Official code and data repository of ADBench: Anomaly Detection Benchmark. Please star, watch, and fork ADBench for the active updates!

We are making revision to the paper, and there might be some mismatches between the repo and the paper. The next paper release will be around Mid Sep.

Citing ADBench:

Our ADBench benchmark paper is now available on arxiv. If you find this work useful or use some our released datasets, we would appreciate citations to the following paper:

@article{han2022adbench,  
      title={ADBench: Anomaly Detection Benchmark},   
      author={Songqiao Han and Xiyang Hu and Hailiang Huang and Mingqi Jiang and Yue Zhao},  
      year={2022},  
      eprint={2206.09426},  
      archivePrefix={arXiv},  
      primaryClass={cs.LG}  
}

---

Who Are We? ✨

ADBench is a collaborative effort between researchers at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE) and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). The project is designed and conducted by Minqi Jiang (SUFE) and Yue Zhao (CMU), and Xiyang Hu (CMU) --the author(s) of important anomaly detection libraries, including anomaly detection for tabular (PyOD), time-series (TODS), and graph data (PyGOD).

Why Do You Need ADBench?

ADBench is (to our best knowledge) the most comprehensive tabular anomaly detection benchmark, where we analyze the performance of 30 anomaly detection algorithms on 57 datasets (where we introduced 10 new datasets). By analyzing both research needs and deployment requirements in industry, ADBench conducts 98,436 experiments with three major angles:

1. the effect of supervision (e.g., ground truth labels) by including 14 unsupervised, 7 semi-supervised, and 9 supervised methods;
2. algorithm performance under different types of anomalies by simulating the environments with 4 types of anomalies; and
3. algorithm robustness and stability under 3 settings of data corruptions.

Key Takeaways in 1 Minute:

1. ‼️ surprisingly none of the benchmarked unsupervised algorithms is statistically better than others, emphasizing the importance of algorithm selection;
2. ‼️ with merely 1% labeled anomalies, most semi-supervised methods can outperform the best unsupervised method, justifying the importance of supervision;
3. in controlled environments, we observe that best unsupervised methods for specific types of anomalies are even better than semi- and fully-supervised methods, revealing the necessity of understanding data characteristics;
4. semi-supervised methods show potential in achieving robustness in noisy and corrupted data, possibly due to their efficiency in using labels and feature selection;
5. ⁉️ and many more can be found in our papers (Section 4)

The Figure below provides an overview of our proposed ADBench (see our paper for details).

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How to use ADBench?

We envision three primary usages of ADBench:

• Have better understanding of anomaly detection algorithms: please read our paper for details.
• Conduct future research on anomaly detection: we list 4 important future research questions in the paper--see Section 4 to see some thoughts!
• Access rich algorithm implementation and datasets: see details below for how to use them
• Benchmark your anomaly detection algorithms: see notebook for instruction.

Dependency

The experiment code is written in Python 3 and built on a number of Python packages:

• scikit-learn==0.20.3
• pyod==1.0.0
• Keras==2.8.0
• tensorflow==2.8.0
• torch==1.9.0
• rtdl==0.0.13
• delu
• lightgbm
• xgboost
• catboost
• copulas

Quickly implement ADBench for benchmarking AD algorithms.

We present the following example for quickly implementing ADBench in three different Angles illustrated in the paper. Currently, 57 datasets can be used for evaluating 30 algorithms in ADBench, and we encourage to test your customized datasets/algorithms in our ADBench testbed.

Angle I: Availability of Ground Truth Labels (Supervision)

from data_generator import DataGenerator
from myutils import Utils

# one can use our already included datasets
data_generator = DataGenerator(dataset='6_cardio.npz')
# specify the ratio of labeled anomalies to generate X and y
# la could be any float number in [0.0, 1.0]
data = data_generator.generator(la=0.1) 

# or specify the X and y of your customized data
# data_generator = DataGenerator(dataset=None)
# data = data_generator.generator(X=X, y=y, la=0.1)

