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slides from dlg & me speaking at cuug meeting, prodded by mcbride
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<BR>Page 1: Faster Packets<BR>
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Faster Packets
10GE, faster pf and other fun stuff

David Gwynne <[email protected]>
Henning Brauer <[email protected]>

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<BR>Page 2: why 10Gb on OpenBSD?<BR>
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why 10Gb on OpenBSD?


OpenBSD is popular as a router/firewall platform

Networks and infrastructure are getting faster

Hardware is now available

People are going to want this

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Hardware


at a basic level its like 1Gb, but all the numbers are growing, eg the interface speed (duh), the size of the packets, the size of the descriptor rings, the number of descriptor rings, the price

computers already struggle at 1Gb speeds to keep up with interrupts


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Hardware


10Gb is the same, but worse
vendors are starting to throw more features (and bugs) in to make it easier on computers, eg, TOE, RSS/TSO, checksumming, RDMA
most offer virtualisation "features", (apparently all of which are first to market and unique).

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Vendors


We know of eight
S2IO/Neterion, Intel, Myrinet, Chelsio, NetXen, Tehuti, NetEffect, Sun

We have cards from six, soon to be seven. Sun is the only hw we wont have.

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Vendors


Neterion are great, supplied hw/docs/drivers

Tehuti are great, supplied hw/docs/engineers

Intel are ok, supplied hw and a driver

sun are yet to give up anything

the others are supplying hw and lunix drivers.

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<BR>Page 7: 10Gb on OpenBSD<BR>
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10Gb on OpenBSD


We have drivers for 3: xge (neterion), ixgb (intel), tht (tehuti)

xge/ixgb are i386/amd64 only cos writing decent drivers is apparently too hard for some people.

nx (netxen), che (chelsio), and myricom (myx) are in progress

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10Gb on OpenBSD


we only support the ethernet features, we don't use the offloading

other oses can do like 2.5Gbps using the same limited features

my box can do half a gigabit with no tweaks using tht

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<BR>Page 9: why that slow?<BR>
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why that slow?


i have a cheap computer just for writing drivers, not for routing

most chips support parallel operations. we cant do that cos of kernel locking

our network stack is not optimized for single fast tcp streams (but very safe)

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<BR>Page 10: why not use the extra features<BR>
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why not use the extra features


we dont trust the vendors stacks

big reason is we like our network stack

offload engines bypass pf

we would have to complicate our stack to bypass it, which hurts everyone else

offload engines cant scale like a real machine can (mem limits on a chip, etc), so end up on the machine anyway

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<BR>Page 11: what we've done?<BR>
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what we've done?


two groups doing the same thing for different reasons

dlg, reyk, claudio are focused on 10Gb

henning and mcbride on making things faster just cos they think faster is better than fast

but now we talk

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<BR>Page 12: making pf faster<BR>
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making pf faster


pf is not exactly slow, but we thought it can be faster :)

packets travel in so-called mbufs through the system

mbufs are pre-allocated, getting them is cheap
putting them back was kinda slow... dlg/tedu fixed that :)
dlg's 10GE test box went from 700 to 900 MBit/s, just because of that: not calling microuptime() every time we put an mbuf back

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<BR>Page 13: making pf faster<BR>
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making pf faster


pf needs to keep track of some things it does to packets
save ip header position for altq
queue ID for altq
tag/tagged (as in, the keywords)
ID of the routing table to be used for lookups
count how often route-to kicked in, prevent loops
mark packets generated by pf (block return, ...)
mark packets that were rdr'd to localhost
fragment cache needs a marker too

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making pf faster


pf used to use mbuf tags for that.
mbuf tags can contain arbitary information, attached to the mbuf, in chains so you can have multiple
first used by ipsec

in the old days, pf used up to eight distinct tags

about a year ago, I folded that into one that has all info in it
that already helps performance when you use that stuff, but I didn't measure back then

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making pf faster


mbuf tags used malloc'd memory

that turned out to be a major performance hit

so stop using mbuf tags, and just stuff what we need into the mbuf header directly.
grows the mbuf pkthdr slightly, but we have room there
no mallocs!

little sucky soekris box was capable of 29 MBit/s, with that change, 58.
just love 100% increases

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making pf faster


while I was working on that, chris kuethe found the sucky sis in the soekris can do interrupt mitigation, and turned that on in the driver

dlg did some profiling, because his 10G card was so slow, and spotted the kernel randomness pool stirring from the network stack was a major hit

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