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eveliz15 · Mar 18, 2022 · 1a92be3 · 1a92be3
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diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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+node_modules
+script.txt
diff --git a/01_output.php b/01_output.php
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+<?php // This is a php tag. If there is no html or other content below the php, we don't need to close the php tag.
+
+/* ------- Outputting Content ------- */
+
+// Echo - Output strings, numbers, html, etc
+echo 'Hello';
+echo 123;
+echo '<h1>Hello</h1>';
+
+// print - Similar to echo, but a bit slower
+print 'Hello';
+
+// print_r - Gives a bit more info. Can be used to print arrays
+print_r('Hello');
+print_r([1, 2, 3]);
+
+// var_dump - Even more info like data type and length
+var_dump('Hello');
+var_dump([1, 2, 3]);
+
+// Escaping characters with a backslash
+echo "Is your name O\'reilly?";
+
+/* ------------ Comments ------------ */
+
+// This is a single line comment
+
+/*
+      * This is a multi-line comment
+      *
+      * It can be used to comment out a block of code
+      */
+
+// If there is more content after the PHP, such as this file, you do need the ending tag. Otherwise you do not.
+?>
+
+<!-- You can output any HTML that you want within a .php file -->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <title>My PHP Website</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <!-- You can output PHP including variables, etc -->
+  <h1>Hello <?php echo 'Brad'; ?></h1>
+  <!-- You may only drop the semi-colon after a statement when the statement is followed immediately by a closing PHP tag ?>. -->
+  <h1>Hello <?= 'Brad' ?></h1>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/02_variables.php b/02_variables.php
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+<?php
+
+/* ----- Variables & Data Types ----- */
+
+/* --------- PHP Data Types --------- */
+/*
+- String - A string is a series of characters surrounded by quotes
+- Integer - Whole numbers
+- Float - Decimal numbers
+- Boolean - true or false
+- Array - An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value
+- Object - A class
+- NULL - Empty variable
+- Resource - A special variable that holds a resource
+*/
+
+/* --------- Variable Rules --------- */
+/*
+- Variables must be prefixed with $
+- Variables must start with a letter or the underscore character
+- variables can't start with a number
+- Variables can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
+- Variables are case-sensitive ($name and $NAME are two different variables)
+*/
+
+$name = 'Brad'; // String // Can be single or double quotes
+$age = 40; // Integer
+$hasKids = true; // Boolean
+$cashOnHand = 10.5; //Float
+
+var_dump($cashOnHand);
+
+/* --- Adding variables to strings -- */
+
+// Double quotes can be used to add variables to strings
+echo "$name is $age years old";
+
+// Better to do this
+echo "${name} is ${age} years old";
+
+// Concatenate Strings
+
+echo '<h3>' . $name . ' is ' . $age . ' years old</h3>';
+
+// Arithmetic Operators
+
+echo 5 + 5;
+echo 10 - 6;
+echo 5 * 10;
+echo 10 / 2;
+
+// Constants - Cannot be changed
+define('HOST', 'localhost');
+define('USER', 'root');
+
+var_dump(HOST);
diff --git a/03_arrays.php b/03_arrays.php
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+<?php
+/* ----------- Arrrays ----------- */
+
+/*
+  If you need to store multiple values, you can use arrays. Arrays hold "elements"
+*/
+
+// Simple array of numbers
+$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+// Simple array of strings
+$colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];
+
+// Using the array function to create an array of numbers
+$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+// Outputting values from an array
+echo $numbers[0];
+echo $numbers[3] + $numbers[4];
+
+// We can use print_r or var_dump to see the contents of an array
+var_dump($numbers);
+
+/* ------ Associative Arrays ----- */
+
+/*
+  Associative arrays allow us to use named keys to identify values.
+*/
+
+$colors = [
+  1 => 'red',
+  2 => 'green',
+  3 => 'blue',
+];
+
+// echo $colors[1];
+
+// Strings as keys
+$hex = [
+  'red' => '#f00',
+  'green' => '#0f0',
+  'blue' => '#00f',
+];
+
+echo $hex['red'];
+var_dump($hex);
+
+/* ---- Multi-dimensional arrays ---- */
+
+/*
+  Multi-dimansional arrays are often used to store data in a table format.