# import AD algorithms (e.g., DevNet) and initialization
from baseline.DevNet.run import DevNet
model = DevNet(seed=42)

# fitting
model.fit(X_train=data['X_train'], y_train=data['y_train'])

# prediction
score = model.predict_score(data['X_test'])

# evaluation
utils = Utils()
result = utils.metric(y_true=data['y_test'], y_score=score)

Angle II: Types of Anomalies

# For Angle II, different types of anomalies are generated as the following
data_generator = DataGenerator(dataset='6_cardio.npz')
# the type of anomalies could be 'local', 'global', 'dependency' or 'cluster'.
data = data_generator.generator(realistic_synthetic_mode='local')

Angle III: Model Robustness with Noisy and Corrupted Data

# For Angle III, different data noises and corruptions are added as the following
data_generator = DataGenerator(dataset='6_cardio.npz')
# the type of anomalies could be 'duplicated_anomalies', 'irrelevant_features' or 'label_contamination'.
data = data_generator.generator(noise_type='duplicated_anomalies')

• We also provide an example for quickly implementing ADBench, as shown in notebook.
• For complete results of ADBench, please refer to our paper.
• For reproduce experiment results of ADBench, please run the code.

Datasets

ADBench includes 57 datasets, as shown in the following Table.

• Among them, 47 widely-used real-world datasets are gathered for model evaluation, which cover many application domains, including healthcare (e.g., disease diagnosis), audio and language processing (e.g., speech recognition), image processing (e.g., object identification), finance (e.g., financial fraud detection), etc.

• we introduce 10 more complex datasets from CV and NLP domains with more samples and richer features in ADBench. Pretrained models are applied to extract data embedding from NLP and CV datasets to access more complex representation. Please see the datasets folder and our paper for detailed information.

• We organize the above 57 datasets into user-friendly format. All the datasets are named as "number_data.npz" in the datasets folder. For example, one can evaluate AD algorithms on the cardio dataset by the following codes. For multi-class dataset like CIFAR10, additional class numbers should be specified as "number_data_class.npz". Please see the folder for more details.

• We provide the data processing code for NLP datasets and for CV datasets in Google Colab, where one can quickly reproduce our procedures via the free GPUs. We hope this could be helpful for the AD community.

We have unified all the datasets in .npz format, and you can read a dataset by the following script

import numpy as np
data = np.load('6_cardio.npz', allow_pickle=True)
X, y = data['X'], data['y']

Number	Data	# Samples	# Features	# Anomaly	% Anomaly	Category
1	ALOI	49534	27	1508	3.04	Image
2	annthyroid	7200	6	534	7.42	Healthcare
3	backdoor	95329	196	2329	2.44	Network
4	breastw	683	9	239	34.99	Healthcare
5	campaign	41188	62	4640	11.27	Finance
6	cardio	1831	21	176	9.61	Healthcare
7	Cardiotocography	2114	21	466	22.04	Healthcare
8	celeba	202599	39	4547	2.24	Image
9	census	299285	500	18568	6.20	Sociology
10	cover	286048	10	2747	0.96	Botany
11	donors	619326	10	36710	5.93	Sociology
12	fault	1941	27	673	34.67	Physical
13	fraud	284807	29	492	0.17	Finance
14	glass	214	7	9	4.21	Forensic
15	Hepatitis	80	19	13	16.25	Healthcare
16	http	567498	3	2211	0.39	Web
17	InternetAds	1966	1555	368	18.72	Image
18	Ionosphere	351	32	126	35.90	Oryctognosy
19	landsat	6435	36	1333	20.71	Astronautics
20	letter	1600	32	100	6.25	Image
21	Lymphography	148	18	6	4.05	Healthcare
22	magic.gamma	19020	10	6688	35.16	Physical
23	mammography	11183	6	260	2.32	Healthcare
24	mnist	7603	100	700	9.21	Image
25	musk	3062	166	97	3.17	Chemistry
26	optdigits	5216	64	150	2.88	Image
27	PageBlocks	5393	10	510	9.46	Document
28	pendigits	6870	16	156	2.27	Image
29	Pima	768	8	268	34.90	Healthcare
30	satellite	6435	36	2036	31.64	Astronautics
31	satimage-2	5803	36	71	1.22	Astronautics
32	shuttle	49097	9	3511	7.15	Astronautics
33	skin	245057	3	50859	20.75	Image
34	smtp	95156	3	30	0.03	Web
35	SpamBase	4207	57	1679	39.91	Document
36	speech	3686	400	61	1.65	Linguistics
37	Stamps	340	9	31	9.12	Document
38	thyroid	3772	6	93	2.47	Healthcare
39	vertebral	240	6	30	12.50	Biology
40	vowels	1456	12	50	3.43	Linguistics
41	Waveform	3443	21	100	2.90	Physics
42	WBC	223	9	10	4.48	Healthcare
43	WDBC	367	30	10	2.72	Healthcare
44	Wilt	4819	5	257	5.33	Botany
45	wine	129	13	10	7.75	Chemistry
46	WPBC	198	33	47	23.74	Healthcare
47	yeast	1484	8	507	34.16	Biology
48	CIFAR10	5263	512	263	5.00	Image
49	FashionMNIST	6315	512	315	5.00	Image
50	MNIST-C	10000	512	500	5.00	Image
51	MVTec-AD	See Table B2.				Image
52	SVHN	5208	512	260	5.00	Image
53	Agnews	10000	768	500	5.00	NLP
54	Amazon	10000	768	500	5.00	NLP
55	Imdb	10000	768	500	5.00	NLP
56	Yelp	10000	768	500	5.00	NLP
57	20newsgroups	See Table B3.				NLP

