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Sci Adv | 阿尔茨海默病患者大脑转录图谱揭示非编码RNA与转录后修饰在发病过程中的关键作用
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docs/2025-01/Sci_Adv___阿尔茨海默病患者大脑转录图谱揭示非编码RNA与转录后修饰在发病过程中的关键作用.md
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title: "Sci Adv | 阿尔茨海默病患者大脑转录图谱揭示非编码RNA与转录后修饰在发病过程中的关键作用" | ||
date: 2025-01-16T21:58:38Z | ||
draft: ["false"] | ||
tags: [ | ||
"fetched", | ||
"测序中国" | ||
] | ||
categories: ["Acdemic"] | ||
--- | ||
Sci Adv | 阿尔茨海默病患者大脑转录图谱揭示非编码RNA与转录后修饰在发病过程中的关键作用 by 测序中国 | ||
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<div><section data-role="paragraph"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><img data-imgfileid="502795829" data-ratio="0.9203703703703704" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUypOGytShN3EeMMwxqtONjhCAH8yibCzwjiaSk0pkjRee8CAvlKvyz54A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUypOGytShN3EeMMwxqtONjhCAH8yibCzwjiaSk0pkjRee8CAvlKvyz54A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><span>阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种中枢神经系统的退行性病变,其标志性神经病理学改变是细胞外β-淀粉样物质沉积和神经原纤维缠结积累。AD的遗传病因至今仍不明确,且存在较大异质性。</span><span>非编码RNA(ncRNA)和转录后修饰(PTM)(选择性多聚腺苷酸化(APA)和A-to-I RNA编辑)过程对于大脑的正常运作和发育至关重要,包括长非编码RNA(lncRNA)、增强子RNA(eRNA)。</span></span></p><p><span>近期研究表明,这些分子和过程在癌症、精神障碍和AD等神经退行性疾病中广泛失调,其相应变化可能与疾病发展和对特定脑区的损害有关,这为理解AD的分子机制提供了线索。目前,ncRNA和PTM在AD中的全面作用和及其相关调控机制仍需进一步研究。</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><span>近日,美国印第安纳大学科研团队在</span><em><strong>Science Advances</strong></em><span>上发表了题为“Comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains”的文章。</span><strong>研究团队全面表征了西奈山/JJ Peters VA医学中心脑库研究(MSBB)队列、梅奥诊所AD遗传学研究(Mayo)队列中1,460个大脑样本的ncRNA和PTM事件,涉及6个大脑区域;共识别了与AD特征相关的25,351个异常表达ncRNA和PTM事件,并确定了其相应蛋白质编码基因</strong><span>。</span><span>此外,研究团队还开发了一个用户友好数据门户网站ADatlas,为更广泛的AD研究提供了有价值的资源。</span></section><section><img data-backh="189" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795820" data-ratio="0.32717391304347826" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUjQ5PWZCC2J1NeDbibDHBOnRgjKZsoMkzy9CDiboYMU2DqWRd2P54Zcxg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="920" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUjQ5PWZCC2J1NeDbibDHBOnRgjKZsoMkzy9CDiboYMU2DqWRd2P54Zcxg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>文章发表在<em>Science Advances</em></span><p></p></section><p><span>研究团队对MSBB队列前额叶皮层、颞上回、海马旁回和额下回等4个脑区,Mayo队列颞叶皮层和小脑等两个脑区的样本进行分析;收集相关RNA-seq数据,并计算了两种ncRNA和两种PTM事件在AD图谱和6个脑区中的分布情况。<strong>最终确定了33,321个lncRNA、92,897eRNA、53,763个APA事件和900,221个A-to-I编辑位点</strong>。</span><p></p></p><p><span>为探索不同AD阶段的ncRNA和PTM事件的差异模式,将上述转录事件与4个AD特征(临床痴呆、神经炎斑块评分等)进行比较,<strong>鉴定出25,351个与AD相关的ncRNA/PTM,包括1,462个lncRNA、1,930个eRNA、556个APA事件和21,403个A-to-I编辑事件</strong><strong>;并发现</strong><strong>132,750个ncRNAs/PTMs与蛋白编码基因显著相关</strong>。</span><p></p></p><section><img data-backh="514" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795824" data-ratio="0.8888888888888888" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUTKLDkSHqTpLIic9g7DM3wD6dwhiaEh6Kl4paoWBicicjqA7ZgUfGepll2g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUTKLDkSHqTpLIic9g7DM3wD6dwhiaEh6Kl4paoWBicicjqA7ZgUfGepll2g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>图1. ADAtlas中的数据集、大脑区域、转录景观、AD特征和分析概述</span><p></p></section><p><span>研究团队对6个脑区的lncRNA表达进行量化分析,并识别了与AD发病机制相关的差异表达lncRNA(DE lncRNA)。结果显示,在MSBB和Mayo队列中分别确定了933个、658个DE lncRNA;其中<strong>海马旁回和额下回区域DE lnRNA最多</strong>。基因富集分析显示,<strong>DE lncRNA主要富集于与人类疾病、代谢、翻译和机体系统相关的通路中,并在某些功能模块中表现出脑区域特异性富集</strong>。</span><p></p></p><p><span>研究团队还在多个脑区分析了AD和对照样本存在显著变化的lncRNA。结果显示,<strong>LINC02552和LINC02458在所有AD样本的大脑皮层区域表达水平均显著降低,并均与神经系统功能、神经退行性疾病和免疫相关通路呈显著正相关</strong>,提示其可能在AD发病机制中发挥潜在作用。