Verkko is a hybrid genome assembly pipeline developed for telomere-to-telomere assembly of PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore reads. Verkko is Finnish for net, mesh and graph.
Verkko uses Canu to correct remaining errors in the HiFi reads, builds a multiplex de Bruijn graph using MBG, aligns the Oxford Nanopore reads to the graph using GraphAligner, progressively resolves loops and tangles first with the HiFi reads then with the aligned Oxford Nanopore reads, and finally creates contig consensus sequences using Canu's consensus module.
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Compilation from source requires GCC 9 or newer and Rust 1.66.1 or newer. (Do NOT download the .zip source code. It is missing files and will not compile. This is a known flaw with git itself.)
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Running verkko requires:
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Running verkko with hi-c data also requires
Installing with a 'package manager' is encouraged:
conda install -c conda-forge -c bioconda -c defaults verkko
or
conda create -n verkko -c conda-forge -c bioconda -c defaults verkko
if you prefer to install verkko in a separate environment. Alternatively, you can download the source for a recent release.
To install Verkko from github (for developers only) run:
git clone https://github.com/marbl/verkko.git
cd verkko/src
git submodule init && git submodule update
make -j32
This will create the folder verkko/bin and verkko/lib/verkko. You can move the contents of these folders to a central installation location or you can add verkko/bin to your path. If any of the dependencies (e.g. GraphAligner, MBG, winnowmap, mashmap, etc) are not available in your path you may also symlink them under verkko/lib/verkko/bin/. Make sure you are using the latest tip of MBG/GraphAligner not a conda install for development.
Verkko is implemented as a Snakemake workflow, launched by a wrapper script to parse options and create a config.yml file.
verkko -d <work-directory> --hifi <hifi-read-files> [--nano <ont-read-files>]
By default, verkko will run the snakemake workflow and all compute on the local machine. Support for SGE, Slurm and LSF (untested) can be enabled with options --sge, --slurm and --lsf, respectively. This will run the snakemake workflow on the local machine but submit all compute to the grid. To launch the both the snakemake workflow and compute on the grid, wrap the verkko command in a shell script and submit using your scheduler. You may need to set the environment variable VERKKO to the installation directory of Verkko if there are errors that component scripts are not found.
Verkko supports extended phasing using using rukki using either trio or Hi-C information.
To run in trio mode, you must first generate merqury hapmer databases and pass them to verkko. Please use git clone to pull the latest versions merqury (see the merqury documentation for details) and make sure that /path/to/verkko/lib/verkko/bin is in your path. Then, if you have a SLURM cluster you can run:
$MERQURY/_submit_build.sh -c 30 maternal.fofn maternal_compress
$MERQURY/_submit_build.sh -c 30 paternal.fofn paternal_compress
$MERQURY/_submit_build.sh -c 30 child.fofn child_compress
if not, you can run
meryl count compress k=30 threads=XX memory=YY maternal.*fastq.gz output maternal_compress.k30.meryl
meryl count compress k=30 threads=XX memory=YY paternal.*fastq.gz output paternal_compress.k30.meryl
meryl count compress k=30 threads=XX memory=YY child.*fastq.gz output child_compress.k30.meryl
replacing XX and YY with the threads and memory you want meryl to use. Once you have the databases, run:
$MERQURY/trio/hapmers.sh \
maternal_compress.k30.meryl \
paternal_compress.k30.meryl \
child_compress.k30.meryl
verkko -d asm \
--hifi hifi/*.fastq.gz \
--nano ont/*.fastq.gz \
--hap-kmers maternal_compress.k30.hapmer.meryl \
paternal_compress.k30.hapmer.meryl \
trio
Make sure to count k-mers in compressed space. Child data is optional, in this case use maternal_compress.k30.only.meryl and paternal_compress.k30.only.meryl in the verkko command above.
To run in Hi-C mode, reads should be provided using the --hic1 and --hic2 options. For example:
verkko -d asm \
--hifi hifi/*.fastq.gz \
--nano ont/*.fastq.gz \
--hic1 hic/*R1*fastq.gz \
--hic2 hic/*R2*fastq.gz
Hi-C integration is a beta release and tested mostly on human and primate genomes. Please see the --rdna-tangle, --uneven-depth and --haplo-divergence options if you want to assemble something distant from human and/or have uneven coverage. If you encounter issues or have questions about appropriate parameters, please open an issue.
You can pass through snakemake options to restrict CPU/memory/cluster resources by adding the --snakeopts option to verkko. For example, --snakeopts "--dry-run" will print what jobs will run while --snakeopts "--cores 1000" would restrict grid runs to at most 1000 cores across all submited jobs.
To test your installation we have an E. coli K12 dataset available.
curl -L https://obj.umiacs.umd.edu/sergek/shared/ecoli_hifi_subset24x.fastq.gz -o hifi.fastq.gz
curl -L https://obj.umiacs.umd.edu/sergek/shared/ecoli_ont_subset50x.fastq.gz -o ont.fastq.gz
verkko -d asm --hifi ./hifi.fastq.gz --nano ./ont.fastq.gz
The final assembly result is under asm/assembly.fasta. The final graph (in homopolymer-compressed space) is under asm/assembly.homopolymer-compressed.gfa along with coverage files in asm/assembly*csv. If you provided phasing information, you will also have asm/assembly.haplotype[12].fasta. You can find intermediate graphs and coverage files under asm/*/unitig-*gfa and asm/*/unitig-*csv.
- Rautiainen M, Nurk S, Walenz BP, Logsdon GA, Porubsky D, Rhie A, Eichler EE, Phillippy AM, Koren S. Telomere-to-telomere assembly of diploid chromosomes with Verkko. Nat Biotech. (2023).
doi:10.1038/s41587-023-01662-6