ARROW-4339: [C++][Python] Developer documentation overhaul for 0.13 r…

…elease

This was pretty much a huge pain but addresses accumulated documentation debt after the conda compiler migration and the CMake refactor. I suggest we not stress too much over small details on this and do more work to improve these docs in follow up PRs. I did the best I could under the circumstances and need to move on to other things now

I think the overall organization of the Sphinx project for developers is much improved, take a look (I will post a link to a published version for review)

JIRAs addressed by this PR and other things I did

* Update cpp/thirdparty/README.md given CMake refactor (this was totally out of date). This now directs users to the Sphinx C++ developer guide

* ARROW-4339: Move cpp/README.md to Sphinx documentation (and clean it up a lot!!)
* ARROW-4425: Move Contributing Guidelines from Confluence to Sphinx, update top level README
* ARROW-4232: Remove references to pre-gcc5 ABI issues
* ARROW-4165: Move Windows C++ developer guide to Sphinx (from cpp/apidoc/Windows.md)
* ARROW-4547: Update Python development instructions re: producing CUDA-enabled pyarrow
* ARROW-4326 / ARROW-3096: Update Python build instructions re: January 2019 compiler migration

Author: Wes McKinney <[email protected]>

Closes apache#3942 from wesm/developer-docs-0.13 and squashes the following commits:

a3c3dd5 <Wes McKinney> Add some Boost info, misc cleaning
2ccc3de <Wes McKinney> Remove index.md altogether
66da97e <Wes McKinney> Remove unused text from cpp/apidoc/index.md
504bc13 <Wes McKinney> restore 'what's in the arrow libraries' section
8d1f33e <Wes McKinney> Finish initial documentation revamp for 0.13, stopping here
84dd680 <Wes McKinney> Some docs reorg, begin rewriting cpp/README.md into docs/source/developers/cpp.rst

README.md

@@ -59,14 +59,18 @@ The reference Arrow libraries contain a number of distinct software components:
   library)
 - Reference-counted off-heap buffer memory management, for zero-copy memory
   sharing and handling memory-mapped files
-- Low-overhead IO interfaces to files on disk, HDFS (C++ only)
+- IO interfaces to local and remote filesystems
 - Self-describing binary wire formats (streaming and batch/file-like) for
   remote procedure calls (RPC) and
   interprocess communication (IPC)
 - Integration tests for verifying binary compatibility between the
   implementations (e.g. sending data from Java to C++)
 - Conversions to and from other in-memory data structures
 
+## How to Contribute
+
+Please read our latest [project contribution guide][5].
+
 ## Getting involved
 
 Even if you do not plan to contribute to Apache Arrow itself or Arrow
@@ -79,38 +83,8 @@ integrations in other projects, we'd be happy to have you involved:
 - [Learn the format][2]
 - Contribute code to one of the reference implementations
 
-## How to Contribute
-
-We prefer to receive contributions in the form of GitHub pull requests. Please
-send pull requests against the [github.com/apache/arrow][4] repository.
-
-If you are looking for some ideas on what to contribute, check out the [JIRA
-issues][3] for the Apache Arrow project. Comment on the issue and/or contact
-[[email protected]](http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/arrow-dev/)
-with your questions and ideas.
-
-If you’d like to report a bug but don’t have time to fix it, you can still post
-it on JIRA, or email the mailing list
-[[email protected]](http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/arrow-dev/)
-
-To contribute a patch:
-
-1. Break your work into small, single-purpose patches if possible. It’s much
-harder to merge in a large change with a lot of disjoint features.
-2. Create a JIRA for your patch on the [Arrow Project
-JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW).
-3. Submit the patch as a GitHub pull request against the master branch. For a
-tutorial, see the GitHub guides on forking a repo and sending a pull
-request. Prefix your pull request name with the JIRA name (ex:
-https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/240).
-4. Make sure that your code passes the unit tests. You can find instructions
-how to run the unit tests for each Arrow component in its respective README
-file.
-5. Add new unit tests for your code.
-
-Thank you in advance for your contributions!
-
 [1]: mailto:[email protected]
 [2]: https://github.com/apache/arrow/tree/master/format
 [3]: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW
 [4]: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+[5]: https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/master/docs/source/developers/contributing.rst

ci/conda_env_cpp.yml

@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ python
 rapidjson
 re2
 snappy
-thrift-cpp
+thrift-cpp=0.12.0
 zlib
 zstd