Uncertainty Estimation and Sample Selection for Crowd Counting (ACCV) [paper]
  • [CLPNet] Cross-Level Parallel Network for Crowd Counting (TII) [paper]
  • [HA-CCN] HA-CCN: Hierarchical Attention-based Crowd Counting Network (TIP) [paper]
  • [PaDNet] PaDNet: Pan-Density Crowd Counting (TIP) [paper]
  • [CRNet] Crowd Counting via Cross-stage Refinement Networks (TIP) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [BNFDD] Background Noise Filtering and Distribution Dividing for Crowd Counting (TIP) [paper]
  • [FADA] Feature-aware Adaptation and Density Alignment for Crowd Counting in Video Surveillance (TCYB) [paper]
  • [MS-GAN] Adversarial Learning for Multiscale Crowd Counting Under Complex Scenes (TCYB) [paper]
  • [DCL] Density-aware Curriculum Learning for Crowd Counting (TCYB) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [ZoomCount] ZoomCount: A Zooming Mechanism for Crowd Counting in Static Images (T-CSVT) [paper]
  • [Deem] Scale-Aware Crowd Counting via Depth-Embedded Convolutional Neural Networks (T-CSVT) [paper]
  • [DensityCNN] Density-Aware Multi-Task Learning for Crowd Counting (TMM) [paper]
  • [DENet] DENet: A Universal Network for Counting Crowd with Varying Densities and Scales (TMM) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [FMLF] Crowd Density Estimation Using Fusion of Multi-Layer Features (TITS) [paper]
  • [MLSTN] Multi-level feature fusion based Locality-Constrained Spatial Transformer network for video crowd counting (Neurocomputing) [paper](extension of LSTN)
  • [SRN+PS] Scale-Recursive Network with point supervision for crowd scene analysis (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [ASDF] Counting crowds with varying densities via adaptive scenario discovery framework (Neurocomputing) [paper](extension of ASD)
  • [CAT-CNN] Crowd counting with crowd attention convolutional neural network (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [RRP] Relevant Region Prediction for Crowd Counting (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [SCAN] Crowd Counting via Scale-Communicative Aggregation Networks (Neurocomputing) [paper](extension of MVSAN)
  • [MobileCount] MobileCount: An Efficient Encoder-Decoder Framework for Real-Time Crowd Counting (Neurocomputing) [conference paper] [journal paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [TAN] Fast Video Crowd Counting with a Temporal Aware Network (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [ikNN] Improving Dense Crowd Counting Convolutional Neural Networks using Inverse k-Nearest Neighbor Maps and Multiscale Upsampling (VISAPP) [paper]

