Add support for checking hash of downloaded files before use. (openai…

…#230)

We are using tiktoken in various production scenarios and sometimes have
the problem that the download of `.tiktoken` files (e.g.,
`cl100k_base.tiktoken`) will get interrupted or fail, causing the cached
file to be corrupted in some way. In those cases, the results returned
from the encoder will be incorrect and could be damaging to our
production instances.

More often, when this happens, `Encoder.encode()` will throw an
exception such as
```
pyo3_runtime.PanicException: no entry found for key
```
which turns out to be quite hard to track down.

In an effort to make tiktoken more robust for production use, this PR
adds the `sha256` hash of each of the downloaded files to
`openai_public.py` and augments `read_file` to check for the hash, if
provided, when the file is accessed from the cache or downloaded
directly. This causes errors to be flagged at file load time, rather
than when the files are used, and provides a more meaningful error
message indicating what might have gone wrong.

This also protects users of tiktoken from scenarios where a network
issue or MITM attack could have corrupted these files in transit.

tiktoken/load.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import os
 import tempfile
 import uuid
+from typing import Optional
 
 import requests
 
@@ -26,7 +27,12 @@ def read_file(blobpath: str) -> bytes:
     return resp.content
 
 
-def read_file_cached(blobpath: str) -> bytes:
+def check_hash(data: bytes, hash: str) -> bool:
+    data_hash = hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()
+    return data_hash == hash
+
+
+def read_file_cached(blobpath: str, expected_hash: Optional[str]=None) -> bytes:
     user_specified_cache = True
     if "TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR" in os.environ:
         cache_dir = os.environ["TIKTOKEN_CACHE_DIR"]
@@ -45,9 +51,20 @@ def read_file_cached(blobpath: str) -> bytes:
     cache_path = os.path.join(cache_dir, cache_key)
     if os.path.exists(cache_path):
         with open(cache_path, "rb") as f:
-            return f.read()
+            data = f.read()
+            if expected_hash and not check_hash(data, expected_hash):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Hash mismatch for cached data from {blobpath} (expected {expected_hash}). "
+                    f"Please delete the cache file at {cache_path} and try again."
+                )
+            return data
 
     contents = read_file(blobpath)
+    if expected_hash and not check_hash(contents, expected_hash):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Hash mismatch for data downloaded from {blobpath} (expected {expected_hash}). "
+            f"This may indicate a corrupted download. Please try again."
+        )
 
     try:
         os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
@@ -64,7 +81,7 @@ def read_file_cached(blobpath: str) -> bytes:
 
 
 def data_gym_to_mergeable_bpe_ranks(
-    vocab_bpe_file: str, encoder_json_file: str
+    vocab_bpe_file: str, encoder_json_file: str, vocab_bpe_hash: Optional[str]=None, encoder_json_hash: Optional[str]=None
 ) -> dict[bytes, int]:
     # NB: do not add caching to this function
     rank_to_intbyte = [b for b in range(2**8) if chr(b).isprintable() and chr(b) != " "]
@@ -79,7 +96,7 @@ def data_gym_to_mergeable_bpe_ranks(
     assert len(rank_to_intbyte) == 2**8
 
     # vocab_bpe contains the merges along with associated ranks
-    vocab_bpe_contents = read_file_cached(vocab_bpe_file).decode()
+    vocab_bpe_contents = read_file_cached(vocab_bpe_file, vocab_bpe_hash).decode()
     bpe_merges = [tuple(merge_str.split()) for merge_str in vocab_bpe_contents.split("\n")[1:-1]]
 
     def decode_data_gym(value: str) -> bytes:
@@ -96,7 +113,7 @@ def decode_data_gym(value: str) -> bytes:
     # check that the encoder file matches the merges file
     # this sanity check is important since tiktoken assumes that ranks are ordered the same
     # as merge priority
-    encoder_json = json.loads(read_file_cached(encoder_json_file))
+    encoder_json = json.loads(read_file_cached(encoder_json_file, encoder_json_hash))
     encoder_json_loaded = {decode_data_gym(k): v for k, v in encoder_json.items()}
     # drop these two special tokens if present, since they're not mergeable bpe tokens
     encoder_json_loaded.pop(b"<|endoftext|>", None)
@@ -118,9 +135,9 @@ def dump_tiktoken_bpe(bpe_ranks: dict[bytes, int], tiktoken_bpe_file: str) -> No
             f.write(base64.b64encode(token) + b" " + str(rank).encode() + b"\n")
 
 
-def load_tiktoken_bpe(tiktoken_bpe_file: str) -> dict[bytes, int]:
+def load_tiktoken_bpe(tiktoken_bpe_file: str, expected_hash: Optional[str]=None) -> dict[bytes, int]:
     # NB: do not add caching to this function
-    contents = read_file_cached(tiktoken_bpe_file)
+    contents = read_file_cached(tiktoken_bpe_file, expected_hash)
     return {
         base64.b64decode(token): int(rank)
         for token, rank in (line.split() for line in contents.splitlines() if line)

tiktoken_ext/openai_public.py

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ def gpt2():
     mergeable_ranks = data_gym_to_mergeable_bpe_ranks(
         vocab_bpe_file="https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/gpt-2/encodings/main/vocab.bpe",
         encoder_json_file="https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/gpt-2/encodings/main/encoder.json",
+        vocab_bpe_hash="1ce1664773c50f3e0cc8842619a93edc4624525b728b188a9e0be33b7726adc5",
+        encoder_json_hash="196139668be63f3b5d6574427317ae82f612a97c5d1cdaf36ed2256dbf636783",
     )
     return {
         "name": "gpt2",
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ def gpt2():
 
 def r50k_base():
     mergeable_ranks = load_tiktoken_bpe(
-        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/r50k_base.tiktoken"
+        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/r50k_base.tiktoken",
+        expected_hash="306cd27f03c1a714eca7108e03d66b7dc042abe8c258b44c199a7ed9838dd930",
     )
     return {
         "name": "r50k_base",
@@ -36,7 +39,8 @@ def r50k_base():
 
 def p50k_base():
     mergeable_ranks = load_tiktoken_bpe(
-        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/p50k_base.tiktoken"
+        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/p50k_base.tiktoken",
+        expected_hash="94b5ca7dff4d00767bc256fdd1b27e5b17361d7b8a5f968547f9f23eb70d2069",
     )
     return {
         "name": "p50k_base",
@@ -49,7 +53,8 @@ def p50k_base():
 
 def p50k_edit():
     mergeable_ranks = load_tiktoken_bpe(
-        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/p50k_base.tiktoken"
+        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/p50k_base.tiktoken",
+        expected_hash="94b5ca7dff4d00767bc256fdd1b27e5b17361d7b8a5f968547f9f23eb70d2069",
     )
     special_tokens = {ENDOFTEXT: 50256, FIM_PREFIX: 50281, FIM_MIDDLE: 50282, FIM_SUFFIX: 50283}
     return {
@@ -62,7 +67,8 @@ def p50k_edit():
 
 def cl100k_base():
     mergeable_ranks = load_tiktoken_bpe(
-        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/cl100k_base.tiktoken"
+        "https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/encodings/cl100k_base.tiktoken",
+        expected_hash="223921b76ee99bde995b7ff738513eef100fb51d18c93597a113bcffe865b2a7",
     )
     special_tokens = {
         ENDOFTEXT: 100257,