Algorithms

Compared to the previous benchmark studies, we have a larger algorithm collection with

1. latest unsupervised AD algorithms like DeepSVDD and ECOD;
2. SOTA semi-supervised algorithms, including DeepSAD and DevNet;
3. latest network architectures like ResNet in computer vision (CV) and Transformer in natural language processing (NLP) domain ---we adapt ResNet and FTTransformer models for tabular AD in the proposed ADBench; and
4. ensemble learning methods like LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost. The Figure below shows the algorithms (14 unsupervised, 7 semi-supervised, and 9 supervised algorithms) in ADBench.

For each algorithm, we also introduce its specific implementation in the following Table. The only thing worth noting is that model name should be specified (especially for those models deployed by their corresponding package, e.g., PyOD). The following codes show the example to import AD models. Please see the Table for complete AD models included in ADBench and their import methods.

from baseline.PyOD import PYOD
model = PYOD(model_name='XGBOD') # initialization
model.fit(X_train, y_train) # fit
score = model.predict_score(X_test) # predict

Model	Year	Type	DL	Import	Source
PCA	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
OCSVM	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
LOF	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
CBLOF	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
COF	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
HBOS	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
KNN	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
SOD	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
COPOD	2020	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
ECOD	2022	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
IForest†	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
LODA†	Before 2017	Unsup	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
DeepSVDD	2018	Unsup	✓	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
DAGMM	2018	Unsup	✓	from baseline.DAGMM.run import DAGMM	Link
GANomaly	2018	Semi	✓	from baseline.GANomaly.run import GANomaly	Link
XGBOD†	2018	Semi	✗	from baseline.PyOD import PYOD	Link
DeepSAD	2019	Semi	✓	from baseline.DeepSAD.src.run import DeepSAD	Link
REPEN	2018	Semi	✓	from baseline.REPEN.run import REPEN	Link
DevNet	2019	Semi	✓	from baseline.DevNet.run import DevNet	Link
PReNet	2020	Semi	✓	from baseline.PReNet.run import PReNet	/
FEAWAD	2021	Semi	✓	from baseline.FEAWAD.run import FEAWAD	Link
NB	Before 2017	Sup	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
SVM	Before 2017	Sup	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
MLP	Before 2017	Sup	✓	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
RF†	Before 2017	Sup	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
LGB†	2017	Supervised	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
XGB†	Before 2017	Sup	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
CatB†	2019	Sup	✗	from baseline.Supervised import supervised	Link
ResNet	2019	Sup	✓	from baseline.FTTransformer.run import FTTransformer	Link
FTTransformer	2019	Sup	✓	from baseline.FTTransformer.run import FTTransformer	Link

• '†' marks ensembling. This symbol is not included in the model name.
• Un-, semi-, and fully-supervised methods are denoted as unsup, semi and sup, respectively.