2019

  • [D-ConvNet] Nonlinear Regression via Deep Negative Correlation Learning (T-PAMI) [paper](extension of D-ConvNet)[Project]
  • Generalizing semi-supervised generative adversarial networks to regression using feature contrasting (CVIU)[paper]
  • [CG-DRCN] Pushing the Frontiers of Unconstrained Crowd Counting: New Dataset and Benchmark Method (ICCV)[paper]
  • [ADMG] Adaptive Density Map Generation for Crowd Counting (ICCV)[paper]
  • [DSSINet] Crowd Counting with Deep Structured Scale Integration Network (ICCV) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [RANet] Relational Attention Network for Crowd Counting (ICCV)[paper]
  • [ANF] Attentional Neural Fields for Crowd Counting (ICCV)[paper]
  • [SPANet] Learning Spatial Awareness to Improve Crowd Counting (ICCV(oral)) [paper]
  • [MBTTBF] Multi-Level Bottom-Top and Top-Bottom Feature Fusion for Crowd Counting (ICCV) [paper]
  • [CFF] Counting with Focus for Free (ICCV) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [L2SM] Learn to Scale: Generating Multipolar Normalized Density Map for Crowd Counting (ICCV) [paper]
  • [S-DCNet] From Open Set to Closed Set: Counting Objects by Spatial Divide-and-Conquer (ICCV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [BL] Bayesian Loss for Crowd Count Estimation with Point Supervision (ICCV(oral)) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [PGCNet] Perspective-Guided Convolution Networks for Crowd Counting (ICCV) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [SACANet] Crowd Counting on Images with Scale Variation and Isolated Clusters (ICCVW) [paper]
  • [McML] Improving the Learning of Multi-column Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting (ACM MM) [paper]
  • [DADNet] DADNet: Dilated-Attention-Deformable ConvNet for Crowd Counting (ACM MM) [paper]
  • [MRNet] Crowd Counting via Multi-layer Regression (ACM MM) [paper]
  • [MRCNet] MRCNet: Crowd Counting and Density Map Estimation in Aerial and Ground Imagery (BMVCW)[paper]
  • [E3D] Enhanced 3D convolutional networks for crowd counting (BMVC) [paper]
  • [OSSS] One-Shot Scene-Specific Crowd Counting (BMVC) [paper]
  • [RAZ-Net] Recurrent Attentive Zooming for Joint Crowd Counting and Precise Localization (CVPR) [paper]
  • [RDNet] Density Map Regression Guided Detection Network for RGB-D Crowd Counting and Localization (CVPR) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [RRSP] Residual Regression with Semantic Prior for Crowd Counting (CVPR) [paper][code] GitHub stars
  • [MVMS] Wide-Area Crowd Counting via Ground-Plane Density Maps and Multi-View Fusion CNNs (CVPR) [paper] [Project] [Dataset&Code]
  • [AT-CFCN] Leveraging Heterogeneous Auxiliary Tasks to Assist Crowd Counting (CVPR) [paper]
  • [TEDnet] Crowd Counting and Density Estimation by Trellis Encoder-Decoder Networks (CVPR) [paper]
  • [CAN] Context-Aware Crowd Counting (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [PACNN] Revisiting Perspective Information for Efficient Crowd Counting (CVPR)[paper]
  • [PSDDN] Point in, Box out: Beyond Counting Persons in Crowds (CVPR(oral))[paper]
  • [ADCrowdNet] ADCrowdNet: An Attention-injective Deformable Convolutional Network for Crowd Understanding (CVPR) [paper]
  • [CCWld, SFCN] Learning from Synthetic Data for Crowd Counting in the Wild (CVPR) [paper] [Project] [arxiv] GitHub stars
  • [DG-GAN] Dense Crowd Counting Convolutional Neural Networks with Minimal Data using Semi-Supervised Dual-Goal Generative Adversarial Networks (CVPRW)[paper]
  • [GSP] Global Sum Pooling: A Generalization Trick for Object Counting with Small Datasets of Large Images (CVPRW)[paper]
  • [SL2R] Exploiting Unlabeled Data in CNNs by Self-supervised Learning to Rank (T-PAMI) [paper](extension of L2R)
  • [IA-DNN] Inverse Attention Guided Deep Crowd Counting Network (AVSS Best Paper) [paper]
  • [MTCNet] MTCNET: Multi-task Learning Paradigm for Crowd Count Estimation (AVSS) [paper]
  • [CODA] CODA: Counting Objects via Scale-aware Adversarial Density Adaption (ICME) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [LSTN] Locality-Constrained Spatial Transformer Network for Video Crowd Counting (ICME(oral)) [paper]
  • [DRD] Dynamic Region Division for Adaptive Learning Pedestrian Counting (ICME) [paper]
  • [MVSAN] Crowd Counting via Multi-View Scale Aggregation Networks (ICME) [paper]
  • [ASD] Adaptive Scenario Discovery for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [SAAN] Crowd Counting Using Scale-Aware Attention Networks (WACV) [paper]
  • [SPN] Scale Pyramid Network for Crowd Counting (WACV) [paper]
  • [GWTA-CCNN] Almost Unsupervised Learning for Dense Crowd Counting (AAAI) [paper]
  • [GPC] Geometric and Physical Constraints for Drone-Based Head Plane Crowd Density Estimation (IROS) [paper]
  • [PCC-Net] PCC Net: Perspective Crowd Counting via Spatial Convolutional Network (T-CSVT) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [CLPC] Cross-Line Pedestrian Counting Based on Spatially-Consistent Two-Stage Local Crowd Density Estimation and Accumulation (T-CSVT) [paper]
  • [MAN] Mask-aware networks for crowd counting (T-CSVT) [paper]
  • [CCLL] Crowd Counting With Limited Labeling Through Submodular Frame Selection (T-ITS) [paper]
  • [ACSPNet] Atrous convolutions spatial pyramid network for crowd counting and density estimation (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [DDCN] Removing background interference for crowd counting via de-background detail convolutional network (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [MRA-CNN] Multi-resolution attention convolutional neural network for crowd counting (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [ACM-CNN] Attend To Count: Crowd Counting with Adaptive Capacity Multi-scale CNNs (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [SDA-MCNN] Counting crowds using a scale-distribution-aware network and adaptive human-shaped kernel (Neurocomputing) [paper]
  • [SCAR] SCAR: Spatial-/Channel-wise Attention Regression Networks for Crowd Counting (Neurocomputing) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [GMLCNN] Learning Multi-Level Density Maps for Crowd Counting (TNNLS) [paper]
  • [LDL] Indoor Crowd Counting by Mixture of Gaussians Label Distribution Learning (TIP) [paper]
  • [AM-CNN] Attention to Head Locations for Crowd Counting (ICIG) [paper]

