Performance-Analysis-of-Routing-Protocols-in-VANETs

Analysis of AODV, DSDR, LAR, DSR and ZRP using OSM, SUMO, and NS2

Pre-Requistes

This project has been done in a linux environment.
The following have to be downloaded (ignore if already downloaded in your linux) :

1. SUMO 1.19.0
2. NS2 2.35
3. Python3

OSM Data Extraction

Go to the website : https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=10/28.6755/77.5182
Export the selected region, in this case, Ghaziabad exit 6 highway. You can select any region you need.
A .osm file should be downloaded.

ZRP and LAR patch

These hybrid protocols are not inbuilt in the NS2 module. The patch has to be manually downloaded.

1. ZRP

cd ns-allinone-2.35/
patch -p0 < zrp-ns235.patch

./install
cd ns-2.35/
cp ns ns-zrp
sudo cp ns-zrp /usr/local/bin/
cd ../nam-1.15/
sudo make install

2. LAR

cd ns-allinone-2.35/
patch -p0 < LAR-dream__ns235.patch

./install
cd ns-2.35/
cp ns ns235-lar
sudo cp ns235-lar /usr/local/bin/

Protocols Execution

All the protocols have the same execution
Lets take AODV for example:

To view the SUMO file exported

cd AODV
sumo-gui ghaziabad.sumo

To execute NS2 simulation

nam ghaziabad.nam

Performance Analysis

python3 analyseTrace.py

Future Work

Although this project provides valuable insights into performance of these protocols through simulation based studies, it is crucial to understand the gap between simulation results and real-world implementations.
There should be a focus on challenges that arise when implementing a physical network, particularly in regions with budget constraints, since, simulations may not accurately replicate the dynamic nature of real-world environments, which encompass unpredictable weather conditions, road constructions, and various other external factors. It would be beneficial to explore how these factors impact VANET communication and the adaptability of protocols in the face of such challenges, thereby enhancing the practical relevance of the paper. While security and privacy concerns are of utmost importance in real-world VANETs, simulations often fail to fully explore these aspects. Researchers must investigate how the studied protocols perform in scenarios where environmental factors and network conditions fluctuate, ensuring their practical applicability in dynamic environments.