</span></p><section><img data-backh="670" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795825" data-ratio="1.1592592592592592" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUF0yiat7tibeGomQ8KiaIiaKv2pEaDF2rzHeO2wiczXUxySajQtkZPRicr4lQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUF0yiat7tibeGomQ8KiaIiaKv2pEaDF2rzHeO2wiczXUxySajQtkZPRicr4lQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>图2. AD脑中lncRNAs的表达和失调情况</span></section><p><span>研究团队对AD患者大脑中eRNA的表达模式进行<span>表征</span>。在MSBB队列中,共鉴定出25,375个可检测的eRNA,<strong>超60% eRNA在不同脑区中共享,约9%在1个脑区中特异性表达</strong>;在Mayo队列中,共鉴定出4,914个eRNA,<strong>CBE中特异性表达的eRNA多于TCX</strong>。此外,研究团队还计算了不同脑区差异表达的eRNA(DE eRNA),并发现<strong>eRNA在AD脑中调控大量蛋白质编码基因,两队列中分别有85.3%、62.3%蛋白编码基因在至少一个脑区受到eRNA的调控</strong>。</span><p></p></p><p><span>功能富集分析显示,DE eRNA与多个功能通路相关,包括与AD风险相关的通路,如γ-氨基丁酸门控氯离子通道活性、谷氨酸能突触等。<strong>进一步分析与AD特征相关的DE eRNA,发现23个DE eRNA在MSBB和Mayo列中显示出一致的表达变化</strong>。如ENSR00000011444和ENSR00000133987,其可能通过调节特定基因(如CHI3L2和MAVS)参与AD的发病机制。上述结果揭示,<strong>eRNA通过调节AD相关基因在AD过程中发挥作用。</strong></span><p></p></p><section><img data-backh="649" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795823" data-ratio="1.1231481481481482" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUhtFdaWQM3P3k9aBuQtfxE8kGzdibsDfotGWrLwhZibQEArEpuhqr9vKw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUhtFdaWQM3P3k9aBuQtfxE8kGzdibsDfotGWrLwhZibQEArEpuhqr9vKw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>图3. AD脑中eRNA的表达和失调情况</span><p></p></section><p><span>研究团队系统分析了AD大脑样本中APA的整体分布情况,以及每个脑区与AD特征相关的APA变化。两研究队列分别发现了302例和257例显著改变的APA事件,<strong>其主要发生在海马旁回(BM36)和额下回(BM44)区域</strong>。</span><span>功能富集分析显示,</span><strong>具有APA改变的基因在多个与AD病理相关通路中富集</strong>,包括神经元间突触和中性粒细胞介导的免疫<span>。</span><span>值得注意的是,</span><strong>特定APA事件与AD相关基因(VDAC2、SNCA和UBE2L3等)的功能有关</strong><span>,这些基因在AD不同阶段表现出<span>特定<span>的</span></span>APA和基因表达模式。</span></p><p><span>对于A-to-I编辑事件,研究团队发现<strong>每个样本的RNA编辑位点数量与read覆盖率显著相关,多数RNA编辑位点位于Alu序列和内含子区域</strong>;进一步研究显示,<strong>差异编辑位点多数在海马旁回中被检测到,其显著富集于内含子、非重复和非<strong>Alu</strong>重复区域</strong>。此外,<strong>具有差异编辑位点的基因富集在神经元通路中</strong>。</span></p><section><img data-backh="300" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795821" data-ratio="0.5198511166253101" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUGTSNPWoibxFJohHBErtmbkKZCcTCjyL5Uo5zCqcek4ootDFicrmJuXlw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="806" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJUGTSNPWoibxFJohHBErtmbkKZCcTCjyL5Uo5zCqcek4ootDFicrmJuXlw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>图4. AD脑中APA(左)、A-to-I RNA编辑(右)事件表达及失调情况</span><p></p></section><p><span>基于上述研究结果,研究团队开发了一个名为ADatlas的数据门户网站(</span><span>https://hanlaboratory.com/AD_atlas/</span><span>),<strong>包含四个主要模块:lncRNA、eRNA、APA和A-to-I编辑,用户可以查询不同脑区和样本中lncRNA和eRNA的表达水平、APA事件的PDUI以及A-to-I RNA编辑时间的编辑水平</strong>。ADatlas还提供AD特征之间ncRNA和PTM事件的显著差异信息,并允许用户搜索与AD相关的转录组特征及其潜在功能。</span><p></p></p><section><img data-backh="671" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="502795826" data-ratio="1.162037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJU92hUr1ONfhdSXwGXl9vN5ZZWCtib6SGmG8RfZAjbfx8bibibSbYVkcWQA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DMKW2dzPflJfsyXrLlgg1xibXMDOLMAJU92hUr1ONfhdSXwGXl9vN5ZZWCtib6SGmG8RfZAjbfx8bibibSbYVkcWQA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg"></section><section><span>图5. ADatlas网站界面</span><p></p></section><p><span>总之,<strong>该研究揭示了ncRNA和PTMs在AD中的关键作用。</strong>研究团队表示:“未来,我们将整合更多数据集来表征ncRNA和PTM,同时发布更多大规模的AD队列。这将有利于科研人员研究ncRNA和PTM在AD中的功能和机制。”</span></p><section><span>论文原文:</span><p></p></section><p><span>Chengxuan Chen, Zhao Zhang, Yuan Liu.et al. Comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. Science Advances. </span><span>2025(1)3, Vol 11, Issue 1. 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<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qJmHIPPKiRWGGdTyPcyoxg",target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">原文链接</a> |