2018

  • [SANet] Scale Aggregation Network for Accurate and Efficient Crowd Counting (ECCV) [paper]
  • [ic-CNN] Iterative Crowd Counting (ECCV) [paper]
  • [CL] Composition Loss for Counting, Density Map Estimation and Localization in Dense Crowds (ECCV) [paper]
  • [LCFCN] Where are the Blobs: Counting by Localization with Point Supervision (ECCV) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [CSR] CSRNet: Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks for Understanding the Highly Congested Scenes (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [L2R] Leveraging Unlabeled Data for Crowd Counting by Learning to Rank (CVPR) [paper] [code] GitHub stars
  • [ACSCP] Crowd Counting via Adversarial Cross-Scale Consistency Pursuit (CVPR) [paper] [unofficial code: PyTorch]GitHub stars
  • [DecideNet] DecideNet: Counting Varying Density Crowds Through Attention Guided Detection and Density (CVPR) [paper]
  • [AMDCN] An Aggregated Multicolumn Dilated Convolution Network for Perspective-Free Counting (CVPRW) [paper] [code] GitHub stars
  • [D-ConvNet] Crowd Counting with Deep Negative Correlation Learning (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [IG-CNN] Divide and Grow: Capturing Huge Diversity in Crowd Images with Incrementally Growing CNN (CVPR) [paper]
  • [SCNet] In Defense of Single-column Networks for Crowd Counting (BMVC) [paper]
  • [AFP] Crowd Counting by Adaptively Fusing Predictions from an Image Pyramid (BMVC) [paper]
  • [DRSAN] Crowd Counting using Deep Recurrent Spatial-Aware Network (IJCAI) [paper]
  • [TDF-CNN] Top-Down Feedback for Crowd Counting Convolutional Neural Network (AAAI) [paper]
  • [CAC] Class-Agnostic Counting (ACCV) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [A-CCNN] A-CCNN: Adaptive CCNN for Density Estimation and Crowd Counting (ICIP) [paper]
  • Crowd Counting with Fully Convolutional Neural Network (ICIP) [paper]
  • [MS-GAN] Multi-scale Generative Adversarial Networks for Crowd Counting (ICPR) [paper]
  • [DR-ResNet] A Deeply-Recursive Convolutional Network for Crowd Counting (ICASSP) [paper]
  • [GAN-MTR] Crowd Counting With Minimal Data Using Generative Adversarial Networks For Multiple Target Regression (WACV) [paper]
  • [SaCNN] Crowd counting via scale-adaptive convolutional neural network (WACV) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [Improved SaCNN] Improved Crowd Counting Method Based on Scale-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Network (IEEE Access) [paper]
  • [DA-Net] DA-Net: Learning the Fine-Grained Density Distribution With Deformation Aggregation Network (IEEE Access) [paper][code]GitHub stars
  • [BSAD] Body Structure Aware Deep Crowd Counting (TIP) [paper]
  • [NetVLAD] Multiscale Multitask Deep NetVLAD for Crowd Counting (TII) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [W-VLAD] Crowd Counting via Weighted VLAD on Dense Attribute Feature Maps (T-CSVT) [paper]

