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======== | ||
paramiko | ||
======== | ||
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:Paramiko: Python SSH module | ||
:Copyright: Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Robey Pointer <[email protected]> | ||
:License: LGPL | ||
:Homepage: http://www.lag.net/paramiko/ | ||
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paramiko 1.7.4 | ||
============== | ||
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"Desmond" release, 06 july 2008 | ||
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What | ||
---- | ||
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"paramiko" is a combination of the esperanto words for "paranoid" and | ||
"friend". it's a module for python 2.2+ that implements the SSH2 protocol | ||
for secure (encrypted and authenticated) connections to remote machines. | ||
unlike SSL (aka TLS), SSH2 protocol does not require heirarchical | ||
certificates signed by a powerful central authority. you may know SSH2 as | ||
the protocol that replaced telnet and rsh for secure access to remote | ||
shells, but the protocol also includes the ability to open arbitrary | ||
channels to remote services across the encrypted tunnel (this is how sftp | ||
works, for example). | ||
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it is written entirely in python (no C or platform-dependent code) and is | ||
released under the GNU LGPL (lesser GPL). | ||
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the package and its API is fairly well documented in the "doc/" folder | ||
that should have come with this archive. | ||
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Requirements | ||
------------ | ||
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- python 2.3 <http://www.python.org/> | ||
(python 2.2 is also supported, but not recommended) | ||
- pycrypto 1.9+ <http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html> | ||
(2.0 works too) | ||
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pycrypto compiled for Win32 can be downloaded from the HashTar homepage: | ||
http://nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu:8080/hashtar | ||
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you can also build it yourself using the free MinGW tools and this command | ||
line (thanks to Roger Binns for the info):: | ||
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python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 bdist_wininst | ||
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If you have setuptools, you can build and install paramiko and all its | ||
dependencies with this command (as root):: | ||
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easy_install ./ | ||
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Portability | ||
----------- | ||
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i code and test this library on Linux and MacOS X. for that reason, i'm | ||
pretty sure that it works for all posix platforms, including MacOS. it | ||
should also work on Windows, though i don't test it as frequently there. | ||
if you run into Windows problems, send me a patch: portability is important | ||
to me. | ||
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python 2.2 may work, thanks to some patches from Roger Binns. things to | ||
watch out for: | ||
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* sockets in 2.2 don't support timeouts, so the 'select' module is | ||
imported to do polling. | ||
* logging is mostly stubbed out. it works just enough to let paramiko | ||
create log files for debugging, if you want them. to get real logging, | ||
you can backport python 2.3's logging package. Roger has done that | ||
already: | ||
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=75211&package_id=113804 | ||
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you really should upgrade to python 2.3. laziness is no excuse! :) | ||
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some python distributions don't include the utf-8 string encodings, for | ||
reasons of space (misdirected as that is). if your distribution is | ||
missing encodings, you'll see an error like this:: | ||
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LookupError: no codec search functions registered: can't find encoding | ||
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this means you need to copy string encodings over from a working system. | ||
(it probably only happens on embedded systems, not normal python | ||
installs.) Valeriy Pogrebitskiy says the best place to look is | ||
``.../lib/python*/encodings/__init__.py``. | ||
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Bugs & Support | ||
-------------- | ||
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there's a launchpage page for paramiko, with a bug tracker: | ||
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https://launchpad.net/paramiko/ | ||
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this is the primary place to file and browse bug reports. | ||
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there's also a low-traffic mailing list for support and discussions: | ||
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http://www.lag.net/mailman/listinfo/paramiko | ||
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Demo | ||
---- | ||
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several demo scripts come with paramiko to demonstrate how to use it. | ||
probably the simplest demo of all is this:: | ||
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import paramiko, base64 | ||
key = paramiko.RSAKey(data=base64.decodestring('AAA...')) | ||
client = paramiko.SSHClient() | ||
client.get_host_keys().add('ssh.example.com', 'ssh-rsa', key) | ||
client.connect('ssh.example.com', username='strongbad', password='thecheat') | ||
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('ls') | ||
for line in stdout: | ||
print '... ' + line.strip('\n') | ||
client.close() | ||
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...which prints out the results of executing ``ls`` on a remote server. | ||
(the host key 'AAA...' should of course be replaced by the actual base64 | ||
encoding of the host key. if you skip host key verification, the | ||
connection is not secure!) | ||
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the following example scripts (in demos/) get progressively more detailed: | ||
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:demo_simple.py: | ||
calls invoke_shell() and emulates a terminal/tty through which you can | ||
execute commands interactively on a remote server. think of it as a | ||
poor man's ssh command-line client. | ||
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:demo.py: | ||
same as demo_simple.py, but allows you to authenticiate using a | ||
private key, attempts to use an SSH-agent if present, and uses the long | ||
form of some of the API calls. | ||
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:forward.py: | ||
command-line script to set up port-forwarding across an ssh transport. | ||
(requires python 2.3.) | ||
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:demo_sftp.py: | ||
opens an sftp session and does a few simple file operations. | ||
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:demo_server.py: | ||
an ssh server that listens on port 2200 and accepts a login for | ||
'robey' (password 'foo'), and pretends to be a BBS. meant to be a | ||
very simple demo of writing an ssh server. | ||
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Use | ||
--- | ||
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the demo scripts are probably the best example of how to use this package. | ||
there is also a lot of documentation, generated with epydoc, in the doc/ | ||
folder. point your browser there. seriously, do it. mad props to | ||
epydoc, which actually motivated me to write more documentation than i | ||
ever would have before. | ||
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there are also unit tests here:: | ||
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$ python ./test.py | ||
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which will verify that most of the core components are working correctly. |