Android_boot_image_editor

A tool for reverse engineering Android ROM images.

Getting Started

install required packages

Linux: sudo apt install git device-tree-compiler lz4 xz-utils zlib1g-dev openjdk-11-jdk gcc g++ python3 python-is-python3

Mac: brew install lz4 xz dtc

Mac: Make sure you have JDK9+ properly installed.

Windows Subsystem for Linux(WSL): sudo apt install git device-tree-compiler lz4 xz-utils zlib1g-dev openjdk-11-jdk gcc g++ python

Windows: Make sure you have python3, JDK9+ and openssl properly installed. An easy way is to install Anaconda and Oracle JDK 11, then run the program under anaconda PowerShell. Or install them with chocolate: choco install openssl dtc-msys2

Parsing and packing

Put your boot.img to current directory, then start gradle 'unpack' task:

cp <original_boot_image> boot.img
./gradlew unpack

Your get the flattened kernel and /root filesystem under ./build/unzip_boot:

build/unzip_boot/
├── boot.json     (boot image info)
├── boot.avb.json (AVB only)
├── kernel
├── second        (2nd bootloader, if exists)
├── dtb           (dtb, if exists)
├── dtbo          (dtbo, if exists)
└── root          (extracted initramfs)

Then you can edit the actual file contents, like rootfs or kernel. Now, pack the boot.img again

./gradlew pack

You get the repacked boot.img at $(CURDIR):

boot.img.signed

Well done you did it! The last step is to star this repo :smile

live demo

Supported ROM image types

Image Type	file names	platforms	note
boot images	boot.img, vendor_boot.img, init_boot.img	all
recovery images	recovery.img, recovery-two-step.img	all
vbmeta images	vbmeta.img, vbmeta_system.img etc.	all
dtbo images	dtbo.img	linux & mac
sparse images	system.img, vendor.img, product.img etc.	linux & mac	need hacking mode*
OTA payload	payload.bin	linux & mac

Please note that the boot.img MUST follows AOSP verified boot flow, either Boot image signature in VBoot 1.0 or AVB HASH footer (a.k.a. AVB) in VBoot 2.0.

hacking mode*:

Open build.gradle.kts, Line #8, change

val bHackingMode = false

to

val bHackingMode = true

This will enable c++ modules, which is necessary for working with sparse images.

compatible devices

Device Model	Manufacturer	Compatible	Android Version	Note
ADT-3 (adt3)	Askey/Google	Y	12 (spp2.210219.010)	amlogic inside, Android TV
Pixel 3 (blueline)	Google	Y	12 (spp2.210219.008, 2021)
Pixel 3 (blueline)	Google	Y	11 (RP1A.200720.009, 2020)	more ...
Pixel 3 (blueline)	Google	Y	Q preview (qpp2.190228.023, 2019)	more ...
Redmi K30 4G (phoenix[n])	XiaoMi	Y	10	verified by @eebssk1
TS10	Topway	Y	10	car headunit, @mariodantas
Pixel XL (marlin)	HTC	Y	9.0.0 (PPR2.180905.006, Sep 2018)	more ...
K3 (CPH1955)	OPPO	Y for recovery.img N for boot.img	Pie	more
Z18 (NX606J)	ZTE	Y	8.1.0	more...
Nexus 9 (volantis/flounder)	HTC	Y(with some tricks)	7.1.1 (N9F27M, Oct 2017)	tricks
Nexus 5x (bullhead)	LG	Y	6.0.0_r12 (MDA89E)
Moto X (2013) T-Mobile	Motorola	N
X7 (PD1602_A_3.12.8)	VIVO	N	?	Issue 35

more examples

working with recovery.img

Please remember to clean the work directory first.

rm *.img
cp <your_recovery_image> recovery.img
./gradlew unpack
./gradlew pack

working with vbmeta.img

rm *.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
./gradlew pack

clean workspace

When you finished current work and need to clean the workspace for next image, it's a good idea to call the `clear` command:

./gradlew clear

working with boot.img and vbmeta.img

If your vbmeta.img contains hash of boot.img, you MUST update vbmeta image together.

rm *.img
cp <your_boot_image> boot.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
./gradlew pack

Your boot.img.signed and vbmeta.img.signd will be updated together, then you can flash them to your device.

working with vendor_boot.img + vbmeta.img (Pixel 5 etc.)

Most devices include hash descriptor of vendor_boot.img in vbmeta.img, so if you need to modify vendor_boot.img, you need to update vbmeta.img together.

rm *.img
cp <your_vendor_boot_image> vendor_boot.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
./gradlew pack
./gradlew flash

Please note that to use 'gradle flash', your host machine must be connectted to your DUT with adb, and you already 'adb root'.

edit device-tree blob(dtb) inside vendor_boot.img

If you want to edit the device-tree blob in place:

cp <your_vendor_boot_image> vendor_boot.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
==> now you can edit build/unzip_boot/dtb.src directly
./gradlew pack

During unpack stage, dtb will be dumped to file build/unzip_boot/dtb, dts will be decompiled to build/unzip_boot/dtb.src. You can edit dtb.src directly, and it will be compiled to dtb duing repack stage.

If you just want to replace the dtb with the one that is compiled outside this tool, please

cp <your_vendor_boot_image> vendor_boot.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
rm build/unzip_boot/dtb.src
cp <your_dtb> build/unzip_boot/dtb
./gradlew pack

working with system.img

First enable hacking mode by setting bHackingMode = true in file build.gradle.kts, then

cp <your_system_image> system.img
./gradlew unpack

You get system.img.unsparse, that's a plain ext4 filesystem data.

How to disable AVB verification

The idea is to set flag=2 in main vbmeta.

rm *.img
cp <your_vbmeta_image> vbmeta.img
./gradlew unpack
vim -u NONE -N build/unzip_boot/vbmeta.avb.json  -c ":19s/0/2/g" -c ":wq"
./gradlew pack

Then flash vbmeta.img.signed to your device.

boot.img layout

Read layout of Android boot.img and vendor_boot.img.

References and Acknowledgement

more ...

Android version list https://source.android.com/source/build-numbers.html
Android build-numbers https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers

cpio & fs_config
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/early-userspace/buffer-format.txt
AVB
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/avb/
boot_signer
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/extras
mkbootimg
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/tools/mkbootimg/+/refs/heads/master/
boot header definition
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/tools/mkbootimg/+/refs/heads/master/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
kernel info extractor
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/heads/master/tools/extract_kernel.py
mkdtboimg
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/libufdt/
libsparse
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/heads/master/libsparse/
Android Nexus/Pixle factory images
https://developers.google.cn/android/images

This project is developed with products by Jetbrains.