2017

  • [ACNN] Incorporating Side Information by Adaptive Convolution (NIPS) [paper][Project]
  • [CP-CNN] Generating High-Quality Crowd Density Maps using Contextual Pyramid CNNs (ICCV) [paper]
  • [ConvLSTM] Spatiotemporal Modeling for Crowd Counting in Videos (ICCV) [paper]
  • [CMTL] CNN-based Cascaded Multi-task Learning of High-level Prior and Density Estimation for Crowd Counting (AVSS) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [ResnetCrowd] ResnetCrowd: A Residual Deep Learning Architecture for Crowd Counting, Violent Behaviour Detection and Crowd Density Level Classification (AVSS) [paper]
  • [Switching CNN] Switching Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [DAL-SVR] Boosting deep attribute learning via support vector regression for fast moving crowd counting (PR Letters) [paper]
  • [MSCNN] Multi-scale Convolution Neural Networks for Crowd Counting (ICIP) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [FCNCC] Fully Convolutional Crowd Counting On Highly Congested Scenes (VISAPP) [paper]
  • [CNN-MRF] Image Crowd Counting Using Convolutional Neural Network and Markov Random Field (JACII) [paper] [code]GitHub stars

2016

  • [Hydra-CNN] Towards perspective-free object counting with deep learning (ECCV) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [CNN-Boosting] Learning to Count with CNN Boosting (ECCV) [paper]
  • [Crossing-line] Crossing-line Crowd Counting with Two-phase Deep Neural Networks (ECCV) [paper]
  • [GP] Gaussian Process Density Counting from Weak Supervision (ECCV) [paper]
  • [CrowdNet] CrowdNet: A Deep Convolutional Network for Dense Crowd Counting (ACMMM) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [MCNN] Single-Image Crowd Counting via Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network (CVPR) [paper] [unofficial code: TensorFlow GitHub stars PyTorch]GitHub stars
  • [Shang 2016] End-to-end crowd counting via joint learning local and global count (ICIP) [paper]
  • [DE-VOC] Fast visual object counting via example-based density estimation (ICIP) [paper]
  • [RPF] Crowd Density Estimation based on Rich Features and Random Projection Forest (WACV) [paper]
  • [CS-SLR] Cost-sensitive sparse linear regression for crowd counting with imbalanced training data (ICME) [paper]
  • [Faster-OHEM-KCF] Deep People Counting with Faster R-CNN and Correlation Tracking (ICME) [paper]

2015

  • [COUNT Forest] COUNT Forest: CO-voting Uncertain Number of Targets using Random Forest for Crowd Density Estimation (ICCV) [paper]
  • [Bayesian] Bayesian Model Adaptation for Crowd Counts (ICCV) [paper]
  • [Zhang 2015] Cross-scene Crowd Counting via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CVPR) [paper] [code]GitHub stars
  • [Wang 2015] Deep People Counting in Extremely Dense Crowds (ACMMM) [paper]
  • [FU 2015] Fast crowd density estimation with convolutional neural networks (Artificial Intelligence) [paper]

2014

  • [Arteta 2014] Interactive Object Counting (ECCV) [paper]

2013

  • [Idrees 2013] Multi-Source Multi-Scale Counting in Extremely Dense Crowd Images (CVPR) [paper]
  • [Ma 2013] Crossing the Line: Crowd Counting by Integer Programming with Local Features (CVPR) [paper]
  • [Chen 2013] Cumulative Attribute Space for Age and Crowd Density Estimation (CVPR) [paper]
  • [SSR] From Semi-Supervised to Transfer Counting of Crowds (ICCV) [paper]

