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======== | ||
Paramiko | ||
======== | ||
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.. Continuous integration and code coverage badges | ||
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/paramiko/paramiko.svg?branch=master | ||
:target: https://travis-ci.org/paramiko/paramiko | ||
.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/paramiko/paramiko/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github | ||
:target: https://coveralls.io/github/paramiko/paramiko?branch=master | ||
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:Paramiko: Python SSH module | ||
:Copyright: Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Robey Pointer <[email protected]> | ||
:Copyright: Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Jeff Forcier <[email protected]> | ||
:License: `LGPL <https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html>`_ | ||
:Homepage: http://www.paramiko.org/ | ||
:API docs: http://docs.paramiko.org | ||
:Development: https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko | ||
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What | ||
---- | ||
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"Paramiko" is a combination of the esperanto words for "paranoid" and | ||
"friend". It's a module for Python 2.6+ that implements the SSH2 protocol | ||
for secure (encrypted and authenticated) connections to remote machines. | ||
Unlike SSL (aka TLS), SSH2 protocol does not require hierarchical | ||
certificates signed by a powerful central authority. You may know SSH2 as | ||
the protocol that replaced Telnet and rsh for secure access to remote | ||
shells, but the protocol also includes the ability to open arbitrary | ||
channels to remote services across the encrypted tunnel (this is how SFTP | ||
works, for example). | ||
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It is written entirely in Python (no C or platform-dependent code) and is | ||
released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (`LGPL | ||
<https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html>`_). | ||
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The package and its API is fairly well documented in the "doc/" folder | ||
that should have come with this archive. | ||
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Requirements | ||
------------ | ||
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- `Python <http://www.python.org/>`_ 2.6, 2.7, or 3.3+ (3.2 should also work, | ||
but it is not recommended) | ||
- `pycrypto <https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/>`_ 2.1+ | ||
- `ecdsa <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ecdsa>`_ 0.11+ | ||
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Installation | ||
------------ | ||
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For most users, the recommended method to install is via pip:: | ||
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pip install paramiko | ||
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For more detailed instructions, see the `Installing | ||
<http://www.paramiko.org/installing.html>`_ page on the main Paramiko website. | ||
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Portability Issues | ||
------------------ | ||
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Paramiko primarily supports POSIX platforms with standard OpenSSH | ||
implementations, and is most frequently tested on Linux and OS X. Windows is | ||
supported as well, though it may not be as straightforward. | ||
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Some Windows users whose Python is 64-bit have found that the PyCrypto | ||
dependency ``winrandom`` may not install properly, leading to an | ||
``ImportError``. In this scenario, you may need to compile ``winrandom`` | ||
yourself. See `Fabric #194 <https://github.com/fabric/fabric/issues/194>`_ | ||
for info. | ||
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Bugs & Support | ||
-------------- | ||
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:Bug Reports: `Github <https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/issues/>`_ | ||
:Mailing List: ``[email protected]`` (see the `LibreList website | ||
<http://librelist.com/>`_ for usage details). | ||
:IRC: ``#paramiko`` on Freenode | ||
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Kerberos Support | ||
---------------- | ||
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Paramiko ships with optional Kerberos/GSSAPI support; for info on the extra | ||
dependencies for this, see the `GSS-API section | ||
<http://www.paramiko.org/installing.html#gssapi>`_ | ||
on the main Paramiko website. | ||
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Demo | ||
---- | ||
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Several demo scripts come with Paramiko to demonstrate how to use it. | ||
Probably the simplest demo of all is this:: | ||
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import paramiko, base64 | ||
key = paramiko.RSAKey(data=base64.decodestring('AAA...')) | ||
client = paramiko.SSHClient() | ||
client.get_host_keys().add('ssh.example.com', 'ssh-rsa', key) | ||
client.connect('ssh.example.com', username='strongbad', password='thecheat') | ||
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('ls') | ||
for line in stdout: | ||
print '... ' + line.strip('\n') | ||
client.close() | ||
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This prints out the results of executing ``ls`` on a remote server. The host | ||
key 'AAA...' should of course be replaced by the actual base64 encoding of the | ||
host key. If you skip host key verification, the connection is not secure! | ||
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The following example scripts (in demos/) get progressively more detailed: | ||
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:demo_simple.py: | ||
Calls invoke_shell() and emulates a terminal/TTY through which you can | ||
execute commands interactively on a remote server. Think of it as a | ||
poor man's SSH command-line client. | ||
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:demo.py: | ||
Same as demo_simple.py, but allows you to authenticate using a private | ||
key, attempts to use an SSH agent if present, and uses the long form of | ||
some of the API calls. | ||
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:forward.py: | ||
Command-line script to set up port-forwarding across an SSH transport. | ||
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:demo_sftp.py: | ||
Opens an SFTP session and does a few simple file operations. | ||
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:demo_server.py: | ||
An SSH server that listens on port 2200 and accepts a login for | ||
'robey' (password 'foo'), and pretends to be a BBS. Meant to be a | ||
very simple demo of writing an SSH server. | ||
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:demo_keygen.py: | ||
A key generator similar to OpenSSH ``ssh-keygen(1)`` program with | ||
Paramiko keys generation and progress functions. | ||
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Use | ||
--- | ||
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The demo scripts are probably the best example of how to use this package. | ||
There is also a lot of documentation, generated with Sphinx autodoc, in the | ||
doc/ folder. | ||
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There are also unit tests here:: | ||
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$ python ./test.py | ||
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Which will verify that most of the core components are working correctly. |
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# Older junk | ||
tox>=1.4,<1.5 | ||
# For newer tasks like building Sphinx docs. | ||
invoke>=0.10 | ||
invocations>=0.9.2 | ||
invoke>=0.11.1 | ||
invocations>=0.11.0 | ||
sphinx>=1.1.3 | ||
alabaster>=0.6.1 | ||
releases>=0.5.2 | ||
alabaster>=0.7.5 | ||
releases>=1.0.0 | ||
semantic_version>=2.4,<2.5 | ||
wheel==0.24 | ||
twine==1.5 |
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