+*/
+
+// Single person
+$person1 = [
+  'first_name' => 'Brad',
+  'last_name' => 'Traversy',
+  'email' => '[email protected]',
+];
+
+// Array of people
+$people = [
+  $person1, //   [...$person1]
+  [
+    'first_name' => 'John',
+    'last_name' => 'Doe',
+    'email' => '[email protected]',
+  ],
+  [
+    'first_name' => 'Jane',
+    'last_name' => 'Doe',
+    'email' => '[email protected]',
+  ],
+];
+
+var_dump($people);
+
+// Accessing values in a multi-dimensional array
+echo $people[0]['first_name'];
+echo $people[2]['email'];
+
+// Encode to JSON
+var_dump(json_encode($people));
diff --git a/04_conditionals.php b/04_conditionals.php
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+<?php
+
+/* ---- Conditionals & Operators ---- */
+
+/* ------------ Operators ----------- */
+
+/*
+  < Less than
+  > Greater than
+  <= Less than or equal to
+  >= Greater than or equal to
+  == Equal to
+  === Identical to
+  != Not equal to
+  !== Not identical to
+*/
+
+/* ---------- If Statements --------- */
+
+/*
+** If Statement Syntax
+if (condition) {
+  // code to be executed if condition is true
+}
+*/
+
+$age = 20;
+
+if ($age >= 18) {
+  echo 'You are old enough to vote!';
+} else {
+  echo 'Sorry, you are too young to vote.';
+}
+
+// Dates
+// $today = date("F j, Y, g:i a");
+
+$t = date('H');
+
+if ($t < 12) {
+  echo 'Have a good morning!';
+} elseif ($t < 17) {
+  echo 'Have a good afternoon!';
+} else {
+  echo 'Have a good evening!';
+}
+
+// Check if an array is empty
+// The isset() function will generate a warning or e-notice when the variable does not exists. The empty() function will not generate any warning or e-notice when the variable does not exists.
+
+$posts = [];
+
+if (!empty($posts[0])) {
+  echo $posts[0];
+} else {
+  echo 'There are no posts';
+}
+
+/* -------- Ternary Operator -------- */
+/*
+  The ternary operator is a shorthand if statement.
+  Ternary Syntax:
+    condition ? true : false;
+*/
+
+// Echo based on a condition (Same as above)
+echo !empty($posts[0]) ? $posts[0] : 'There are no posts';
+
+// Assign a variable based on a condition
+$firstPost = !empty($posts[0]) ? $posts[0] : 'There are no posts';
+
+$firstPost = !empty($posts[0]) ? $posts[0] : null;
+
+// Null Coalescing Operator ?? (PHP 7.4)
+// Will return null if $posts is empty
+// Always returns first parameter, unless first parameter happens to be NULL
+$firstPost = $posts[0] ?? null;
+
+var_dump($firstPost);
+
+/* -------- Switch Statements ------- */
+
+$favcolor = 'red';
+
+switch ($favcolor) {
+  case 'red':
+    echo 'Your favorite color is red!';
+    break;
+  case 'blue':
+    echo 'Your favorite color is blue!';
+    break;
+  case 'green':
+    echo 'Your favorite color is green!';
+    break;
+  default:
+    echo 'Your favorite color is not red, blue, nor green!';
+}
diff --git a/05_loops.php b/05_loops.php
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+<?php
+
+/* -------- Loops & Iteration ------- */
+
+/* ------------ For Loop ------------ */
+
+/*
+** For Loop Syntax
+  for (initialize; condition; increment) {
+  // code to be executed
+  }
+*/
+
+for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
+  echo "Number: $x <br>";
+}
+
+/* ------------ While Loop ------------ */
+
+/*
+** While Loop Syntax
+  while (condition) {
+  // code to be executed
+  }
+*/
+
+$x = 1;
+
+while ($x <= 5) {
+  echo "Number: $x <br>";
+  $x++;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Do While Loop --------- */
+
+/*
+** Do While Loop Syntax
+  do {
+  // code to be executed
+  } while (condition);
+
+do...while loop will always execute the block of code once, even if the condition is false.
+*/
+
+do {
+  echo "Number: $x <br>";
+  $x++;
+} while ($x <= 5);
+
+/* ---------- Foreach Loop ---------- */
+
+/*
+** Foreach Loop Syntax
+  foreach ($array as $value) {
+  // code to be executed
+  }
+*/
+
+// Loop through an array
+
+$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+foreach ($numbers as $x) {
+  echo "Number: $x <br>";
+}
+
+// Use the indexes within the loop
+
+$posts = ['Post One', 'Post Two', 'Post Three'];
+
+foreach ($posts as $index => $post) {
+  echo "${index} - ${post} <br>";
+}
+
+// Use the keys within the loop for an associative array
+
+$person = [
+  'first_name' => 'Brad',
+  'last_name' => 'Traversy',
+  'email' => '[email protected]',
+];
+
+// Get Keys
+foreach ($person as $key => $val) {
+  echo "${key} - ${val} <br>";
+}