2012

  • [Chen 2012] Feature mining for localised crowd counting (BMVC) [paper]

2011

  • [Rodriguez 2011] Density-aware person detection and tracking in crowds (ICCV) [paper]

2010

  • [Lempitsky 2010] Learning To Count Objects in Images (NeurIPS) [paper]

2008

  • [Chan 2008] Privacy preserving crowd monitoring: Counting people without people models or tracking (CVPR) [paper]

Leaderboard

The section is being continually updated. Note that some values have superscript, which indicates their source.

NWPU

Year-Conference/Journal Methods Val-MAE Val-MSE Test-MAE Test-MSE Test-NAE Backbone
2016--CVPR MCNN 218.5 700.6 232.5 714.6 1.063 FS
2018--CVPR CSRNet 104.8 433.4 121.3 387.8 0.604 VGG-16
2019--CSVT PCC-Net 100.7 573.1 112.3 457.0 0.251 VGG-16
2019--CVPR CAN 93.5 489.9 106.3 386.5 0.295 VGG-16
2019--NC SCAR 81.5 397.9 110.0 495.3 0.288 VGG-16
2019--ICCV BL 93.6 470.3 105.4 454.2 0.203 VGG-19
2019--CVPR SFCN 95.4 608.3 105.4 424.1 0.254 ResNet-101
2020--NeurIPS DM-Count 70.5 357.6 88.4 388.6 0.169 VGG-19

ShanghaiTech Part A

Year-Conference/Journal Methods MAE MSE PSNR SSIM Params Pre-trained Model
2016--CVPR MCNN 110.2 173.2 21.4CSR 0.52CSR 0.13MSANet None
2017--AVSS CMTL 101.3 152.4 - - - None
2017--CVPR Switching CNN 90.4 135.0 - - 15.11MSANet VGG-16
2017--ICIP MSCNN 83.8 127.4 - - - -
2017--ICCV CP-CNN 73.6 106.4 21.72CP-CNN 0.72CP-CNN 68.4MSANet -
2018--AAAI TDF-CNN 97.5 145.1 - - - -
2018--WACV SaCNN 86.8 139.2 - - - -
2018--CVPR ACSCP 75.7 102.7 - - 5.1M None
2018--CVPR D-ConvNet-v1 73.5 112.3 - - - VGG-16
2018--CVPR IG-CNN 72.5 118.2 - - - VGG-16
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example) 72.0 106.6 - - - VGG-16
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Keyword) 73.6 112.0 - - - VGG-16
2019--CVPRW GSP (one stage, efficient) 70.7 103.6 - - - VGG-16
2018--IJCAI DRSAN 69.3 96.4 - - - -
2018--ECCV ic-CNN (one stage) 69.8 117.3 - - - -
2018--ECCV ic-CNN (two stages) 68.5 116.2 - - - -
2018--CVPR CSRNet 68.2 115.0 23.79 0.76 16.26MSANet VGG-16
2018--ECCV SANet 67.0 104.5 - - 0.91M None
2019--AAAI GWTA-CCNN 154.7 229.4 - - - -
2019--ICASSP ASD 65.6 98.0 - - - -
2019--ICCV CFF 65.2 109.4 25.4 0.78 - -
2019--CVPR SFCN 64.8 107.5 - - - -
2020--AAAI DUBNet 64.6 106.8 - - - -
2019--ICCV SPN+L2SM 64.2 98.4 - - - -
2019--CVPR TEDnet 64.2 109.1 25.88 0.83 1.63M -
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(AMG-bAttn-DME) 63.2 98.9 24.48 0.88 - -
2019--CVPR PACNN 66.3 106.4 - - - -
2019--CVPR PACNN+CSRNet 62.4 102.0 - - - -
2019--CVPR CAN 62.3 100.0 - - - VGG-16
2019--TIP HA-CCN 62.9 94.9 - - - -
2019--ICCV BL 62.8 101.8 - - - -
2019--WACV SPN 61.7 99.5 - - - -
2019--ICCV DSSINet 60.63 96.04 - - - -
2019--ICCV MBTTBF-SCFB 60.2 94.1 - - - -
2019--ICCV RANet 59.4 102.0 - - - -
2019--ICCV SPANet+SANet 59.4 92.5 - - - -
2019--TIP PaDNet 59.2 98.1 - - - -
2019--ICCV S-DCNet 58.3 95.0 - - - -
2020--ICPR M-SFANet+M-SegNet 57.55 94.48 - - - -
2019--ICCV PGCNet 57.0 86.0 - - - -
2020--ECCV AMSNet 56.7 93.4 - - - -
2020--CVPR ADSCNet 55.4 97.7 - - - -
2021--AAAI SASNet 53.59 88.38 - - - -
2022--TIP AGCCM 52.75 85.5 - - - -
2022--ICVRV LSPL 50.41 81.9 - - - -

