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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ For troubleshooting, see [If your device can't be added to Arduino Cloud](https:

---

## Add an Arduino board via serial (USB)
## Add an Arduino board via serial (USB) {#add-an-arduino-board-via-serial-usb}

All Arduino boards supported by Arduino Cloud can be added via USB from a computer running the [Arduino Cloud Agent](https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/360014869820-Install-the-Arduino-Cloud-Agent).

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Expand Up @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Before you begin:
In this article:

- [Check power and restart](#check-power-and-restart)
- [Verify and reupload the Thing sketch](#verify-and-reupload-the-thing-sketch)
- [Verify network credentials and reupload the Thing sketch](#verify-network-credentials-and-reupload-the-thing-sketch)
- [Check your network settings](#check-your-network-settings)
- [Check the serial output](#verify-and-reupload-the-thing-sketch)
- [Check the serial output](#check-the-serial-output)
- [Delete the device](#delete-the-device)

---
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Connect to your device via USB and read the serial output for additional informa
1. Select your device in the editor.
1. Open the Serial Monitor.
1. Read the output to better understand what happens as your device tries to connect to Arduino Cloud.
1. If your device is not sending any serial output, try pressing the reset button on your device to restart the sketch. If you still don't see any output, the device may not be running the Cloud sketch. See [Verify and reupload the Thing sketch](#verify-and-reupload-the-thing-sketch).
1. If your device is not sending any serial output, try pressing the reset button on your device to restart the sketch. If you still don't see any output, the device may not be running the Cloud sketch. In that case, [verify your network credentials and reupload the Thing sketch](#verify-network-credentials-and-reupload-the-thing-sketch).

![Reading the serial output from a Cloud sketch in Arduino IDE](img/arduino-cloud-serial.png)

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50 changes: 22 additions & 28 deletions content/Hardware Support/Generic/About-LoRa-and-LoRaWAN.md
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Expand Up @@ -3,12 +3,23 @@ title: "About LoRa and LoRaWAN"
id: 4402394268562
---

In this article:

<!-- TOC -->

- [What is LoRa and LoRaWAN?](#what-is-lora-and-lorawan)
- [Suitable use cases](#suitable-use-cases)
- [Arduino devices with LoRa connectivity](#arduino-devices-with-lora-connectivity)
- [Further reading](#further-reading)

<!-- /TOC -->

---

## What is LoRa and LoRaWAN?

* **LoRa<sup>®</sup>** is a radio modulation technique for the physical layer that can be used for long-range, low-power communication.
* **LoRaWAN<sup>®</sup>** is a communication protocol and network architecture that functions on LoRa.
- **LoRa<sup>®</sup>** is a radio modulation technique for the physical layer that can be used for long-range, low-power communication.
- **LoRaWAN<sup>®</sup>** is a communication protocol and network architecture that functions on LoRa.

LoRa and LoRaWAN are particularly useful for environments with limited connectivity and long distances between the main microcontroller and the components linked to it.

Expand All @@ -18,16 +29,16 @@ LoRa and LoRaWAN are particularly useful for environments with limited connectiv

LoRa and LoRaWAN are suitable for:

* **Long range:** Up to 3 miles (4.8 km) in urban areas and up to 10 miles (16 km) or more in rural areas with line of sight.
* **Low power:** LoRa transceivers can run on small, inexpensive batteries for several years.
* **Low cost:** Lightweight protocols reduce complexity in hardware design and lower device costs. Its range and network topology reduce expensive infrastructure requirements, and the use of license-free or licensed bands reduce network costs.
* **Coverage anywhere:** Use exiting open-source networks or set up your own gateways.
* **Large-scale deployments:** A gateway can support thousands of nodes, depending on the uplink frequency.
- **Long range:** Up to 3 miles (4.8 km) in urban areas and up to 10 miles (16 km) or more in rural areas with line of sight.
. **Low power:** LoRa transceivers can run on small, inexpensive batteries for several years.
- **Low cost:** Lightweight protocols reduce complexity in hardware design and lower device costs. Its range and network topology reduce expensive infrastructure requirements, and the use of license-free or licensed bands reduce network costs.
- **Coverage anywhere:** Use exiting open-source networks or set up your own gateways.
- **Large-scale deployments:** A gateway can support thousands of nodes, depending on the uplink frequency.

Lora and LoRaWAN are generally **not** suitable for:

* **High-bandwidth applications:** The bandwidth is limited both by data rate (up to 27 kbit/s) and the network duty cycle[^1].
* **Real-time applications:** Any application that is sensitive to latency
- **High-bandwidth applications:** The bandwidth is limited both by data rate (up to 27 kbit/s) and the network duty cycle[^1].
- **Real-time applications:** Any application that is sensitive to latency

[^1]: <https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/duty-cycle/>

Expand All @@ -37,27 +48,10 @@ Lora and LoRaWAN are generally **not** suitable for:

## Arduino devices with LoRa connectivity

**Boards:**

* [Arduino MKR WAN 1300 (LoRa® connectivity)](https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-mkr-wan-1300-lora-connectivity)
* [Arduino MKR WAN 1310](https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-mkr-wan-1310)

**Shields and carriers for Portenta boards:**

Note that a compatible Portenta board is required.

* [Portenta Vision Shield - LoRa®](https://store.arduino.cc/products/portenta-vision-shield-lora%C2%AE) (together with a Portenta H7 board)
* [Portenta Max Carrier](https://store.arduino.cc/products/portenta-max-carrier)

**Gateways:**

* [WisGate Edge PRO](https://store.arduino.cc/products/wisgate-edge-pro)
* [WisGate Edge Lite 2](https://store.arduino.cc/products/wisgate-edge-lite2)

For more information, see [Arduino devices with LoRaWAN® connectivity](https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/4403398854418-Arduino-devices-with-LoRaWAN-connectivity).
See [Arduino devices with LoRaWAN® connectivity](https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/4403398854418-Arduino-devices-with-LoRaWAN-connectivity).

---

## Further reading

* [LoRaWAN® (The Things Network)](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/)
- [LoRaWAN® (The Things Network)](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/)
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Expand Up @@ -9,24 +9,18 @@ These Arduino devices can serve as nodes or gateways in LoRaWAN networks.

## MKR boards

* [Arduino MKR WAN 1300 (LoRa® connectivity)](https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-mkr-wan-1300-lora-connectivity)
* [Arduino MKR WAN 1310](https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-mkr-wan-1310)
* Arduino MKR WAN 1300
* Arduino MKR WAN 1310

## Portenta shields and carriers
## Shields and carriers for Portenta boards

Note that a compatible Portenta board is required.

* [Portenta Vision Shield - LoRa®](https://store.arduino.cc/products/portenta-vision-shield-lora%C2%AE)
* [Portenta Max Carrier](https://store.arduino.cc/products/portenta-max-carrier)
* Portenta Vision Shield - LoRa®
* Portenta Max Carrier

## Gateways

* [WisGate Edge PRO](https://store.arduino.cc/products/wisgate-edge-pro)
* [WisGate Edge Lite 2](https://store.arduino.cc/products/wisgate-edge-lite2)
* WisGate Edge PRO
* WisGate Edge Lite 2
* LoRa® Pro Gateway (discontinued)

---

## Further reading

* [The Arduino Guide to LoRa® and LoRaWAN®](https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/communication/lorawan-101)

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