LFS

Describe the steps I take to build my Linux from scratch: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/

Version 10.1: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/10.1/

Host System

• Ubuntu 20.04;
• x86_64.

After executing version_check.sh, from section 2.2, I had to install the following packages: gcc, g++, make, bison, gawk.

Besides, I've changed to link of /bin/sh:

$ sudo rm /bin/sh
$ sudo ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh

The script passes afterwards, with suitable versions:

bash, version 5.0.17(1)-release
/bin/sh -> /usr/bin/bash
Binutils: (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
bison (GNU Bison) 3.5.1
/usr/bin/yacc -> /usr/bin/bison.yacc
bzip2,  Version 1.0.8, 13-Jul-2019.
Coreutils:  8.30
diff (GNU diffutils) 3.7
find (GNU findutils) 4.7.0
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.2.0)
/usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk
gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0
g++ (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0
(Ubuntu GLIBC 2.31-0ubuntu9.2) 2.31
grep (GNU grep) 3.4
gzip 1.10
Linux version 5.8.0-59-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-022) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #66~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 17 11:14:10 UTC 2021
m4 (GNU M4) 1.4.18
GNU Make 4.2.1
GNU patch 2.7.6
Perl version='5.30.0';
Python 3.8.10
sed (GNU sed) 4.7
tar (GNU tar) 1.30
texi2any (GNU texinfo) 6.7
xz (XZ Utils) 5.2.4
g++ compilation OK

Create LFS partitions

Section 2.4 states guidelines to create LFS partitions.

Using fsdisk, we can see the current disk state:

# As root
$ fdisk /dev/sda
...

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 931,53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: ST1000LM024 HN-M
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 81D78C68-836D-4653-8C78-ED4F887F1701

Device       Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048     999423     997376  487M EFI System
/dev/sda2   999424    1001471       2048    1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda3  1001472    2052095    1050624  513M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4  2052096 1172272799 1170220704  558G Linux filesystem

We have also unpartitioned space:

Command (m for help): F

Unpartitioned space /dev/sda: 372,54 GiB, 400001015296 bytes, 781251983 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (loCommand (m for help): F

Unpartitioned space /dev/sda: 372,54 GiB, 400001015296 bytes, 781251983 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

     Start        End   Sectors   Size
1172273152 1953525134 781251983 372,5Ggical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

     Start        End   Sectors   Size
1172273152 1953525134 781251983 372,5G

We do not create any EFI partition, since the driver is the same from the host system. Thus, we use the same partition table.

Finally, partitions were created as below:

Command (m for help): n       
Partition number (5-128, default 5): 11
First sector (1172272800-1953525134, default 1172273152): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1172273152-1953525134, default 1953525134): +1G

Created a new partition 11 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 GiB.

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-10,12-128, default 5): 18
First sector (1174370304-1953525134, default 1174370304): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1174370304-1953525134, default 1953525134): +8G

Created a new partition 18 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 8 GiB.

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-10,12-17,19-128, default 5): 12
First sector (1191147520-1953525134, default 1191147520): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1191147520-1953525134, default 1953525134): +200G

Created a new partition 12 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 200 GiB.

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-10,13-17,19-128, default 5): 13
First sector (1610577920-1953525134, default 1610577920): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1610577920-1953525134, default 1953525134): 

Created a new partition 13 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 163,5 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4,11-13,18, default 18): 18
Partition type (type L to list all types): 19

Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux swap'.

We may check the partitions:

# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 931,53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
...

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
...
/dev/sda11 1172273152 1174370303    2097152     1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda12 1191147520 1610577919  419430400   200G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda13 1610577920 1953525134  342947215 163,5G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda18 1174370304 1191147519   16777216     8G Linux swap

The mapping intended is:

• /dev/sda11 for /boot;
• /dev/sda12 for /;
• /dev/sda13 for /home;
• /dev/sda18 for swap.

Create filesystem

Section 2.5 shows hwo to create the filesystem to the aforementioned partitions (in the case os swap, simply "turn on"):

$ mkfs -v -t ext4 /dev/sda11
$ mkfs -v -t ext4 /dev/sda12
$ mkfs -v -t ext4 /dev/sda13
$ mkswap /dev/sda18