ShanghaiTech Part B

Year-Conference/Journal Methods MAE MSE
2016--CVPR MCNN 26.4 41.3
2017--ICIP MSCNN 17.7 30.2
2017--AVSS CMTL 20.0 31.1
2017--CVPR Switching CNN 21.6 33.4
2017--ICCV CP-CNN 20.1 30.1
2018--TIP BSAD 20.2 35.6
2018--WACV SaCNN 16.2 25.8
2018--CVPR ACSCP 17.2 27.4
2018--CVPR CSRNet 10.6 16.0
2018--CVPR IG-CNN 13.6 21.1
2018--CVPR D-ConvNet-v1 18.7 26.0
2018--CVPR DecideNet 21.53 31.98
2018--CVPR DecideNet + R3 20.75 29.42
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example) 14.4 23.8
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Keyword) 13.7 21.4
2018--IJCAI DRSAN 11.1 18.2
2018--AAAI TDF-CNN 20.7 32.8
2018--ECCV ic-CNN (one stage) 10.4 16.7
2018--ECCV ic-CNN (two stages) 10.7 16.0
2019--CVPRW GSP (one stage, efficient) 9.1 15.9
2018--ECCV SANet 8.4 13.6
2019--WACV SPN 9.4 14.4
2019--ICCV PGCNet 8.8 13.7
2019--ICASSP ASD 8.5 13.7
2019--CVPR TEDnet 8.2 12.8
2019--TIP HA-CCN 8.1 13.4
2019--TIP PaDNet 8.1 12.2
2019--ICCV RANet 7.9 12.9
2019--CVPR CAN 7.8 12.2
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(AMG-attn-DME) 7.7 12.9
2020--AAAI DUBNet 7.7 12.5
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(AMG-DME) 7.6 13.9
2019--CVPR SFCN 7.6 13.0
2019--CVPR PACNN 8.9 13.5
2019--CVPR PACNN+CSRNet 7.6 11.8
2019--ICCV BL 7.7 12.7
2019--ICCV CFF 7.2 12.2
2019--ICCV SPN+L2SM 7.2 11.1
2019--ICCV DSSINet 6.85 10.34
2019--ICCV S-DCNet 6.7 10.7
2019--ICCV SPANet+SANet 6.5 9.9
2020--CVPR ADSCNet 6.4 11.3
2020--ICPR M-SFANet+M-SegNet 6.32 10.06
2021--AAAI SASNet 6.35 9.9
2021--AAAI AGCCM 5.98 9.72
2021--AAAI LSPL 5.96 9.78

