goose

This is a fork of bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose that implements several new features:

• Support for db queries that cannot be run in a transaction (CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY, ALTER TYPE)
• Explicit versions/tags
• Dependency vendoring
• Updated versions of dependencies; fixes a sqlite3 warning on the latest version of Macs.

I removed support for the Go migration mode.

goose is a database migration tool.

You can manage your database's evolution by creating incremental SQL scripts.

Install

$ make install

This will install the goose binary to your $GOPATH/bin directory.

You can also build goose into your own applications by importing github.com/kevinburke/goose/lib/goose. Documentation is available at godoc.org.

NOTE: the API is still new, and may undergo some changes.

Usage

goose provides several commands to help manage your database schema.

create

Create a SQL migration:

$ goose create AddSomeColumns
$ goose: created db/migrations/20130106093224_AddSomeColumns.sql

Edit the newly created script to define the behavior of your migration.

up

Apply all available migrations.

$ goose up
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
$ OK    001_basics.sql
$ OK    002_next.sql
$ OK    003_and_again.sql

option: pgschema

Use the pgschema flag with the up command specify a postgres schema.

$ goose -pgschema=my_schema_name up
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
$ OK    001_basics.sql
$ OK    002_next.sql
$ OK    003_and_again.sql

down

Roll back a single migration from the current version.

$ goose down
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
$ OK    003_and_again.sql

redo

Roll back the most recently applied migration, then run it again.

$ goose redo
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
$ OK    003_and_again.sql
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 2, target: 3
$ OK    003_and_again.sql

status

Print the status of all migrations:

$ goose status
$ goose: status for environment 'development'
$   Applied At                  Migration
$   =======================================
$   Sun Jan  6 11:25:03 2013 -- 001_basics.sql
$   Sun Jan  6 11:25:03 2013 -- 002_next.sql
$   Pending                  -- 003_and_again.sql

dbversion

Print the current version of the database:

$ goose dbversion
$ goose: dbversion 002

goose -h provides more detailed info on each command.

Migrations

goose supports migrations written in SQL - see the goose create command above for details on how to generate them.

SQL Migrations

A sample SQL migration looks like:

-- +goose Up
CREATE TABLE post (
    id int NOT NULL,
    title text,
    body text,
    PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

-- +goose Down
DROP TABLE post;

Notice the annotations in the comments. Any statements following -- +goose Up will be executed as part of a forward migration, and any statements following -- +goose Down will be executed as part of a rollback.

By default, SQL statements are delimited by semicolons - in fact, query statements must end with a semicolon to be properly recognized by goose.

More complex statements (PL/pgSQL) that have semicolons within them must be annotated with -- +goose StatementBegin and -- +goose StatementEnd to be properly recognized. For example:

-- +goose Up
-- +goose StatementBegin
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION histories_partition_creation( DATE, DATE )
returns void AS $$
DECLARE
  create_query text;
BEGIN
  FOR create_query IN SELECT
      'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS histories_'
      || TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY_MM' )
      || ' ( CHECK( created_at >= timestamp '''
      || TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
      || ''' AND created_at < timestamp '''
      || TO_CHAR( d + INTERVAL '1 month', 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
      || ''' ) ) inherits ( histories );'
    FROM generate_series( $1, $2, '1 month' ) AS d
  LOOP
    EXECUTE create_query;
  END LOOP;  -- LOOP END
END;         -- FUNCTION END
$$
language plpgsql;
-- +goose StatementEnd

Configuration

goose expects you to maintain a folder (typically called "db"), which contains the following:

• a dbconf.yml file that describes the database configurations you'd like to use
• a folder called "migrations" which contains .sql and/or .go scripts that implement your migrations

You may use the -path option to specify an alternate location for the folder containing your config and migrations.

A sample dbconf.yml looks like

development:
    driver: postgres
    open: user=liam dbname=tester sslmode=disable

Here, development specifies the name of the environment, and the driver and open elements are passed directly to database/sql to access the specified database.

You may include as many environments as you like, and you can use the -env command line option to specify which one to use. goose defaults to using an environment called development.

goose will expand environment variables in the open element. For an example, see the Heroku section below.

Database Drivers

Currently, available dialects are: "postgres", "mysql", or "sqlite3".

Because migrations written in SQL are executed directly by the goose binary, only drivers compiled into goose may be used for these migrations.

Queries that require a transaction

Some Postgres migrations (CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY, ALTER TYPE) cannot be run in a transaction. goose has a special mode that can detect these queries and run them outside of a transaction. To avoid partially-applied transactions, we require that these can't-run-in-transaction queries consist of a single statement per up/down block, e.g. you can't do ALTER TYPE ...; ALTER TYPE ...;.

Contributors

Thank you!

• Josh Bleecher Snyder (josharian)
• Abigail Walthall (ghthor)
• Daniel Heath (danielrheath)
• Chris Baynes (chris_baynes)
• Michael Gerow (gerow)
• Vytautas Šaltenis (rtfb)
• James Cooper (coopernurse)
• Gyepi Sam (gyepisam)
• Matt Sherman (clipperhouse)
• runner_mei
• John Luebs (jkl1337)
• Luke Hutton (lukehutton)
• Kevin Gorjan (kevingorjan)
• Brendan Fosberry (Fozz)
• Nate Guerin (gusennan)