DeepCache: Accelerating Diffusion Models for Free

(Results on Stable Diffusion v1.5. Left: 50 PLMS steps. Right: 2.3x acceleration upon 50 PLMS steps)

DeepCache: Accelerating Diffusion Models for Free
Xinyin Ma, Gongfan Fang, Xinchao Wang
Learning and Vision Lab, National University of Singapore
🥯[Arxiv]🎄[Project Page]

Why DeepCache

• 🚀 Training-free and almost lossless
• 🚀 Support Stable Diffusion, Stable Diffusion XL
• 🚀 Compatible with sampling algorithms like DDIM and PLMS

Updates

• December 6, 2023: Release the code for Stable Diffusion XL. The results of the stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0 are shown in the below figure, with the same prompts from the first figure.

(2.6x acceleration of Stable Diffusion XL)

Introduction

We introduce DeepCache, a novel training-free and almost lossless paradigm that accelerates diffusion models from the perspective of model architecture. Utilizing the property of the U-Net, we reuse the high-level features while updating the low-level features in a very cheap way. DeepCache accelerates Stable Diffusion v1.5 by 2.3x with only a 0.05 decline in CLIP Score, and LDM-4-G(ImageNet) by 4.1x with a 0.22 decrease in FID.

Quick Start

Requirements

pip install transformers diffusers==0.21.4

Stable Diffusion XL

python stable_diffusion_xl.py --model stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0

Output:

Loading pipeline components...: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 7/7 [00:01<00:00,  6.62it/s]
2023-12-06 01:44:28,578 - INFO - Running baseline...
100%|█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:17<00:00,  2.93it/s]
2023-12-06 01:44:46,095 - INFO - Baseline: 17.52 seconds
Loading pipeline components...: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 7/7 [00:00<00:00,  8.06it/s]
2023-12-06 01:45:02,865 - INFO - Running DeepCache...
100%|█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:06<00:00,  8.01it/s]
2023-12-06 01:45:09,573 - INFO - DeepCache: 6.71 seconds
2023-12-06 01:45:10,678 - INFO - Saved to output.png. Done!

You can add --refine at the end of the command to activate the refiner model for SDXL.

Stable Diffusion v1.5

python stable_diffusion.py --model runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5

Output:

2023-12-03 16:18:13,636 - INFO - Loaded safety_checker as StableDiffusionSafetyChecker from `safety_checker` subfolder of runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5.
2023-12-03 16:18:13,699 - INFO - Loaded vae as AutoencoderKL from `vae` subfolder of runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5.
Loading pipeline components...: 100%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 7/7 [00:01<00:00,  5.88it/s]
2023-12-03 16:18:22,837 - INFO - Running baseline...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:03<00:00, 15.33it/s]
2023-12-03 16:18:26,174 - INFO - Baseline: 3.34 seconds
2023-12-03 16:18:26,174 - INFO - Running DeepCache...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:01<00:00, 34.06it/s]
2023-12-03 16:18:27,718 - INFO - DeepCache: 1.54 seconds
2023-12-03 16:18:27,935 - INFO - Saved to output.png. Done!

Stable Diffusion v2.1

python stable_diffusion.py --model stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1

Output:

2023-12-03 16:21:17,858 - INFO - Loaded feature_extractor as CLIPImageProcessor from `feature_extractor` subfolder of stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1.
2023-12-03 16:21:17,864 - INFO - Loaded scheduler as DDIMScheduler from `scheduler` subfolder of stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1.
Loading pipeline components...: 100%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 6/6 [00:01<00:00,  5.35it/s]
2023-12-03 16:21:49,770 - INFO - Running baseline...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:14<00:00,  3.42it/s]
2023-12-03 16:22:04,551 - INFO - Baseline: 14.78 seconds
2023-12-03 16:22:04,551 - INFO - Running DeepCache...
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:08<00:00,  6.10it/s]
2023-12-03 16:22:12,911 - INFO - DeepCache: 8.36 seconds
2023-12-03 16:22:13,417 - INFO - Saved to output.png. Done!

Currently, our code supports the models that can be loaded by StableDiffusionPipeline. You can specify the model name by the argument --model, which by default, is runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5. We are arranging the code for LDM and DDPM and will release it in the next few days.

Usage

• For Stable Diffusion XL (Only the base model currently)

import torch
from DeepCache import StableDiffusionXLPipeline as DeepCacheStableDiffusionXLPipeline
pipe = DeepCacheStableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0", torch_dtype=torch.float16, variant="fp16", use_safetensors=True
).to("cuda:0")
prompt = "A photo of a cat. Focus light and create sharp, defined edges."        
deepcache_output = pipe(
    prompt, 
    cache_interval=3, cache_layer_id=0, cache_block_id=0,
    output_type='pt', return_dict=True
).images

• For Stable Diffusion

import torch
from DeepCache import StableDiffusionPipeline
pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained('runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5', torch_dtype=torch.float16).to("cuda:0")
prompt = "a photo of an astronaut on a moon"
deepcache_output = pipe(
    prompt, 
    cache_interval=5, cache_layer_id=0, cache_block_id=0,
    uniform=True, #pow=1.4, center=15, # only for uniform = False
    output_type='pt', return_dict=True
).images

Arguments:

• cache_interval: the interval (N in the 1:N strategy) of cache update. Larger intervals bring more significant speedup.
• cache_layer_id & cache_block_id: the block/layer ID of the selected skip branch.
• uniform: whether to enable the uniform caching strategy.
• pow & center: the hyperparameters for non-uniform 1:N strategy.

Visualization

Images in the upper line are the baselines, and the images in the lower line are accelerated by DeepCache.

Stable Diffusion v1.5 (2.15x Acceleration)

LDM-4-G for ImageNet (6.96x Acceleration)

DDPM for LSUN Church & Bedroom (1.48x Acceleration)

Quantitative Results

ImageNet

Stable Diffusion v1.5

More results can be found in our paper

Other Implementations and Plugins

We are sincerely grateful to the authors listed below who implemented DeepCache in plugins or other contexts.

• Comfyui: https://gist.github.com/laksjdjf/435c512bc19636e9c9af4ee7bea9eb86 by @laksjdjf
• Colab & Gradio: https://github.com/camenduru/DeepCache-colab by @camenduru

We warmly welcome contributions from everyone. Please feel free to reach out to us.

Bibtex

@misc{ma2023deepcache,
      title={DeepCache: Accelerating Diffusion Models for Free}, 
      author={Xinyin Ma and Gongfan Fang and Xinchao Wang},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2312.00858},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV}
}