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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# The python exercises\n",
+    "\n",
+    "**Ex 0**: The Jupyter Notebooks are organized as a list of cells. There are two central kinds of cells, they are called **Code** and **Markdown**. The cell type can be set [using a keyboard shortcut](https://towardsdatascience.com/jypyter-notebook-shortcuts-bf0101a98330), or using the menu above.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The **Code** cells simply contain the Python code, no big deal.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The **Markdown** cells contain text (explanations, sections, etc). The text is written in Markdown. Markdown allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML). You can read about it here:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/\n",
+    "\n",
+    "In the cell below, write a short text that demonstrates that you can\n",
+    "* Create a section\n",
+    "* Write words in bold and italics\n",
+    "* Create lists\n",
+    "* Establish a [hyperlink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "*[Write the answer to **Ex 0** here]*"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 1**: Create a list `a` that contains the numbers from $1$ to $1110$, incremented by one, using the `range` function."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 2**: Show that you understand [slicing](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/509211/explain-pythons-slice-notation) in Python by extracting a list `b` with the numbers from $543$ to $779$ from the list created above."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 3**: Using `def`, define a function that takes as input a number $x$ and outputs the number multiplied by itself plus three $f(x) = x(x+3)$. "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 4**: Apply this function to every element of the list `b` using a `for` loop. "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 5**: Do the same thing using a list comprehension."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 6**: Write the output of your function to a text file with one number per line."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 7**: Show that you know about strings using this example from https://learnpythonthehardway.org/python3/ex6.html (code reproduced below).\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1. Go through the code below and write a code comment above each line explaining it.\n",
+    "1. Find all the places where a string is put inside a string. There are four places.\n",
+    "1. Are you sure there are only four places? How do you know? Maybe I like lying.\n",
+    "1. Explain why adding the two strings w and e with + makes a longer string.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "[**Hint**: If you feel this is too complex, try completing the prior learningthehardway exercises first. Start [here](https://learnpythonthehardway.org/python3/). "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "There are 10 types of people.\n",
+      "Those who know binary and those who don't.\n",
+      "I said: There are 10 types of people.\n",
+      "I also said: 'Those who know binary and those who don't.'\n",
+      "Isn't that joke so funny?! False\n",
+      "This is the left side of...a string with a right side.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Note from Sune: In Python, code comments follow the \"#\" character\n",
+    "\n",
+    "types_of_people = 10\n",
+    "x = f\"There are {types_of_people} types of people.\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "binary = \"binary\"\n",
+    "do_not = \"don't\"\n",
+    "y = f\"Those who know {binary} and those who {do_not}.\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(x)\n",
+    "print(y)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(f\"I said: {x}\")\n",
+    "print(f\"I also said: '{y}'\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "hilarious = False\n",
+    "joke_evaluation = \"Isn't that joke so funny?! {}\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(joke_evaluation.format(hilarious))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "w = \"This is the left side of...\"\n",
+    "e = \"a string with a right side.\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(w + e)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "*[Write the answer to **Ex 7**, 2-4 here]*"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 8**: First, learn about JSON by reading the **[wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON)**. Then answer the following two questions in the cell below. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "* What is `json`? What do the letters stand for?\n",
+    "* Why is `json` superior to `xml`? (... or why not?)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "*[Write your answer to **Ex 8** here]*"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 9a**: Use the `json` module (instructions on usage here: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html). \n",
+    "\n",
+    "First use `urllib` (https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.html), or another Python library, to download **[this file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SocialComplexityLab/socialgraphs2021/main/files/test.json)**. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "The downloaded file is a string when you first download it, but you can use the `json` library to \"load\" the string and decode it to a Python object, using `json.loads()`. (The decoded string is a python object, a list with a single element, a dictionary (with nested dictionaries inside it))."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 9b**: Now, let's take a look at the file you downloaded. First, just write the name of the variable that contains the decoded file content and hit enter to take a look at it. It's  the list of Twitter Trending topics, a few years ago."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 9c**: The thing you've just decoded is now a list of length 1. What are the names of the keys organizing the dictionary at position 0 in the list? (Just write the code to produce the answer.) \n",
+    "\n",
+    "**Hint** use the `.keys()` method to easily get the keys of any dictionary."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Ex 9d**: Two small questions \n",
+    "* What time did I create the list of Trending Topics?\n",
+    "* Print the names of the trending topics (bonus for using a list comprehension)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "(Just write the code to produce the answer.)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "anaconda-cloud": {},
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.7.7"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 1
+}