UCF-QNRF

Year-Conference/Journal Method C-MAE C-NAE C-MSE DM-MAE DM-MSE DM-HI L- Av. Precision L-Av. Recall L-AUC
2013--CVPR Idrees 2013CL 315 0.63 508 - - - - - -
2016--CVPR MCNNCL 277 0.55 426 0.006670 0.0223 0.5354 59.93% 63.50% 0.591
2017--AVSS CMTLCL 252 0.54 514 0.005932 0.0244 0.5024 - - -
2017--CVPR Switching CNNCL 228 0.44 445 0.005673 0.0263 0.5301 - - -
2018--ECCV CL 132 0.26 191 0.00044 0.0017 0.9131 75.8% 59.75% 0.714
2019--TIP HA-CCN 118.1 - 180.4 - - - - - -
2019--CVPR TEDnet 113 - 188 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV RANet 111 - 190 - - - - - -
2019--CVPR CAN 107 - 183 - - - - - -
2020--AAAI DUBNet 105.6 - 180.5 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV SPN+L2SM 104.7 - 173.6 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV S-DCNet 104.4 - 176.1 - - - - - -
2019--CVPR SFCN 102.0 - 171.4 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV DSSINet 99.1 - 159.2 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV MBTTBF-SCFB 97.5 - 165.2 - - - - - -
2019--TIP PaDNet 96.5 - 170.2 - - - - - -
2019--ICCV BL 88.7 - 154.8 - - - - - -
2020--ICPR M-SFANet 85.6 - 151.23 - - - - - -
2021--AAAI SASNet 85.2 - 147.3 - - - - - -
2020--CVPR ADSCNet 71.3 - 132.5 - - - - - -

UCF_CC_50

Year-Conference/Journal Methods MAE MSE
2013--CVPR Idrees 2013 468.0 590.3
2015--CVPR Zhang 2015 467.0 498.5
2016--ACM MM CrowdNet 452.5 -
2016--CVPR MCNN 377.6 509.1
2016--ECCV CNN-Boosting 364.4 -
2016--ECCV Hydra-CNN 333.73 425.26
2016--ICIP Shang 2016 270.3 -
2017--ICIP MSCNN 363.7 468.4
2017--AVSS CMTL 322.8 397.9
2017--CVPR Switching CNN 318.1 439.2
2017--ICCV CP-CNN 298.8 320.9
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM-nt 284.5 297.1
2018--TIP BSAD 409.5 563.7
2018--AAAI TDF-CNN 354.7 491.4
2018--WACV SaCNN 314.9 424.8
2018--CVPR IG-CNN 291.4 349.4
2018--CVPR ACSCP 291.0 404.6
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example) 291.5 397.6
2018--CVPR L2R (Multi-task, Keyword) 279.6 388.9
2018--CVPR D-ConvNet-v1 288.4 404.7
2018--CVPR CSRNet 266.1 397.5
2018--ECCV ic-CNN (two stages) 260.9 365.5
2018--ECCV SANet 258.4 334.9
2018--IJCAI DRSAN 219.2 250.2
2019--AAAI GWTA-CCNN 433.7 583.3
2019--WACV SPN 259.2 335.9
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(DME) 257.1 363.5
2019--TIP HA-CCN 256.2 348.4
2019--CVPR TEDnet 249.4 354.5
2019--CVPR PACNN 267.9 357.8
2020--AAAI DUBNet 243.8 329.3
2019--CVPR PACNN+CSRNet 241.7 320.7
2019--ICCV RANet 239.8 319.4
2019--ICCV MBTTBF-SCFB 233.1 300.9
2019--ICCV BL 229.3 308.2
2019--ICCV DSSINet 216.9 302.4
2019--CVPR SFCN 214.2 318.2
2019--CVPR CAN 212.2 243.7
2019--ICCV S-DCNet 204.2 301.3
2019--ICASSP ASD 196.2 270.9
2019--ICCV SPN+L2SM 188.4 315.3
2019--TIP PaDNet 185.8 278.3
2020--ICPR M-SFANet 162.33 276.76
2021--AAAI SASNet 161.4 234.46

