Add shared object version manager (#16790)

## Description 

This PR moves all the shared object version calculation logic out to a
separate file.
Previously we would accumulate shared object version assignment one by
one as we process each transaction.
This PR changes it such that we simply process all of them in the end
when we have the list of verified transactions.
This has a few benefits:
1. It simplifies the consensus transaction processing
2. Makes it easier to reason about the version assignment logic
3. Allows better code sharing (this will be needed in the benchmark)
4. A side benefit is that we could also batch assign version for a
vector of effects from checkpoint_executor

## Test Plan 

CI

---
If your changes are not user-facing and do not break anything, you can
skip the following section. Otherwise, please briefly describe what has
changed under the Release Notes section.

### Type of Change (Check all that apply)

- [ ] protocol change
- [ ] user-visible impact
- [ ] breaking change for a client SDKs
- [ ] breaking change for FNs (FN binary must upgrade)
- [ ] breaking change for validators or node operators (must upgrade
binaries)
- [ ] breaking change for on-chain data layout
- [ ] necessitate either a data wipe or data migration

### Release notes

crates/sui-core/src/authority.rs

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ pub mod authority_store_pruner;
 pub mod authority_store_tables;
 pub mod authority_store_types;
 pub mod epoch_start_configuration;
+pub mod shared_object_version_manager;
 pub mod test_authority_builder;
 
 pub(crate) mod authority_notify_read;