WorldExpo'10

Year-Conference/Journal Method S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Avg.
2015--CVPR Zhang 2015 9.8 14.1 14.3 22.2 3.7 12.9
2016--CVPR MCNN 3.4 20.6 12.9 13.0 8.1 11.6
2017--ICIP MSCNN 7.8 15.4 14.9 11.8 5.8 11.7
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM-nt 8.6 16.9 14.6 15.4 4.0 11.9
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM 7.1 15.2 15.2 13.9 3.5 10.9
2017--ICCV Bidirectional ConvLSTM 6.8 14.5 14.9 13.5 3.1 10.6
2017--CVPR Switching CNN 4.4 15.7 10.0 11.0 5.9 9.4
2017--ICCV CP-CNN 2.9 14.7 10.5 10.4 5.8 8.86
2018--AAAI TDF-CNN 2.7 23.4 10.7 17.6 3.3 11.5
2018--CVPR IG-CNN 2.6 16.1 10.15 20.2 7.6 11.3
2018--TIP BSAD 4.1 21.7 11.9 11.0 3.5 10.5
2018--ECCV ic-CNN 17.0 12.3 9.2 8.1 4.7 10.3
2018--CVPR DecideNet 2.0 13.14 8.9 17.4 4.75 9.23
2018--CVPR D-ConvNet-v1 1.9 12.1 20.7 8.3 2.6 9.1
2018--CVPR CSRNet 2.9 11.5 8.6 16.6 3.4 8.6
2018--WACV SaCNN 2.6 13.5 10.6 12.5 3.3 8.5
2018--ECCV SANet 2.6 13.2 9.0 13.3 3.0 8.2
2018--IJCAI DRSAN 2.6 11.8 10.3 10.4 3.7 7.76
2018--CVPR ACSCP 2.8 14.05 9.6 8.1 2.9 7.5
2019--ICCV PGCNet 2.5 12.7 8.4 13.7 3.2 8.1
2019--CVPR TEDnet 2.3 10.1 11.3 13.8 2.6 8.0
2019--CVPR PACNN 2.3 12.5 9.1 11.2 3.8 7.8
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(AMG-bAttn-DME) 1.7 14.4 11.5 7.9 3.0 7.7
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(AMG-attn-DME) 1.6 13.2 8.7 10.6 2.6 7.3
2019--CVPR CAN 2.9 12.0 10.0 7.9 4.3 7.4
2019--CVPR CAN(ECAN) 2.4 9.4 8.8 11.2 4.0 7.2
2019--ICCV DSSINet 1.57 9.51 9.46 10.35 2.49 6.67
2020--ICPR M-SFANet 1.88 13.24 10.07 7.5 3.87 7.32
2020--CVPR ASNet 2.22 10.11 8.89 7.14 4.84 6.64
2021--AAAI SASNet 1.134 13.24 7.68 7.61 2.07 5.71

UCSD

Year-Conference/Journal Method MAE MSE
2015--CVPR Zhang 2015 1.60 3.31
2016--ECCV Hydra-CNN 1.65 -
2016--ECCV CNN-Boosting 1.10 -
2016--CVPR MCNN 1.07 1.35
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM-nt 1.73 3.52
2017--CVPR Switching CNN 1.62 2.10
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM 1.30 1.79
2017--ICCV Bidirectional ConvLSTM 1.13 1.43
2018--CVPR CSRNet 1.16 1.47
2018--CVPR ACSCP 1.04 1.35
2018--ECCV SANet 1.02 1.29
2018--TIP BSAD 1.00 1.40
2019--WACV SPN 1.03 1.32
2019--ICCV SPANet+SANet 1.00 1.28
2019--CVPR ADCrowdNet(DME) 0.98 1.25
2019--BMVC E3D 0.93 1.17
2019--CVPR PACNN 0.89 1.18
2019--TIP PaDNet 0.85 1.06

Mall

Year-Conference/Journal Method MAE MSE
2012--BMVC Chen 2012 3.15 15.7
2016--ECCV CNN-Boosting 2.01 -
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM-nt 2.53 11.2
2017--ICCV ConvLSTM 2.24 8.5
2017--ICCV Bidirectional ConvLSTM 2.10 7.6
2018--CVPR DecideNet 1.52 1.90
2018--IJCAI DRSAN 1.72 2.1
2019--BMVC E3D 1.64 2.13
2019--WACV SAAN 1.28 1.68

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